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      隴東旱塬區(qū)耐密宜機(jī)械粒收玉米品種的篩選

      2020-10-09 10:35:31張鎧鵬續(xù)創(chuàng)業(yè)朱曉惠王甲璽黨翼張建軍
      甘肅農(nóng)業(yè)科技 2020年9期

      張鎧鵬 續(xù)創(chuàng)業(yè) 朱曉惠 王甲璽 黨翼 張建軍

      摘要:2019年對(duì)從不同生態(tài)區(qū)引進(jìn)的11個(gè)玉米品種的生育期、植株性狀、產(chǎn)量及籽粒直收質(zhì)量指標(biāo)(破籽率、雜質(zhì)率、機(jī)械損失率)進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià)。結(jié)果表明,強(qiáng)盛12、隴單606、先玉335和陜單650適宜在隴東旱塬區(qū)作為籽粒機(jī)收玉米品種。

      關(guān)鍵詞:隴東旱塬區(qū);耐密;籽粒機(jī)收;粒收質(zhì)量

      中圖分類號(hào):S513? ? ? ? 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼:A? ? ? ? 文章編號(hào):1001-1463(2020)09-0047-05

      doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-1463.2020.09.012

      Abstract:With family health Pinellia ternata, hairiness and rot as materials, The separation, purification, microscopic examination, reconnection and drug sensitivity tests of Fusarium oxysporum and Erwiniella which caused Pinellia rottensis were carried out. The results showed that the isolates of Fusarium oxysporum were isolated from the Pinellia ternata and Pinellia ternata, and the Erwinia spp. were isolated from the Pinellia ternata and rotten Pinellia. The test of two bacteria showed that the incidence of Fusarium oxysporum was 0, the incidence rate of Pinellia ternata was 75%, the incidence rate of Erwinia rot was 20%, and the germination rate of Pinellia ternata was 60%, and inoculated with Fusarium oxysporum first, and with Erwiniella after 3 days. The incidence rate of rot disease was 90% after inoculation with Erwinia spp., and the germination rate of Pinellia ternate was 20%. Through drug sensitivity test and pot experiment, it was found that Fusarium oxysporum was sensitive to three azole pesticide, and that Erwinia was sensitive to allicin and had good control effect. Conclusion: the canker of Pinellia ternata is caused by the compound infection of Fusarium oxysporum and Erwinia.

      Key words:Erwinia;Fusarium oxysporum;Co-infection;Pinellia ternate rot

      玉米作為隴東旱塬區(qū)的第二大作物,其產(chǎn)量對(duì)糧食總產(chǎn)有很大貢獻(xiàn),由于本地區(qū)傳統(tǒng)種植以稀植大穗、生育期長(zhǎng)的玉米品種為主,密度一般在4.50萬(wàn)~5.25萬(wàn)株/hm2,平均密度4.9萬(wàn)株/hm2,距密植6.0萬(wàn)~7.5萬(wàn)株/hm2尚有差距[1 - 2 ]。玉米收獲仍以人工摘穗收獲為主,機(jī)械穗收為次,兩者都經(jīng)晾干后人工或者機(jī)械脫粒,存在生產(chǎn)勞動(dòng)成本高、經(jīng)濟(jì)效益低等問(wèn)題[3 ]。機(jī)械粒收可有效提高作業(yè)效率,降低生產(chǎn)成本,是未來(lái)玉米生產(chǎn)轉(zhuǎn)方式、增效益的主要方向,因此篩選適宜隴東地區(qū)全膜雙壟溝播的機(jī)械粒收耐密玉米成為調(diào)整當(dāng)?shù)赜衩追N植結(jié)構(gòu),助力農(nóng)民增收的首要問(wèn)題[4 - 5 ]。我們于2019年在甘肅省涇川縣平?jīng)鍪修r(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院高平試驗(yàn)站進(jìn)行玉米品種篩選試驗(yàn),現(xiàn)將結(jié)果報(bào)道如下。

      1? ?材料與方法

      1.1? ?供試材料

      參試玉米品種11個(gè),包括新玉108(新疆農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院糧食作物研究所)、MC703(北京市農(nóng)林科學(xué)院玉米中心)、九圣禾2468(九圣禾種業(yè)股份有限公司)、陜單650(西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué))、瑞普909(山西現(xiàn)代種業(yè)科技有限公司)、強(qiáng)盛12(山西強(qiáng)盛種業(yè)有限公司)、聯(lián)創(chuàng)825(北京聯(lián)創(chuàng)種業(yè)股份有限公司)、陜單606(甘肅省農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院作物研究所)、銀玉439(寧夏農(nóng)林科學(xué)院作物研究所)、銀玉274(寧夏農(nóng)林科學(xué)院作物研究所)、先玉335(敦煌種業(yè)先鋒良種有限公司)。

      1.2? ?試驗(yàn)區(qū)概況

      試驗(yàn)在平?jīng)鲛r(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院高平試驗(yàn)站進(jìn)行。該地區(qū)海拔1 320 m,年均氣溫9.3 ℃,年均降水量583.5 mm,年蒸發(fā)量1 384 mm,無(wú)霜期172 d。試驗(yàn)地土壤為覆蓋黑壚土, 無(wú)灌溉條件。

      1.3? ?試驗(yàn)方法

      按全膜雙壟溝技術(shù)規(guī)范(寬壟70 cm、窄壟40 cm)機(jī)械覆膜種植,控釋氮肥(折算為N 225.0 kg/hm2)、磷肥(折算為P2O5 180.0 kg/hm2)和農(nóng)家肥(折算為N 48.0 kg/hm2、P2O5 13.6 kg/hm2、K2O 840.0 kg/hm2)覆膜前一次性基施,每個(gè)品種按照75 000株/hm2播種,生育期不再追施氮肥。每品種種植0.133 hm2。4月23日種植,10月19日收獲。

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