劉凡力 徐露路 馬克強
寧波天一閣的檔案室里,至今珍藏著一本《來自中東歐的問候》。
2018年9月,25位中東歐作家受邀赴天一閣參加文學交流活動,在臨別留言中,塞爾維亞作家沃基斯拉 · 夫卡哈諾維奇這樣寫道:“書本可以穿越時空,讓我們的靈魂與先賢們相連。書藏古今的天一閣就是這樣一個‘時空隧道。這次與寧波的邂逅也將深深刻進我的靈魂。”
在這一關于中東歐的“專屬記憶”中,類似的真情告白不勝枚舉……
這是中國—中東歐國家合作機制建立十余年來雙方共同把握發(fā)展機遇又一成果。隨著新一屆的中國—中東歐國家博覽會在寧波的召開,一幅中國—中東歐國家人文交流的宏偉畫卷在東海之濱再度徐徐鋪開。
黃金“甬”道
從地理上看,中東歐北起波羅的海,南至地中海,是連接西歐和北歐的重要中轉站,大多數(shù)中東歐國家也是首批承認新中國的國家,與中國有著深厚的傳統(tǒng)友誼。而寧波則成為中國與中東歐國家的黃金“甬”道,承擔起了深化雙方友誼的“國家使命”。
2020年2月出臺的《關于建設寧波中國—中東歐國家經(jīng)貿(mào)合作示范區(qū)的總體方案》提出,努力把示范區(qū)建設成為推動“一帶一路”倡議并對接歐洲經(jīng)濟圈的新通道、承載中國—中東歐經(jīng)貿(mào)合作舉措的新平臺、地方探索國際合作制度創(chuàng)新的新高地。
此后,眾多合作項目在寧波落地。最為人津津樂道的是,美諾華藥業(yè)聯(lián)手斯洛文尼亞最大的制藥公司(Krka)在寧波成立合資公司。Krka公司具有技術、產(chǎn)品、歐洲市場的優(yōu)勢,而跟寧波的合作則可以幫助他們打開中國市場,讓更多優(yōu)質(zhì)藥品進入中國。
除了產(chǎn)業(yè)、市場可以優(yōu)勢互補外,人才交流同樣是寧波打造中國—中東歐“黃金通道”的核心抓手。寧波北侖充分發(fā)揮海外工程師協(xié)同創(chuàng)新中心這一人才優(yōu)勢,聚焦智能制造、高端模具、新材料等領域,全力推進全國首個“國家引進國外智力示范區(qū)”建設,把中東歐人才引進融入“國家使命”。
與此同時,北侖還充分用好自貿(mào)區(qū)平臺和政策,加快建設中東歐貿(mào)易物流園,推動進口保稅倉、跨境電商綜合服務平臺、出口監(jiān)管倉等成果釋放最大效用,以更靈活的海關監(jiān)管、更優(yōu)化的港口服務、更多元的貿(mào)易方式進一步打通貿(mào)易鏈條,力爭進口更多中東歐國家特色產(chǎn)品。
作為全國唯一的“17+1”經(jīng)貿(mào)合作示范區(qū),寧波正在成為中國和中東歐產(chǎn)業(yè)對接、經(jīng)貿(mào)合作的“橋頭堡”。一年前,寧波中東歐創(chuàng)新基地、中東歐國際產(chǎn)業(yè)合作園在余姚揭牌,彼時栽下的“梧桐樹”,終于引來了“金鳳凰”。
世界領先的防反射玻璃制造商拉脫維亞企業(yè)Groglass也向寧波伸出合作的橄欖枝。它的產(chǎn)品應用于許多全球知名的博物館展柜、畫框玻璃、豪華建筑,希望能通過寧波舉辦的線上對接會,找到中國的合作伙伴。
截至2020年年底,中東歐國家在寧波實際投資累計達5.63億美元,寧波在中東歐國家實際投資累計達9.88億美元,雙邊投資總量位居全國同類城市前列。
好物走進千家萬戶
口感醇厚的波蘭妙可牛奶、芬芳馥郁的保加利亞玫瑰水、浪漫剔透的捷克水晶……寧波的朋友,對這些中東歐進口商品并不陌生。隨著寧波進入“中東歐時間”,各種進口商品源源不斷地進入國內(nèi)。
走進寧波前灣綜合保稅區(qū)跨境電商展示中心,波蘭產(chǎn)乳制品、捷克和匈牙利產(chǎn)樂高玩具、羅馬尼亞產(chǎn)咖啡機……琳瑯滿目的中東歐商品映入眼簾。“這些進口商品在我們電商平臺上賣得特別好?!睂幉⒌觅忞娮由虅湛萍加邢薰究缇畴娚虡I(yè)務負責人說,今年前4個月,公司的中東歐進口額同比增長超過150%。
回眸寧波與中東歐國家的貿(mào)易往來,一連串喜人的數(shù)字映入眼簾。今年1~4月,寧波對中東歐17國進出口119.6億元,同比增長48.8%,其中進口增幅更是達到史無前例的241.2%。精致而實用的中東歐商品,正在不斷借道寧波,走遍全國的大街小巷。
“我們大學一畢業(yè)就開始做波蘭的進出口生意,2014年聽說寧波有中東歐國家特色商品展,就慕名來到這里。正好乘政策的東風,業(yè)務越做越紅火,每年能進口上萬件波蘭頭盔?!闭f起結緣寧波的經(jīng)歷,寧波柯維貿(mào)易有限公司負責人黃咚咚不禁打開了話匣子。
黃咚咚相中的明星產(chǎn)品,來自全球一線安防企業(yè)KZPT公司。它不僅能抵御烈火的考驗,還能抵擋重物的沖擊。如今,江蘇省90%以上的消防員,正是使用這款從寧波進口的波蘭頭盔,在火災險情中可以增強自我保護的防御力。
更為市民耳熟能詳?shù)?,莫過于波蘭牛奶、塞爾維亞嬰兒米粉、羅馬尼亞無花果可可醬……這些挑動味蕾的“人間美味”,無論是在寧波各大商超,還是在知名電商平臺,“出鏡率”都在成倍提高。
寧波還擁有全國覆蓋最全、品類最豐富的中東歐商品貿(mào)易促進平臺——中東歐國家特色商品常年展。它在全國設立了36家中東歐特色商品直銷中心,并與中東歐貿(mào)易物流園基地形成“前店后倉”的格局,讓好物美食走進千家萬戶。
進口火熱,出口穩(wěn)健。今年年初以來,慈溪民營企業(yè)借“一帶一路”東風,加快“走出去”步伐,“掘金”中東歐市場漸入佳境。今年前4個月,慈溪(含杭州灣新區(qū))與中東歐國家貿(mào)易額突破13億元,呈現(xiàn)良好增長態(tài)勢。其中,進口額1.24億元,增長48.93%;出口額12.06億元,增長20.36%。
寧波嘉樂智能科技股份有限公司加快新產(chǎn)品開發(fā),提升核心競爭力。今年前4個月,該公司出口匈牙利、捷克的空氣炸鍋總量同比增長近3倍?!白鳛槿蜃畲蟮目諝庹ㄥ仭甇DM生產(chǎn)基地,我們公司每年研發(fā)費用超過4000萬元,出口產(chǎn)品全部通過第三方檢測機構認證??蛻魧Ξa(chǎn)品質(zhì)量認可度高,訂單下得也多。”公司銷售負責人張騫說。
目前,在慈溪(含杭州灣新區(qū))及其周邊地區(qū)已形成較為完整的整車和零配件生產(chǎn)供應鏈。據(jù)統(tǒng)計,今年前4個月,慈溪(含杭州灣新區(qū))出口匈牙利、斯洛伐克等中東歐國家的汽車零配件超過2000萬元,同比增長61.76%。
人文交流的重要載體
在老外灘濱江外馬路一帶,百余個展位展銷著歐洲廚師現(xiàn)場制作的美食、中東歐國家商品、中東歐咖啡紅酒、捷克啤酒、浙江“百縣千碗”美食、寧波農(nóng)家小吃等。
在第二屆“舌尖上的相遇——中東歐美食與‘詩畫浙江 · 百縣千碗人文交流活動”的現(xiàn)場, 來自塞爾維亞、保加利亞的外交官現(xiàn)場烹制著本國特色美食,進行線上直播;與中國烹飪協(xié)會國際美食委員會攜手,共同舉辦中東歐美食挑戰(zhàn)賽;舉辦歐洲古典油畫精品展;組織中西文化演藝……
在充滿異域風情的老外灘街區(qū)里,鬧中取靜的中東歐之家就設立在離主道路不遠的二橫街上。門前的磚瓦屋檐上,陳列著中東歐各國的旗幟;而內(nèi)部的木質(zhì)墻面上,則展示著中東歐國家的特色商品。這間位于老外灘的門店,也是中東歐之家品牌實體化運營后的首家門店。運營一年以來,中東歐之家已經(jīng)漸漸打響了品牌,從老外灘輻射全國,構筑起和中東歐國家雙邊交流的窗口。
當然,中東歐之家除了中東歐商品的推介和經(jīng)貿(mào)交流,還通過定期舉辦中東歐產(chǎn)品展、美食節(jié)、文化交流會、旅游推介會等系列活動,宣講中國—中東歐故事、承接雙邊文化旅游等多領域業(yè)務,搭建起雙邊文化交流橋梁,進一步推動雙邊文化“引進來”“走出去”。
文化交流讓市民和客商更加了解中東歐國家,并以此促進經(jīng)貿(mào)合作,構筑起雙邊交流的互動平臺。
中國和中東歐國家的合作,離不開雙邊文化的交流互動,勇?lián)姑膶幉ㄒ苍谶@一方面先人一步。眼下,寧波正如火如荼地開展“中東歐品牌文化月”,不斷提升市民對中東歐品牌與文化的認知。
“我們聯(lián)合寧波的5所高校,讓中東歐的品牌在老師、學生、家長心中‘種草,未來還將覆蓋杭州、武漢、重慶等地。5月,我們還參與了鎮(zhèn)海蛟川雙語小學的雙語文化節(jié),讓孩子們用英語介紹中東歐的美食風情?!睂幉ㄐ沦Q(mào)供應鏈有限公司副總經(jīng)理陳志光介紹道。
陳志光所在的公司,還運營著一個服務外商引進的重要平臺——中國(寧波)中東歐青年創(chuàng)業(yè)創(chuàng)新中心。接下來,他們想打造中東歐品牌館,并通過出版《中東歐指北》手冊、舉辦短視頻大賽、中東歐文化知識競賽,促進文化的交融創(chuàng)新。
目前,寧波已與中東歐國家22座城市建立友好關系,實現(xiàn)中東歐17國全覆蓋,并與中東歐78所院校建立合作關系或姐妹學校關系。相信待到疫情好轉,寧波和中東歐國家的友誼“種子”終將根深葉茂、鮮花盛放。
“文化和藝術是體現(xiàn)情感表達、人民精神、民族理念、歷史傳承的最佳方式,可以深化不同國家人民的相互理解和友誼?!毕ED國家歌劇院董事會主席瓦西里斯 · 卡拉米扎尼斯認為,中東歐國家和中國豐富精彩的文化交流活動,將向世界展現(xiàn)交相輝映的互鑒之美。
攜手共謀發(fā)展
“這是我們第一次與中國對接,除了一對一的買賣洽談外,還希望借助寧波發(fā)達的跨境電商營銷網(wǎng)絡,幫助我們搭建渠道,打開中國大市場?!卑雮€月前,阿爾巴尼亞的乳企負責人Kledis Qevani第一次上線中國—阿爾巴尼亞農(nóng)產(chǎn)品進出口貿(mào)易對接會,就對寧波直抒胸臆。
直到今年2月峰會,阿爾巴尼亞才與中國簽訂進口乳品檢驗檢疫協(xié)議。當前阿爾巴尼亞還沒有一家企業(yè)與中國開展乳制品貿(mào)易,這也使得阿方廠商借道寧波、“尋路中國”的心情更為迫切。
“寧波當?shù)闷疬@樣的期待!”“過來人”波蘭投資貿(mào)易局中國區(qū)駐華代表安德烈斯 · 尤德良倒是云淡風輕。作為首批拿到乳制品“入場券”的中東歐國家,幾年前,波蘭牛奶正是經(jīng)由寧波,打開了波瀾壯闊的中國市場。
于波蘭而言,“甬”字本身,就意味著通往中國大市場的“黃金通道”。作為“一帶一路”的節(jié)點城市,寧波更是早已意識到必須把握中國—中東歐合作這一千載難逢的機遇,在為國家服務的過程中又被國家賦能。
去年,受疫情影響,全球商務活動受到相應的影響。9月,寧波市商務局與波蘭投資貿(mào)易局、中國銀行三方攜手,舉辦中東歐國家中小企業(yè)跨境撮合線上對接會(波蘭專場)活動。這令尤德良贊不絕口,“在全球中小企業(yè)經(jīng)營受疫情強烈沖擊的背景下,寧波主動打造跨國合作交流平臺,發(fā)力精準,體現(xiàn)了‘首選之地的作為與擔當?!?/p>
他不知道的是,在直通中東歐的“寧波特快”上,類似的屏上“相親”早已成了標配。去年6月,在全球疫情暴發(fā)的背景下,寧波率先推出“中東歐商品云上展”,來自塞爾維亞、波蘭等10個中東歐國家的外交官,進入直播間變身“全球好貨推薦官”推銷本國商品,不少產(chǎn)品上架數(shù)秒就被一掃而空。兩天中,外交官直播的累計觀看人數(shù)超過200萬人。
此后,這一模式被廣泛借鑒,成為中東歐商品入華的一大標志。
不謀全局者,不足以謀一域。面對中華民族偉大復興的戰(zhàn)略全局,面對世界百年未有之大變局,寧波人清醒地意識到,“只有真正融入‘國家使命,才是寧波謀劃中東歐工作的基本出發(fā)點”。
Greetings from Central and Eastern Europe
By Liu Fanli Xu Lulu Ma keqiang
Lying in the archives of Tianyi Pavilion in Ningbo city, there is a special guestbook filled with “greetings from Central and Eastern Europe”.
“Books can travel through time and link our souls with the sages of the past. With its impressive book collections, Tianyi Pavilion is such a ‘time tunnel. This trip to Ningbo will be etched in my soul as well," wrote Serbian writer Vojislav Kahanovic in the guestbook. He was among a group of 25 writers from Central and Eastern Europe invited to attend a series of literary exchanges at Tianyi Pavilion in September 2018.
Kahanovics message is just one of the many “special messages” from Central and Eastern Europe recorded in the guestbook and a testament to the consolidation of traditional friendship between China and Central and Eastern European countries (CEEC) since the two sides established cooperation mechanism more than a decade ago. It is also a result of Ningbos commitment to deepening reform and opening-up. As the second China and Central and Eastern European Countries Expo, or China-CEEC Expo, opens in Ningbo, cultural and people-to-people exchanges will be further boosted.
Geographically, Central and Eastern Europe roughly covers an area extending from the Baltic Sea in the north to the Mediterranean Sea in the south, and is an important transit point connecting Western and Northern Europe. In fact, most of the CEEC were among the first to recognize the Peoples Republic of China. A key port along the Belt and Road, Ningbo city, on the other hand, has become a “golden channel” through which China and CEEC cooperate in trade, investment and many other areas.
As the only demonstration zone for China-CEEC trade cooperation set up in June 2018, Ningbo has been attracting Central and Eastern European investors since then. Among the many collaborative projects that have been implemented, one of the most notable is the joint venture between Ningbo Menovo Pharmaceutical and Krka, Slovenias largest pharmaceutical company; through this joint venture, Krka is able to bring its advanced technology and quality products to the vast Chinese market.
Groglass, one of the worlds leading manufacturers of anti-?reflective coatings on glass headquartered in Latvia, is also looking for Chinese partners through online trade fairs held in Ningbo.
By the end of 2020, actual investment from CEEC in Ningbo reached 563 million US dollars, and actual investment from Ningbo in CEEC reached 988 million US dollars. Milk from Poland, rose water from Bulgaria, crystals from Czech, Lego toys from Hungary, coffee machines from Romania…more and more Central and Eastern European products are introduced into Ningbo, and into China via Ningbo. “They are among those that are most popular with our customers,” according to Ningbo Leadgo E-Commerce Co. Ltd., a company specialized in cross-border e-commerce: its import volume from CEEC increased by 150% year-on-year in the first quarter of 2021.
Indeed, Ningbos overall import and export to CEEC in the first quarter of 2021 stood at 11.96 billion yuan, up 48.8% year-on-year; in fact, its import growth rate reached an unprecedented 241.2%. “Weve been doing import and export business with Poland since graduation,” said Huang Dongdong, CEO of Ningbo Kevi Trade Co. Ltd., “and we came to Ningbo in 2014 after learning of the exhibition for products from the CEEC, and have settled down in the city without hesitation.” Huangs company is now importing over 10,000 helmets from Poland every year, and more than 90% of firefighters in Jiangsu province wear the helmet, which can withstand not only intense heat but also the impact of heavy objects.
Kevis burgeoning business has also benefited from the Permanent Exhibition of CEEC Featured Commodities in Ningbo, Chinas largest CEEC trade promotion platform with the most diversified products. A total of 36 direct selling centers have been set up all over China through the platform, bringing all sorts of goods in Ningbos CEEC trade logistics center directly to the customers.
While Ningbos import from the CEEC is booming, its export to the area is experiencing steady progress as well. For instance, private businesses in Cixi district have been making considerable inroads into the CEEC market since early 2021, thanks to the policy support of the Belt and Road Initiative. The first quarter of 2021 saw Cixis export to CEEC grow by 48.93%, with the total export volume standing at 124 million yuan. In the same period, Cixi saw the value of its auto parts export to Hungary and Slovakia, among other Central and Eastern European countries, exceeded 20 million, a 61.76% year-on-year increase.
Apart from trade and investment, cultural exchanges and communications constitute another major part of cooperation between China and CEEC. Ningbo has also taken the lead in this regard. A series of cultural events, including food festivals, painting exhibitions and performances, has been held. Right now, the “CEEC Brands Cultural Month” is underway, which it is hoped will improve the publics awareness of brands from CEEC and help them learn more about the regions culture.
At present, Ningbo has established friendly relations with 22 cities in Central and Eastern Europe, covering all 17 countries in the area, and its colleges and universities have established cooperative or sister school relations with 78 colleges and universities in Central and Eastern Europe. As Vassilis Karamizanis, chairman of the board of directors of the Greek National Opera, once said: “Culture and arts are the best ways to show peoples emotions, the national spirit, its ideology and history. They will help deepen mutual understanding and friendship between people from different countries.”