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1

Lions， tigers and other animals are staying awake at night1（avoid） human beings， a new study finds.

Scientists have known that human activities can lead to changes in nature. Many animals may move around less or travel to far places to keep away2people. By being awake at night， animals can also be on guard against possible3（enemy） and spend less time4（look） for food.

The latest research found even activities like farming and camping can frighten animals and cause them to become more active at night.5had been studied were lions in Tanzania， tigers in Nepal and monkeys in Brazil. Researchers compared6（careful） how much time those animals were active at night in areas of human activities， such as hunting and farming.7was human activities that caused an increase of about 20 percent in night?time activities， even in creatures that usually sleep at night. Results8（publish） in the journal Science two months ago.

The new findings are unusual because no one else9（look） at it in such detail before. Ecologist Marlee Tucker was10（surprise） that any kind of human activities is enough for animals to see people as a threat.

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2

Will cash disappear from our neighborhoods？ Cash will likely become less popular， thanks to the high cost of using cash and the1（grow） number of alternatives. The future will be “l(fā)ess cash” rather than cashless.

Cash is unique among payment instruments in that anyone can transact （交易）， any time， any place， with no third parties2（involve）. With this freedom3（come） strong privacy protection. People have4sense of security when they have cash with them. These entries will， of course， evolve （進化） as our societies become more5（digital） native. However， old habits and viewpoints take a long time6（turn） over. Some7（merchant） will resist the costs of new equipment or fees that accompany cash alternatives. Cash8（consider） more convenient and universal， while with digital transactions therere always concerns about hacking and fraud （詐騙）.

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4

Video game addiction is a term that1（use） for years by parents and mental health professionals2believe that its a real disorder. Now， theres more weight behind their3（argue）： The World Health Organization （WHO） has included “gaming disorder” as a new mental health condition4（list） in the 11th edition of its International Classification of Diseases.

According to WHO， there are three major criteria （條件） for the diagnosis of gaming disorder： Gaming takes preference over other5（activity） so much that a person often gives up6（ do） other things， a person continues gaming even when7causes problems in their life or they feel that they cant stop， and gaming causes8（serious） problems than people expect. If your children get addicted into a game for a few days， but go back to normal after that， they wouldnt suffer from it. Instead， people must engage in this behavior for at least 12 months.

WHO says that all people who participate9gaming should be aware that gaming disorder is a real condition， and its10（importance） to be aware of how often they play video games. However， they also point out that gaming disorder only affects a small amount of people who game.

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5

Is there such a thing as being “over?protective”？

I can honestly say that my answer to that question1（change） dramatically since I became a parent.

Before the birth of my daughter， I taught at2private school， often viewing my students as over?protected， worrying about3would happen when they went on to middle school.

Some did fine， and some did not. Some needed constant pats on the back， words of4（encourage） and extra support， which I5（happy） gave. Others were content6their own， needing little or no interaction with their teachers. But for the most part， graduates would go on for higher schooling.

Id always supposed their parents were over?protective， for they were the ones that still walked7（they） fifth graders into the classroom and met them at the school gate.

Admittedly， I laughed at those parents，8（think） their children would never learn to be9（independence） if they didnt let go just a little. Then I had my own daughter. The moment I looked at her little face， I10（know） Id do everything in my power to protect her and make sure she always felt safe！

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6

Iceland is a land of volcanoes. Nowhere is1（evident） than on the Westman Islands off the southern coast of Iceland. Here，2（century） of volcanic eruptions formed many eye-catching sea cliffs （懸崖）， among3one stands out： A part of the volcano-formed coast on Heimaey looks exactly like the head of a large elephant4（stick） its trunk in the water.

In fact， it looks so much like an elephant that many people think it must have been shaped by humans. That is not5case， however. The elephants realistic6（appear） is， at least partially， due to the fact that the cliff7（consist） of a special rock. The rock gives the figure “skin” that looks wrinkled and gray， just like that of a real elephant.

The most common theory is that the rock formations came from the Eldfell Volcano， which8（erupt） many times since the 1940s.

In spite of the strong resemblance to an elephant， some people9（actual） see something different when they look at the rock formation. They see the fictional character Cthulhu， a sea beast.

Whether you see an elephant10a fictional beast， as one of many attractions on Heimaey， the rock does draw curious sightseers.

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