Yulong SHI, Xue LI, Rujing YANG, Jin HUANG, Yi ZHANG

1. Ya’an Forestry Bureau, Ya’an 625000, China; 2. Baoxing Forestry Bureau, Ya’an 625700, China

Abstract In recent years, the concept of "Lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets" has been deeply rooted in the hearts of the people, however, China is still a country with little forest and fragile ecology. This paper expounds the present situation of environmental protection in China, analyzes the main problems and deficiencies in afforestation, puts forward the function of afforestation construction, and makes strategic thinking on environmental protection and afforestation work.

Key words Afforestation, Environmental protection, Forestry technology

1 Introduction

With the rapid development of China’s economy, constantly meeting the growing needs of people for a better life has gone beyond material needs and social needs, and now people pay more attention to psychological needs. There is also more and more attention to the protection of the ecological environment, which requires strengthening the planting of green plants. It is not only conducive to air purification, but also able to beautify the environment[1]. The 18th CPC National Congress proposed "vigorously promoting the construction of ecological civilization". The 19th CPC National Congress pointed out that we should speed up the reform of the ecological civilization system and build a beautiful China. Therefore, in order to maintain the balance of the ecological environment and effectively play the role of environmental protection, we need to pay attention to afforestation to create a more stable and sustainable ecological environment for human survival. Based on this, it is necessary to strengthen the research and analysis of forestry technology after carrying out afforestation, so as to promote the more coordinated development of the local ecological environment and the natural environment.

2 The problems of environmental protection in China

China’s environmental protection work started relatively late, people’s awareness of environmental protection is not strong[2]. Since the 20th century, with the rise of industry, people have made excessive use of resources, carried out mining without regulations or plans, and endlessly destroyed the natural environment while developing the economy, resulting in ecological imbalance, and environmental pollution is becoming more and more serious. Especially air pollution and water pollution make the living environment and living standards of human beings affected and destroyed to varying degrees.

2.1 Problem of resource utilization and economic developmentChina has a large population and a small quantity of resources per capita, so it is one of the small resource countries with a low level of per capita resources in the world. The population continues to grow, the cultivated land is decreasing, and the water supply capacity is tight. The shortage of energy is becoming more and more serious, mineral resources are insufficient, the foundation of reserve resources is weak, and the total demand for resources is expanding rapidly. The long-term shortage of all kinds of resources is the basic pattern of the contradiction between population and resources, economic growth and resource supply in our country. The shortage of resources will become the bottleneck of China’s economic development for a long time.

2.2 Problem of environmental damage and resource developmentWith the rapid development of our national economy, the rapid increase of population and the improvement of people’s living standards, the consumption of mineral resources as energy and raw materials will increase exponentially. Coal resources in China, as the most principal energy, account for about 75%, and will be the main energy of our country in the 21st century. However, in the process of mineral development, especially the development of coal resources, it has brought serious damage and pollution to the environment of the mining area while providing the country with a large quantity of energy resources, raw materials, creating huge material wealth and providing huge energy security for the rapid development of the national economy. In the areas dominated by the development of mineral resources, a large amount of water is needed in the process of mining, washing, smelting and so on. Therefore, a large amount of sewage and waste water will be discharged, resulting in serious water pollution.

2.3 Problem of economic development and environmental pollutionWith the further development of economy, the environmental pollution in our country is aggravating day by day, and it is a serious threat to the health of our urban residents, and even seriously restricts the reasonable development of our economy in the future. The serious environmental pollution in China is mainly from industrial waste discharge. With the rapid growth of economy and the improvement of residents’ living standards, there is a huge energy consumption, and the waste gas, waste water and solid waste are increasing day by day.

3 Forestry technology work after afforestation

Afforestation is not simply planting, and the process from the selection, adjustment, planting to logging of tree species is the goal of the whole afforestation. Afforestation is not merely greening, first of all, it is necessary to ensure that the greening project is carried out normally and follow the laws of nature. Only by using scientific and technical means to manage, cultivate high-quality trees and improve the quality of forestry in our country, can we improve the economic benefits of forestry. Therefore, the management after afforestation puts forward higher technical requirements for forestry practitioners and provides important help to the quality and effect of afforestation construction.

3.1 Ensuring the afforestation quality of seedlingsIn the process of afforestation, high-quality seedlings with strong plant, straight seedling stem, consistent specification, strong branches, full tissue and high degree of lignification should be selected[3]. Only in this way can the quality of raw materials be qualified, and afforestation with seedlings needs to transform some unsatisfactory residual forests[4]. It is necessary to consider the actual situation, follow the basic law of natural development, avoid deviating from the basic law of natural development so as to have an impact on the ecological balance and lead to unnecessary waste and so on. At the same time, the woodland with seedlings that have not yet emerged can be treated by fixed planting. If the seedlings have appeared, they need to be carefully managed and taken care of, the indicators and detailed records of the trees should be measured regularly, and reasonable planning should be made in accordance with the law of survival of the fittest. It is necessary to let some high-quality trees occupy better terrain and absorb more water and sunlight. After the completion of afforestation, attention should be paid to the growth of tree species. If the expected results can not be achieved, it is easy to produce aging problems or relatively single tree species in afforestation, a large area of diseases and pests and other problems, so that the stability of the forest system cannot meet the requirements. Therefore, we need to actively take improvement measures, not only to pay attention to the forest structure, but also to ensure the stable growth of the forest.

3.2 Scientific and rational management of treesEcological environment plays a very important role in the growth of trees and is an important factor affecting the growth quality of trees. Normally, the better the natural environment in which trees grow, the more conducive to the way and scope of tree management. Temperature environment, soil quality, soil depth, daily management, pest control and so on will seriously affect the growth quality of trees. It is necessary to manage forest resources scientifically and rationally, plan planting scientifically, ensure the phased demand of forests, ensure the quality of trees, strengthen later management, and deal with diseases and pests in a timely manner. The combination of natural environment and scientific management cannot only improve forest productivity, but also protect the ecological environment.

3.3 Making deforestation reasonable and appropriateAt present, the time of tree felling in China is still in the exploratory stage, and there is still a lot of room for correction and improvement. Therefore, we should be good at summing up experience and lessons to ensure that the logging work is carried out in a normal and orderly manner. For the felling of forests, it is necessary to clarify the scope of felling, the mode of manual operation, and carry out scientific forestry technology work. In the process of afforestation, it is a very important part to make reasonable felling time and scope according to different tree species. In this way, the felling of trees cannot only promote tree renewal, but also adjust the forest structure, and ensure the effective combination of economic and ecological benefits in the ecological forestry construction.

3.4 Adopting new technology to develop forestryAfter afforestation, it does not mean that the planting work is over, and the follow-up problems still exist. There is a need to adopt comprehensive new science and technology services and establish forestry science and technology service team[5]. It is also necessary to cultivate innovative talents and technology research team, take the improvement of innovation ability as the core, and actively give full play to the role of new forestry technology to promote the development of forestry. In the new era, science and technology should be used to promote the development of forestry. There are generally three requirements for the development of new science and technology: the first is to create a professional forestry technology team to effectively promote forestry technology work; the second is to strengthen the scientific and technological content of trees and summarize the new science and technology; the third is to strengthen grass-roots construction in forestry development, give support of new R & D equipment and funds, and give cash rewards to technical personnel with outstanding abilities. Forestry not only plays a role in greening, but also promotes the development of economy. How to achieve the best ecological and economic benefits by using new technology to develop forestry is a question to be considered after afforestation.

4 Conclusion

In summary, with the strengthening of environmental awareness, the development of forestry technology has attracted more and more attention. Afforestation is a huge project, and the forestry technology work after afforestation is also very important. It is necessary to increase investment in science and technology, improve the ideology of forestry personnel, and plant trees rationally in a scientific way. After the completion of planting, scientific maintenance should be carried out to improve the survival rate of trees, avoid great losses in the later maintenance process, and ensure the best use of the materials. It is necessary to make rational use of forest resources, prevent unnecessary waste, gradually break through the current situation of forestry development in China, open up a new pattern for sustainable forestry development,and ensure a win-win situation of both economic and ecological benefits[6].