李紫薇

1. rubbish n. 垃圾;廢物

Lin Tao takes out the rubbish to the dustbin every day. 林濤每天把垃圾倒進(jìn)垃圾箱。

【拓展】 litter， waste， garbage， trash， junk， rubbish均含“廢物，垃圾”之意。

（1） litter指公共場(chǎng)所亂丟物品的總稱，如：紙片、塑料袋、飲料瓶、易拉罐等。

（2） waste指“廢物，垃圾”的總稱，指任何被丟棄的東西。

（3） garbage和trash意思相近，既指垃圾，也指沒(méi)有價(jià)值的東西，trash也可指人。

（4） junk指老舊過(guò)時(shí)的破爛物件，只是沒(méi)有扔掉。

（5） rubbish為普通用詞，指任何成堆的、破損的、用過(guò)的或無(wú)用的東西，尤指棄掉的垃圾堆，也可作引申用。

2. lend vt. 把……借給;貸（款）;貢獻(xiàn)，給予

—Can I borrow your bike？ 我能借你的自行車嗎？

—Sorry， I lent it to Tom just now. 抱歉，我剛剛借給湯姆了。

【拓展】 lend & borrow

lend指“借出”，與to 連用。

He lent his bike to me last week. 他上星期把自行車借給了我。

borrow指“借入”，與from 連用。

I borrowed a bike from him last week. 上星期我向他借了一輛自行車。

3. develop v. 發(fā)展;發(fā)育;開發(fā)

China can not develop without the world. 中國(guó)的發(fā)展離不開世界。

【拓展】 developing adj. 發(fā)展中的;developed adj. 發(fā)展過(guò)的;發(fā)達(dá)的;development n. 生長(zhǎng)，發(fā)展

China is a developing country. 中國(guó)是一個(gè)發(fā)展中國(guó)家。

The company developed rapidly under his administration. 在他的管理下，公司發(fā)展得很快。

This is an important stage in our country's development. 這是我國(guó)發(fā)展的重要階段。

4. provide vt. & vi. 提供，供給，供應(yīng)

We provide nice food for them. They were very happy. 我們?yōu)樗麄兲峁┟牢兜氖澄?，他們非常高興。

【拓展】 （1） provide sb. with sth. / provide sth. for sb. 向某人提供某物。

Our parents are willing to provide money and food for us students. 父母愿意為我們學(xué)生提供錢和食物。

=Our parents are willing to provide us students with money and food.

（2） offer也表示“提供”，但結(jié)構(gòu)有所不同，常用于offer sb. sth. 或者offer sth. to sb. 結(jié)構(gòu)中，意為“為某人提供某物”。

The government offered the flooded area a lot of food and clothes. 政府為災(zāi)區(qū)提供了許多食物和衣服。

=The government offered a lot of food and clothes to the flooded area.

5. neither adv. 也不pron. 兩者都不adj. 兩者都不的

For one week， she did not do any housework and neither did I. 有一個(gè)星期，她什么家務(wù)都不做，我也是。

【拓展】 neither did I是“Neither / nor+助動(dòng)詞 / be動(dòng)詞 / 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)，表示前者所描述的否定情況同樣適用于后者，neither在此用作副詞，表示“也不”。

—I don't like this dress. 我不喜歡這條裙子。

—Neither do I. 我也不喜歡。

Neither team is doing well. 兩個(gè)隊(duì)表現(xiàn)得都不好。

6. while conj. 雖然;然而;當(dāng)……的時(shí)候

I'll finish my homework while you help me with the dishes. 你幫我洗碗，我來(lái)做作業(yè)。

【拓展】 when和while引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句均表示“當(dāng)……時(shí)候”，when既可以指“時(shí)間點(diǎn)”，與瞬間動(dòng)詞連用，也可以指“時(shí)間段”，與延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞連用（=while）。while表示時(shí)間段，因此，while從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，as強(qiáng)調(diào)兩個(gè)動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，表示“一邊……一邊……”。

When he came in， his mother was cooking. 他進(jìn)來(lái)的時(shí)候，他媽媽正在做飯。

Please don't talk so loud while others are working.別人工作的時(shí)候請(qǐng)不要這么大聲說(shuō)話。

When / While we were at school， we went to the library every day. 當(dāng)我們?cè)趯W(xué)校時(shí)，我們每天都去圖書館。

7. depend vi. 依賴，依靠;取決于;相信，信賴

We shouldn't always depend on our parents. 我們不應(yīng)該總是依賴父母。

【拓展】 depend on / upon意為“取決于……;由……決定;依靠”。

You can accept or refuse the gift. It depends on your personal choice. 你可以接受或拒絕禮物，這取決于你個(gè)人的選擇。

8. since prep. 自從;在…之后 conj. 自從……以來(lái);自從……以后;因?yàn)?既然 adv. 從此;后來(lái)

He has studied very hard since he came to our school. 自從他來(lái)到我們學(xué)校，他學(xué)習(xí)就非常努力。

Since this method doesn't work， let's try another. 既然這種方法不行，我們就試用另一種吧。

【拓展】 since 用法小結(jié)

（1） since作為介詞

He left the village in 1982 and I haven't seen him since then. 1982年他離開這個(gè)村子，從那以后我再?zèng)]見(jiàn)過(guò)他。

（2） since作為副詞

He left home two weeks ago and we haven't heard from him since. 他兩周前離開了家，到現(xiàn)在我們一直沒(méi)有他的消息。

（3） since作為連詞

He didn't come since he was busy. 他因?yàn)槊?，所以沒(méi)有來(lái)。

（4） since引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句

He has studied very hard since he came to our school. 自從他來(lái)到我們學(xué)校，他學(xué)習(xí)就非常努力。

（5） since在固定句型中

“It is / has been+時(shí)間+since+持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去時(shí)”表示“自從……以來(lái)到現(xiàn)在已有多久”。

It has been quite some time since I was last in London. 我上次離開倫敦至今頗有一段時(shí)間了。

“It was+時(shí)間+since+持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去完成時(shí)”表示“從……到過(guò)去某時(shí)間點(diǎn)以來(lái)”。

It was three years since we had been here. 那時(shí)我們?cè)谶@兒已呆了三年。

9. as soon as

as soon as表示“一……就……”。

My mom came over as soon as I sat down in front of the TV. 我一坐到電視機(jī)前，媽媽就過(guò)來(lái)了。

【溫馨提示】 as soon as引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，表示“一……就……”，要遵從“主將從現(xiàn)”的原則，即主句用一般將來(lái)時(shí)，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。

I will go as soon as she arrives. 她一到我就走。

10. in order to

in order to意為“為了……”，后面跟動(dòng)詞不定式，作目的狀語(yǔ)。in order to可位于句中或者句首。

He got up earlier in order to get to school on time. 為了準(zhǔn)時(shí)到校，他起得很早。

【拓展】 in order not to do sth. 意為“為了不做某事”。

In order not to make his mother angry， he decided to give up playing computer games. 為了不惹媽媽生氣，他決定放棄玩電腦游戲。

【隨堂檢測(cè)】

一、根據(jù)句意及首字母提示補(bǔ)全單詞。

1. My teacher asks us to s___ the floor of our classroom every day.

2. He often helps his mother do the d___ after dinner at home.

3. My father often takes out the r___ to the dustbin when he goes to work every morning.

4. Mother will be angry to find the house in such a m___.

5. The teacher is teaching the children to f_ ?_ the paper planes.

二、根據(jù)句意及漢語(yǔ)提示補(bǔ)全單詞。

1. Our country is ___ （發(fā)展） at a high speed.

2. We ___ （供應(yīng)） nice food for them. They were very happy.

3. The ___ （壓力） of her job caused her to lose sleep.

4. ___ （不管怎樣）， you must finish it today.

5. ___ （既然） you have come here， please sit down and have a drink.

三、用方框中所給短語(yǔ)的適當(dāng)形式填空。

help out， depend on， get a ride， go to the movies， clean the living room

1. It's unfair just to ___ one person to do the work.

2. Sandy likes ___ with her friends in her free time because the movies can make her relaxed.

3. After ___， I began to clean up the kitchen together with my younger brother.

4. There was something wrong with my car. I wanted to ___.

5. I had difficulty with the three things. I hoped you could ___ with them.