李亞鈴 魯玉潔 譚巧文 王志宏 郭宗君
[摘要] 目的 分析非進食障礙肥胖人群在愛荷華州賭博任務(wù)(IGT)中的決策情況。
方法 計算機檢索萬方中文科技期刊數(shù)據(jù)庫、中國知網(wǎng)、Pubmed、Web of Science、Elsevier ScienceDirect數(shù)據(jù)庫中所有關(guān)于IGT測量非進食障礙肥胖者決策的隨機對照試驗,檢索年限為數(shù)據(jù)庫建庫至2019年7月,語種為中、英文。由兩位研究者按照制定的納入與排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和Jadad質(zhì)量評分表獨立篩選、評估文獻(xiàn),提取數(shù)據(jù)。用RevMan 5.3軟件進行Meta分析。
結(jié)果 共有9篇文獻(xiàn)符合要求納入研究。Meta分析結(jié)果顯示,非進食障礙肥胖組IGT總凈得分明顯低于健康對照組,差異具有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(MD=-12.28,95%CI=-15.52~-9.04,P<0.001)。IGT中的Block1結(jié)果顯示,兩組間任務(wù)表現(xiàn)差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(MD=0.26,95%CI=-0.68~1.20,P>0.05);Block2~5結(jié)果顯示,非進食障礙肥胖組IGT得分明顯低于健康對照組,差異具有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(Block2:MD=-2.93,95%CI=-4.39~-1.47,P<0.001;Block3:MD=-2.94,95%CI=-4.44~-1.45,P<0.001;Block4:MD=-3.45,95%CI=-4.80~-2.10,P<0.001;Block5:MD=-3.59,95%CI=-5.60~-1.58,P<0.001)。
結(jié)論 非進食障礙肥胖人群的決策能力明顯受損。
[關(guān)鍵詞] 肥胖癥;決策;Meta分析
[中圖分類號] R589.25;R395.1
[文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼] A
[文章編號] 2096-5532(2020)03-0313-05
doi:10.11712/jms.2096-5532.2020.56.111
[開放科學(xué)(資源服務(wù))標(biāo)識碼(OSID)]
[網(wǎng)絡(luò)出版] https://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/37.1517.R.20200610.1354.001.html;2020-06-11 11:14
DECISION MAKING IN IOWA GAMBLING TASK IN OBESE INDIVIDUALS WITHOUT EATING DISORDERS: A META-ANALYSIS
LI Yaling, LU Yujie, TAN Qiaowen, WANG Zhihong, GUO Zongjun
(Department of Geriatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China)
[ABSTRACT]ObjectiveTo investigate the decision-making ability of obese individuals without eating disorders in Iowa Gambling Task (IGT).
MethodsWanfang Data, CNKI, PubMed, Web of Science, and Elsevier ScienceDirect were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on IGT for evaluating the decision-making ability in obese individuals without eating disorders published up to July 2019 and written in English or Chinese. Two researchers independently performed literature screening, assessment, and data extraction according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria and the Jadad quality scale, and RevMan 5.3 was used to perform the Meta-analysis.
ResultsA total of 9 RCTs which met the requirements were included in the study. The Meta-analysis showed that the non-eating disorder obese group had a significantly lower total net score of IGT than the healthy control group (mean difference (MD)=-12.28,95% confidence interval (CI)=-15.52 to -9.04,P<0.001). The results of Block1 in IGT showed that there was no significant difference in task performance between the two groups (MD=0.26,95%CI=-0.68 to 1.20,P>0.05), and the results of Block2-5 showed that the non-eating disorder obese group had a significantly lower IGT score than the healthy control group (Block2:MD=-2.93,95%CI=-4.39 to -1.47,P<0.001; Block3:MD=-2.94,95%CI=-4.44 to -1.45,P<0.001; Block4:MD=-3.45,95%CI=-4.80 to -2.10,P<0.001; Block5:MD=-3.59,95%CI=-5.60 to -1.58,P<0.001).
ConclusionImpaired decision-making ability is observed in obese individuals without eating disorders.
[KEY WORDS]obesity; decision making; Meta-analysis
在當(dāng)今發(fā)達(dá)國家和發(fā)展中國家中,肥胖患病率正逐步上升[1-2]。肥胖會導(dǎo)致多種疾病的發(fā)生發(fā)展,包括心血管疾病、糖尿病[3],同時肥胖也是焦慮癥和抑郁癥等精神疾病的危險因素[4],這嚴(yán)重影響了肥胖者正常的社交和生活。有研究認(rèn)為,肥胖特別是伴有進食障礙者存在腦部前額葉皮質(zhì)異常,特別是在腹內(nèi)側(cè)前額葉皮質(zhì)(vmPFC)和背外側(cè)前額葉皮質(zhì)(DLPFC)區(qū)域,這些腦區(qū)的異常可能與肥胖者的行為表現(xiàn)有關(guān)[5]。
決策是對選擇的后果進行反思后作出選擇的認(rèn)知過程,其中前額葉皮質(zhì)區(qū)的DLPFC和vmPFC起關(guān)鍵的作用[6]。決策通常通過愛荷華州賭博任務(wù)(IGT)來進行評估,IGT是一個以賺錢為目標(biāo)的簡單紙牌任務(wù),用來評估風(fēng)險偏好,通過考慮不確定性、獎勵和懲罰來模擬現(xiàn)實生活中的決策策略[7]。IGT允許模糊性和風(fēng)險下的決策,其中的Block1對應(yīng)以未知事件為特征的模糊性決策,而Block2~5對應(yīng)以可能結(jié)果的已知概率分布為特征的風(fēng)險決策[8]。該任務(wù)可應(yīng)用于評估vmPFC病變的行為特點,其結(jié)果表明vmPFC損傷可能導(dǎo)致IGT表現(xiàn)異常[9]。有研究表明,肥胖經(jīng)常與進食障礙尤其是暴飲暴食和相關(guān)疾病導(dǎo)致的決策受損有關(guān)[10-13]。但是目前對于非進食障礙肥胖病人決策情況的相關(guān)臨床對照試驗較少,樣本量不足,難以全面評估這類人群的決策差異。故本研究通過檢索國內(nèi)外已發(fā)表的文獻(xiàn),利用Meta分析方法進行綜合統(tǒng)計、定量分析與評價,探討非進食障礙肥胖者的決策情況,為實現(xiàn)有效控制體質(zhì)量和減肥的治療策略提供理論依據(jù)?,F(xiàn)將結(jié)果報告如下。
1 資料和方法
1.1 資料來源
由兩名研究者獨立檢索萬方中文科技期刊數(shù)據(jù)庫、中國知網(wǎng)、Pubmed、Web of Science及Elsevier ScienceDirect數(shù)據(jù)庫中所有關(guān)于IGT測量非進食障礙肥胖者決策的隨機對照試驗,并將檢索結(jié)果進行合并,根據(jù)納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn)選取符合標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的中英文文獻(xiàn),若有分歧,則經(jīng)兩名研究者討論后達(dá)成一致。中文數(shù)據(jù)庫檢索關(guān)鍵詞為肥胖、決策、愛荷華州賭博任務(wù),檢索式為“肥胖”和“決策或愛荷華州賭博任務(wù)或賭博任務(wù)”。英文數(shù)據(jù)庫的檢索策略為,以“Obesity”AND“Decision making OR Iowa Gambling Task OR Gambling Task”為檢索式進行檢索。檢索年限為數(shù)據(jù)庫建庫至2019年7月。根據(jù)初次檢索所得文獻(xiàn)的參考文獻(xiàn),再行擴大檢索。
1.2 文獻(xiàn)納入和排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):①原始文獻(xiàn)有明確的分組,明確沒有暴飲暴食或者其他進食障礙;②研究結(jié)果報告了IGT得分;③非進食障礙肥胖組(簡稱肥胖組,體質(zhì)量指數(shù)(BMI)≥30 kg/m2)與正常體質(zhì)量(BMI<30 kg/m2)的健康對照組進行了比較。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):①暴飲暴食病人和具有其他進食障礙者;②重復(fù)報告、質(zhì)量差、報道信息太少及無法利用的文獻(xiàn);③研究類型為動物實驗。
1.3 質(zhì)量評價
文獻(xiàn)的質(zhì)量采用Jadad質(zhì)量評分表評價,總評分1~3分為低質(zhì)量,4~7分為高質(zhì)量。分別從以下幾個方面進行評價:隨機分組序列產(chǎn)生方法(0~2分),分配隱藏(0~2分),雙盲法(0~2分),退出與失訪(0~1分)。
1.4 數(shù)據(jù)提取
由兩名研究者單獨對納入文獻(xiàn)進行數(shù)據(jù)提取,提取的數(shù)據(jù)包括文獻(xiàn)的第一作者和發(fā)表時間,以及肥胖組和健康對照組的樣本數(shù)、年齡、性別、BMI、受教育年限和IGT凈得分(有利選擇減去不利選擇)等。對IGT中5個Block分別提取IGT得分,區(qū)別模糊決策和風(fēng)險決策。
1.5 統(tǒng)計分析
應(yīng)用Cochrane協(xié)作網(wǎng)提供的Meta分析軟件RevMan 5.3進行統(tǒng)計學(xué)分析。采用Q統(tǒng)計量評估研究異質(zhì)性:當(dāng)I2<25%時,認(rèn)為不存在異質(zhì)性;當(dāng)25%≤I2<50%時,則認(rèn)為研究存在輕度異質(zhì)性;當(dāng)50%≤I2<75%時,認(rèn)為存在中度異質(zhì)性;當(dāng)I2≥75%時,認(rèn)為存在重度異質(zhì)性。采用隨機效應(yīng)模型進行Meta分析,Meta分析中的連續(xù)變量以x±s表示,計算均數(shù)差(MD)及其95%置信區(qū)間(CI),當(dāng)95%CI不為0且P<0.05時,即認(rèn)為差異有顯著性。采用漏斗圖評估發(fā)表偏倚。
2 結(jié)果
2.1 納入文獻(xiàn)基本特征
初步篩選后得到文獻(xiàn)1 190篇,排除重復(fù)出現(xiàn)的文獻(xiàn)及與研究目的無關(guān)的文獻(xiàn)后剩余108篇,通過進一步閱讀全文排除了綜述、動物實驗性研究,納入文獻(xiàn)13篇,其中4篇由于數(shù)據(jù)不全被排除,最終納入文獻(xiàn)9篇[14-22]。9篇均為英文文獻(xiàn),其中5篇為低質(zhì)量文獻(xiàn),4篇為高質(zhì)量文獻(xiàn)。納入文獻(xiàn)特征見表1。
2.2 Meta分析
異質(zhì)性分析結(jié)果顯示,各研究間異質(zhì)性可以被接受(P>0.1;Q=4.94,df=8,I2=0)。采用隨機效應(yīng)模型進行Meta分析,結(jié)果顯示,肥胖組IGT凈得分低于健康對照組,差異具有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(MD=-12.28,95%CI=-15.52~-9.04,P<0.001)。見圖1。有4篇文獻(xiàn)提供了5個環(huán)節(jié)的具體數(shù)據(jù),對這4篇文獻(xiàn)的Meta分析結(jié)果顯示,在模糊環(huán)境下(Block1環(huán)節(jié)),肥胖組與健康對照組的IGT得分差異無顯著性(MD=0.26,95%CI=-0.68~1.20,P>0.05);在風(fēng)險環(huán)境下(Block2~5環(huán)節(jié)),肥胖組的IGT得分明顯低于健康對照組,差異具有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(Block2:MD=-2.93,95%CI=-4.39~-1.47,P<0.001;Block3:MD=-2.94,95%CI=-4.44~-1.45,P<0.001;Block4:MD=-3.45,95%CI=-4.80~-2.10,P<0.001;Block5:MD=-3.59,95%CI=-5.60~-1.58,P<0.001)。見圖2。從漏斗圖中可以看出,納入的各項研究基本呈對稱分布,提示不存在發(fā)表偏倚。兩組IGT凈得分比較漏斗圖見圖3。
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(本文編輯 馬偉平)
[收稿日期]2019-11-15; [修訂日期]2020-04-07
[基金項目]山東省科技發(fā)展計劃項目(2011YD18045);山東省自然科學(xué)基金資助項目(ZR2012HM049);青島市科技局科研基金資助項目(09-1-1-33-nsh;15-9-2-74-nsh);青島市黃島區(qū)科技局科研基金資助項目(2014-1-73)。
[第一作者]李亞鈴(1993-),女,碩士研究生。
[通信作者]郭宗君(1964-),男,博士,主任醫(yī)師,碩士生導(dǎo)師。E-mail:guozjj@163.com。