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      研究并探討64排螺旋CT低劑量掃描技術(shù)在肺結(jié)節(jié)診斷中的應(yīng)用效果

      2020-06-12 11:47王勇敢
      中外醫(yī)療 2020年8期
      關(guān)鍵詞:個(gè)數(shù)低劑量性質(zhì)

      王勇敢

      [摘要] 目的 探討64排螺旋CT低劑量掃描技術(shù)診斷肺結(jié)節(jié)的臨床價(jià)值。方法 方便選取該院自2018年1月—2019年1月診治的52例肺部結(jié)節(jié)患者為觀察對(duì)象,采用64排螺旋CT常規(guī)劑量(200 mA)與低劑量(40 mA)進(jìn)行掃描,比較常規(guī)劑量和低劑量檢查結(jié)果。結(jié)果 低劑量CT掃描微結(jié)節(jié)、小結(jié)節(jié)、大結(jié)節(jié)個(gè)數(shù)、總個(gè)數(shù)分別為12個(gè)、41個(gè)、30個(gè)、83個(gè),常規(guī)劑量CT掃描分別為14個(gè)、41個(gè)、30個(gè)、85個(gè),兩者比較差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(χ2=0.130、0.023、0.013、P=0.718、0.880、0.908)。低劑量與常規(guī)劑量下肺部結(jié)節(jié)分葉征、毛刺征、血管集束征、胸膜凹陷征、鈣化、空洞、支氣管征比較差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05);低劑量CT掃描對(duì)結(jié)節(jié)性質(zhì)診斷中,肺癌原發(fā)灶、肺轉(zhuǎn)移瘤、結(jié)核灶、炎性結(jié)節(jié)、無(wú)法判斷結(jié)節(jié)個(gè)數(shù)分別為23個(gè)、16個(gè)、19個(gè)、14個(gè)、11個(gè),常規(guī)劑量CT掃描分別為24個(gè)、17個(gè)、20個(gè)、14個(gè)、10個(gè),兩者比較差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(χ2=0.006、0.014、0.010、0.005,0.085,P=0.940、0.906、0.922、0.945、0.771)。結(jié)論 64排螺旋CT進(jìn)行40 mA低劑量掃描對(duì)肺結(jié)節(jié)檢出率、影像學(xué)特征、結(jié)節(jié)性質(zhì)診斷與常規(guī)劑量相當(dāng),而射線劑量顯著低于常規(guī)劑量,安全系數(shù)更高,有望成為篩查和診斷肺結(jié)節(jié)的有效手段。

      [關(guān)鍵詞] 肺結(jié)節(jié);64排螺旋CT;低劑量;影像特征;結(jié)節(jié)性質(zhì);診斷

      [Abstract] Objective To explore the clinical value of 64-slice spiral CT low-dose scanning technology in the diagnosis of pulmonary nodules. Methods Convenient select a total of 52 patients with pulmonary nodules in the hospital from January 2018 to January 2019 were selected as observation objects, and the 64-slice spiral CT conventional dose (200 mA) and low dose (40 mA) were scanned to compare test results of the conventional dose and the low dose. Results The number and total number of micronodules, small nodules, and large nodules in low-dose CT scans were 12, 41, 30, and 83, and conventional dose CT scans were 14, 41, and 30, 85, there is no statistically significant difference between the two (χ2=0.130, 0.023, 0.013, P=0.718, 0.880, 0.908). There was no significant difference between low-dose and regular-dose lung nodule sign, burr sign, vascular bundle sign, pleural depression sign, calcification, cavity, and bronchus sign (P>0.05). In the diagnosis of nodular properties, the number of primary lung cancer, lung metastases, tuberculosis, inflammatory nodules, and nodules that cannot be judged were 23, 16, 19, 14, and 11, respectively. Conventional-dose CT scans were 24, 17, 20, 14, 10, and there was no significant difference between the two(χ2=0.006, 0.014, 0.010, 0.005, 0.085, P=0.940, 0.906, 0.922, 0.945, 0.771). Conclusion The 64-slice spiral CT with 40mA low-dose scan has the same detection rate, imaging characteristics, and nodular diagnosis of pulmonary nodules as conventional doses, but the radiation dose is significantly lower than conventional doses, and the safety factor is higher. It is expected to become a screening and effective means for diagnosis of pulmonary nodules.

      [Key words] Pulmonary nodules; 64-slice spiral CT; Low dose; Imaging characteristics; Nodular properties; Diagnosis

      隨著醫(yī)學(xué)技術(shù)的發(fā)作,CT掃描技術(shù)不斷成熟,在臨床中得到廣泛應(yīng)用,當(dāng)前CT掃描已成為肺結(jié)節(jié)篩查和診斷的重要方法。相關(guān)研究顯示,肺癌高危人群每年肺結(jié)節(jié)發(fā)現(xiàn)率達(dá)1.3%左右,而結(jié)節(jié)為惡性的比例高達(dá)43%左右[1]。64排螺旋CT具有空間分辨率高、成像質(zhì)量高的特點(diǎn),能夠發(fā)現(xiàn)微小病變。然而64排螺旋CT常規(guī)掃描劑量較大,人們接受度不高,在人群篩查中應(yīng)用受限[2]。既往研究表明低劑量CT掃描在普通人群健康體檢中亦能夠較好地檢出肺結(jié)節(jié)[3]。為進(jìn)一步探討64排螺旋CT低劑量掃描在肺結(jié)節(jié)檢出、影像學(xué)特點(diǎn)、結(jié)節(jié)性質(zhì)判斷中的應(yīng)用價(jià)值,該研究方便選取2018年1月—2019年1月52例CT常規(guī)掃描證實(shí)存在肺結(jié)節(jié)的患者,進(jìn)行200 mA常規(guī)劑量掃描、40 mA低劑量掃描,并進(jìn)行比較,現(xiàn)報(bào)道如下。

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