中國科技日新月異

在2018年的中國科學(xué)院、中國工程院院士大會(huì)上，國家主席習(xí)近平表示，這些年來，我國科技事業(yè)實(shí)現(xiàn)了歷史性、整體性、格局性重大變化。重大創(chuàng)新成果競相涌現(xiàn)，一些前沿方向開始進(jìn)入并行、領(lǐng)跑階段。

創(chuàng)新是第一動(dòng)力，因此，習(xí)近平總書記提出要提供高質(zhì)量科技供給，著力支撐現(xiàn)代化經(jīng)濟(jì)體系建設(shè)。

一項(xiàng)重大創(chuàng)新便是雜交水稻。1970年，農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)家袁隆平培育出了第一個(gè)雜交水稻品種，如今近半個(gè)世紀(jì)過去，截至2018年年底，已有40多個(gè)國家種植了超過700萬公頃的雜交水稻。

2019年1月，中國科學(xué)家宣布，通過體細(xì)胞克隆技術(shù)，從一只經(jīng)過基因編輯的獼猴身上，成功獲得5只生物節(jié)律紊亂的克隆猴。這是國際上首次從一只經(jīng)過基因編輯的猴子身上，成功獲得一批用于生物醫(yī)學(xué)研究的克隆猴。這些克隆猴都誕生于上海的中國科學(xué)院神經(jīng)科學(xué)研究所。

中國科學(xué)院院長白春禮表示，掌握核心技術(shù)，增強(qiáng)中國創(chuàng)新能力，一直都是中科院的主要任務(wù)，2019年也是中科院建院70周年。白春禮認(rèn)為，要增加國家科技實(shí)力，就必須學(xué)會(huì)用有限資源解決重大問題。

盡管取得了諸多成就，但武漢大學(xué)校長竇賢康認(rèn)為，中國仍缺乏芯片等核心科技領(lǐng)域方面的技術(shù)，阻礙了國家社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展?！耙朔@些發(fā)展障礙，首先要吸引并建設(shè)一支年輕、高素質(zhì)的人才隊(duì)伍，”他表示，“第二是加大人力資源投入，獲得更多政府支持。解決這些瓶頸問題的確需要耐心和時(shí)間，但我相信未來這些問題會(huì)逐漸減少?！保▽O曄供稿）

During a general assembly of China’s top scientists and engineers in 2018, President Xi Jinping said “historic, holistic, and structural” changes had taken place in the science and technology sector in recent years.

Many innovations have allowed China to catch up with other scientific powerhouses or even lead in certain frontier feilds, Xi said.

As innovation is the driving force of development, Xi said efforts must be made to ensure high-quality science and technology to support the development of a modern economy.

A significant example is hybrid rice. Almost half a century has passed since agricultural scientist Yuan Longping developed the first strain in 1970, and by the end of 2018 farmers in more than 40 countries had planted 7 million hectares of the crop.

In January of 2019, Chinese scientists announced the cloning of five monkeys from a gene-edited macaque with circadian rhythm disorders.

It was the first time multiple monkeys had been cloned from a geneedited monkey for biomedical research.The cloned monkeys were born at the Chinese Academy of Science’s Institute of Neuroscience in Shanghai.

Bai Chunli, the academy’s president, said the idea of obtaining core technologies and improving China’s innovative capacity has been the key mission for the academy, which is also celebrating its 70th birthday in 2019.

Bai said to enhance the nation’s scientifci power, China needs to learn how to tackle major challenges with limited resources.

Despite these achievements, Dou Xiankang, president of Wuhan University, said China was still lacking in key technological fields, such as microchips, which could hinder the nation’s socioeconomic development. “To overcome these obstacles, the first thing is to attract and build a team of young, high-quality talented people,” he said.

“The second is to increase investment in human capital, as well as more government support. Solving these bottleneck issues will certainly require patience and time, but I am sure we will have fewer such issues in the future.”