付蓮花 余海根 葉山蘭
[摘要]目的 探討尿沉渣分析儀聯(lián)合尿液干化學法對尿液白細胞檢測的價值。方法 收集2019年1~6月江西省宜春市第三人民醫(yī)院檢驗科的500例尿液標本,依據(jù)隨機雙盲法分為對照組(n=250)與觀察組(n=250)。對照組采用尿液干化學法,觀察組采用尿沉渣分析儀聯(lián)合尿液干化學法。以尿沉渣鏡檢為金標準,比較兩組尿液標本尿液白細胞檢出的陽性率、漏診率、誤診率。結果 尿沉渣鏡檢結果顯示,對照組尿液標本的尿液白細胞陽性率為79.20%(198/250),觀察組尿液標本的尿液白細胞陽性率為77.60%(194/250)。兩組的尿液白細胞陽性率比較,差異無統(tǒng)計學意義(P>0.05)。觀察組檢測方法檢測尿液白細胞的陽性率為76.00%(190/250),高于對照組的56.00%(140/250),差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(P=0.035)。觀察組尿液標本的尿液白細胞檢出符合率高于對照組,檢測漏診率、誤診率均低于對照組,差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(P<0.05)。結論 尿沉渣分析儀聯(lián)合尿液干化學法可降低尿液白細胞檢測的漏診率、誤診率,提高檢測價值。
[關鍵詞]尿沉渣分析儀;尿液干化學法;尿液白細胞;漏診率;誤診率
[中圖分類號] R446.12? ? ? ? ? [文獻標識碼] A? ? ? ? ? [文章編號] 1674-4721(2020)7(c)-0139-03
Value analysis of urine sediment analyzer combined with urine dry chemistry method for urine white blood cell detection
FU Lian-hua1? ?YU Hai-gen1? ?YE Shan-lan2
1. Department of Clinical Laboratory, the Third People′s Hospital of Yichun City in Jiangxi Province, Yichun? ?336000, China; 2. Department of Clinical Laboratory, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Tonggu County in Jiangxi Province, Tonggu? ?336200, China
[Abstract] Objective To explore the value of urine sediment analyzer combined with urine dry chemistry method for urine white blood cell detection. Methods A total of 500 cases of urine specimens from the Third People′s Hospital of Yichun City in Jiangxi Province from January to June 2019 were collected and divided into the control group (n=250) and the observation group (n=250) according to the randomized double-blind method. Urine dry chemical method was used in the control group, and urine sediment analyzer combined with urine dry chemical method was used in the observation group. Urine sediment microscopic examination was used as gold standard, the positive rate, missed diagnosis rate and misdiagnosis rate of urine leucocytes were compared between the two groups. Results The results of urine sediment microscopy showed that the urine leukocyte positive rate of the control group was 79.20% (198/250),and the urine leukocyte positive rate of the observation group was 77.60% (194/250). There was no significant difference in the positive rate of urine leukocytes between the two groups (P>0.05). The positive rate of urine leucocytes detected by the test method in the observation group was 76.00% (190/250), which was higher than that in the control group (56.00%) (140/250), and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The coincidence rate of urine white blood cells detected in the urine samples of the observation group was higher than that of the control group, and the missed diagnosis rate and misdiagnosis rate in the urine samples of the observation group were lower than those of the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion Urine sediment analyzer combined with urine dry chemistry method can reduce the missed diagnosis rate and misdiagnosis rate of urine leukocyte detection, and improve the detection value.
尿液干化學法檢測需要專業(yè)試紙進行對比分析,試紙成份以重氮鹽、吲哚酚酯為主,與白細胞包漿內(nèi)粒細胞酯酶發(fā)生反應,使吲哚酚游離,與重氮鹽形成縮合物,并且粒細胞顏色的變化與其數(shù)量呈正比[14]。該方法檢測過程中受各方面的影響,所有能影響粒細胞酯酶的因素均可影響尿液白細胞檢測結果。UF-1000i尿沉渣分析儀是基于電阻抗、流式細胞計數(shù)法的原理,尿液標本稀釋、染色后,經(jīng)激光束照射后,尿液標本所有分化粒子得到不同熒光強度、散射光強度、電阻抗大小,儀器通過對不同熒光、散射光強度以及不同電阻抗進行有效分析,識別不同的粒子[15]。該方法檢測中易受尿液成分的影響,只能檢測完整細胞的有形成分,故易影響檢測結果。尿沉渣鏡檢則是將尿液標本經(jīng)過離心、分層、滴定等處理,在顯微鏡下直接觀察細胞,是檢測的金標準。
本研究結果顯示,觀察組尿液標本尿液白細胞檢出的陽性率、檢出符合率均高于對照組,漏診率低于對照組(P<0.05),提示尿沉渣分析儀聯(lián)合尿液干化學法檢測尿液白細胞陽性率更高,能夠有效避免漏診。單一的尿液干化學法在檢測過程中易受多方面因素的影響,若尿液中含有先鋒Ⅳ、慶大霉素、乳糜尿、蛋白等,可造成結果假陰性;此外,機體存在免疫系統(tǒng)疾病、腎移植術后的排斥反應,尿液白細胞以淋巴細胞為主,但淋巴細胞不存在粒細胞酯酶,常導致假陰性,從而提高漏診率。聯(lián)合尿沉渣分析儀可有效避免上述影響因素,形成互補,從而提高陽性率,有效避免漏診。
本研究結果還顯示,觀察組尿液標本尿白細胞檢測的誤診率低于對照組(P<0.05),提示尿沉渣分析儀聯(lián)合尿液干化學法檢測能減少誤診。單一的尿液干化學法檢測過程中可能由于藥物(呋喃坦啶)、甲醛等影響,造成檢測尿白細胞假陽性;另外,女性尿液被污染、尿液標本上皮細胞過多等,亦可導致假陽性,導致誤診。聯(lián)合尿沉渣分析儀檢測能避免藥物、尿液白帶污染等的影響,可有效避免誤診,從而大大降低誤診率。
綜上所述,尿液干化學法結合尿沉渣鏡檢法可降低白細胞檢測的漏診率、誤診率及錯誤率,有效提高檢測價值。
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(收稿日期:2020-02-26)
[基金項目]江西省宜春市科技計劃項目(JXYC2017KSC031)