黃雪
摘 要:基于綿陽市1954—2016年氣象資料數(shù)據(jù),采用線性趨勢法、滑動平均法、變差系數(shù)法、累積距平法、Mann-kendall 檢驗(yàn)法和小波分析法,分析了綿陽市近60年氣候變化特征,探討了氣候變化的原因。結(jié)果表明:近60年來綿陽市年降水量處于減少趨勢,下降速率為-33.06 mm/10a。綿陽市降水量季節(jié)變化趨勢和幅度并不一致,春季在波動中略有上升,夏季、秋季、冬季呈波動下降趨勢。年平均氣溫處于增長趨勢,增溫速率為0.168 ℃/10 a,上升速率最大的是冬季;其次為秋季,再次為春季,最小為夏季。并對氣溫和降水的變化趨勢的原因進(jìn)行了簡要分析,表明綿陽市溫度呈上升趨勢以及降水處于下降趨勢可能的原因是城市人口的增加、城市面積的擴(kuò)大,以及綿陽市城市經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展尤其是第二產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展。
關(guān)鍵詞:氣候變化;趨勢分析;m-k突變檢驗(yàn);小波分析;綿陽市
中圖分類號:P467? ? ? ? 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識碼:A ? ? ? 文章編號:1003-5168(2021)24-0104-06
Analysis of Characteristics of Climate Change in Mianyang City in Recent 60 Years
HUANG Xue
(College of Geography and Environment,Baoji University of Arts and Sciences, Key Laboratory of Disaster Monitoring and Mechanism Simulating of Shaanxi Province,? Baoji? Shaanxi? 721013 )
Abstract: Based on meteorological data from 1954 to 2016 in Mianyang City, using the least-squares method, moving average, coefficient of variation, cumulative anomaly method, Mann-Kendall test method and wavelet analysis method, the characteristics of climate change in recent 60 years were analyzed and influencing factors were discussed. The results show that the annual precipitation in a decreasing trend and the decreasing rate is -33.06mm/10a. The seasonal variation trend and amplitude of precipitation are not consistent, with a slight increase in spring and a fluctuating decrease trend in summer, autumn and winter. The annual mean temperature was on an increasing trend with a warming rate of 0.168℃/10a, and the increasing rate was the largest in winter. The second is autumn, the second is spring, and the minimum is summer. The reasons for the trend of temperature and precipitation change are analyzed briefly that the possible reasons are the increase of urban population, the expansion of urban area and the development of urban economy, especially the development of the secondary industry.
Keywords: climate change; trend analysis; mann-kendall test; wavelet analysis; Mianyang city
氣候是自然地理環(huán)境的重要組成部分,與人類社會關(guān)系十分緊密,其任何變化均會對自然生態(tài)系統(tǒng)、社會經(jīng)濟(jì)系統(tǒng)和人類健康產(chǎn)生深遠(yuǎn)的影響[1]。自1988年氣候系統(tǒng)暖化的問題一經(jīng)提出便引起全球的廣泛關(guān)注,聯(lián)合國政府間氣候變化專門委員會(IPCC)第五次評估報(bào)告(AR5)顯示,1880—2012年,全球地表平均溫度上升0.85 ℃。與全球氣候變化趨勢一致,1880年以來中國也有明顯的升溫,增溫速率為0.05~0.08 ℃/10 a,1951—2009年,升溫速率達(dá)到0.23 ℃/10 a,平均氣溫增加1.38 ℃[2]。近100年來,唐國利等[3]指出,我國氣溫上升速率為0.08 ℃/10 a,比同期全球水平高,冬春季節(jié)增溫比較明顯。2005年任國玉等[4]研究顯示,近半個世紀(jì)來,我國地表增溫速率達(dá)到0.22 ℃/10 a,增溫幅度為1.1 ℃,比同期全球平均增溫速率高。王紹武等[5]認(rèn)為自20世紀(jì)以來我國氣溫以0.44 ℃/10 a的速率上升,1990年代是明顯的溫暖期。氣候變化給全球的自然環(huán)境和社會環(huán)境造成了一系列不利的影響,如氣溫升高導(dǎo)致的冰雪融化;影響全球的水循環(huán);糧食產(chǎn)量受到威脅;氣候變化還會增加極端氣候事件發(fā)生的頻次和強(qiáng)度;氣候變化危害生物多樣性和人類的健康問題[6-10]。