V-ing形式作賓語和表語

王歡歡

V-ing形式可相當(dāng)于名詞，在句中作賓語和表語，現(xiàn)就此講解如下。

一、作賓語

1. V-ing形式可用作動詞的賓語

Lucy completed writing her paper yesterday. 露西昨天完成了論文的寫作。

Ted suggested organizing a trip to the Great Wall this summer. 泰德建議在今年夏天組織一次去長城的旅行。

只能接V-ing形式作賓語的動詞有：admit， appreciate， avoid， consider， delay， deny， dislike， enjoy， escape， excuse， fancy， finish， forgive， imagine， involve， include， keep， mention， mind， miss， pardon， postpone， practise， quit， risk， suggest等。

I appreciate your waiting in line for your turn like others. 我很感激你像別人一樣排隊等待。

Have you considered exploring the mountain this weekend？ 你這個周末考慮過登山了嗎？

They postponed making the final decision due to the unexpected changes. 由于這些意想不到的變化，他們推遲做最后的決定。

有些動詞不能后接V-ing形式作賓語，而應(yīng)使用不定式。這類動詞有：agree， choose， decide， hope， fail， wish， refuse， expect， manage， plan， intend， pretend， promise， offer， afford， demand， arrange等。

They decided to build a highway between these two cities. 他們決定在這兩個城市之間建一條公路。

She offered to help me when I was in trouble. 當(dāng)我有困難的時候，她提出幫助我。

2. V-ing形式可用作動詞短語的賓語

下列動詞短語burst out， feel like， give up， insist on， put off， cant help （禁不住）， cant resist （忍不住）， cant stand （無法忍受）等，只能后接V-ing形式作賓語，不能使用動詞不定式。

Sometimes students put off doing their homework until the last minute. 有時學(xué)生們會拖延到最后一分鐘才做作業(yè)。

Most customers cant resist being persuaded to buy things they dont really need. 大多數(shù)顧客都無法抗拒被說服去買他們其實不需要的東西。

3. V-ing形式也可用作介詞的賓語

He apologized to the teacher for being late. 他為遲到而向老師道歉。

Her family are all proud of having such a splendid house. 她的家人都為擁有這樣一個漂亮的房子而感到自豪。

Have you succeeded in convincing them？ 你成功地說服他們了嗎？

Who is against changing the plan？ 誰反對改變計劃？

此時，要注意用作介詞to的賓語時，極易與不定式發(fā)生混淆。

我一直盼望來北京。

【正】 Ive been looking forward to coming to Beijing.

【誤】 Ive been looking forward to come to Beijing.

讓我們開始討論公司的未來。

【正】 Lets get down to discussing the future of the company.

【誤】 Lets get down to discuss the future of the company.

此類結(jié)構(gòu)還有：in addition to 除……外;admit to 承認(rèn);devote oneself to 獻身于;be equal to 能勝任;等于;be familiar to 為……所熟悉;give ones mind to 專心于;keep to 堅持;look up to 尊敬;lead to 導(dǎo)致;look forward to 盼望;object to 反對;pay attention to 注意;point to 指向;stick to 堅持;see to 注意;負(fù)責(zé)，照料;be used to 習(xí)慣于;turn to 求助于等。

下列結(jié)構(gòu)中的in通常省略，其中的V-ing形式為介詞的表語：

（1） have difficulty / trouble / problems / a struggle （in） doing sth. 做某事中遇到困難、麻煩、問題等

They had a lot of trouble （in） finding her house. 他們費了好大的勁兒才找到她的房子。

（2） have a hard / happy / good / difficult / wonderful time （in） doing sth. 做某事的過程艱難/快樂等

We had a wonderful time （in） working with Peter. 和彼得共事，我們感覺很愉快。

（3） sb. spend some time （in） doing sth. 某人花費多少時間做某事

Alice spends one fifth of her wage （in） buying new clothes. 愛麗斯五分之一的工資花費在買新衣服上。

（4） sb.+ be busy （in） doing sth. 某人忙于做某事

The dustman was busy （in） collecting the rubbish when I passed by him. 我經(jīng)過他時，清潔工正忙著收集垃圾。

（5） sb. lose no time （in） doing sth. 某人立即（迅速）做某事

His mother lost no time （in） calling the fire brigade. 他的母親立刻給消防隊打電話。

4. 使用it作形式賓語，要將V-ing形式后置

She found it useless arguing with him. 她發(fā)現(xiàn)和他爭論沒有用。

Do you consider it any good our going there？ 你認(rèn)為我們?nèi)ビ袔椭鷨幔?/p>

二、作表語

Learning English in spare time is quite challenging. （challenging相當(dāng)于形容詞） 業(yè)余時間學(xué)英語，相當(dāng)有挑戰(zhàn)性。

Her job is dealing with the documents. （dealing with the documents相當(dāng)于名詞） 她的工作就是處理這些文檔。

V-ing形式作表語可分兩種情況：

1. 相當(dāng)于形容詞，此時應(yīng)注意與過去分詞區(qū)別。試比較如下：

The football match was really exciting. We were all excited at the result. （V-ing形式表主動，過去分詞表被動） 這場足球比賽確實令人興奮。我們都對這個結(jié)果感到很興奮。

2. 相當(dāng)于名詞，此時易與進行時結(jié)構(gòu)相混，可從以下兩個方面予以區(qū)別：

（1） 看主語是否是V-ing動詞的執(zhí)行者（即V-ing動詞的動作是否是句子主語的動作）。是，則為進行時;不是，則為V-ing形式。

① He is repairing the machine. 他正在修理機器。

② His job is repairing the machine. 他的工作是修理機器。

例1中的repair是主語he的動作，為進行時。例2中的repair顯然不是his job的動作，為V-ing形式作表語。

（2） 看V-ing動詞（結(jié)構(gòu)）能否與主語對換位置。能則為V-ing形式，不能則為進行時。

③ The most difficult problem is building the bridge base. 最難的問題是建造橋基。

④ They are building the bridge base. 他們正在建造橋基。

例3可以調(diào)整為：“Building the bridge base is the most difficult problem.”，故為V-ing形式。而例4則不能（Building the bridge base are they. 不正確），故為進行時。

【鞏固訓(xùn)練】

一、用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。

1. Do you allow ____ （discuss） in the course of an English lesson？

2. But in the end the manager decided ____ （give） the girl another chance.

3. Nowadays more and more Chinese can afford ____ （buy） a car of their own.

4. Dont continue ____ （work） like this， or youll break down sooner or later.

5. I knocked at the front door， but nobody answered it. So I tried ____ （knock） at the back one.

6. It is not known yet why the maths teacher refused ____ （come） to our New Year evening.

7. Have you considered ____ （do） something to reduce the pollution in our area？

8. Our school delayed ____ （hold） the sports meet because of the rain.

9. He didnt do his homework， but he pretended ____ （do） it.

10. He made a reasonable excuse and finally escaped ____ （punish）.

二、單項選擇。

1. He had no difficulty ____ the problems.

A. working out?? B. having worked out???? C. to have worked out?? D. to work out

2. The sentence wants ____ once more.

A. to explain???? B. explaining?????????? C. being explained???????? D. to be explained it

3. Articles used by patients must be disinfected before ____ others.

A. using ????????? B. being used by?????????? C. used by?????????????? D. being using

4. I regretted ____ that to her.

A. having said???? B. to have said???????????? C. to say ????????? D. /

5. Our monitor suggested ____ a discussion of the subject.

A. to have ??????? B. should have????????????? C. have?????? D. having

6. I cant understand ____ at her.

A. you laugh B. you to laugh?????? C. why laugh????? D. your laughing

7. In order to reach the top of the hill in six hours， they try ____.

A. to climb the mountain hardly???????? B. hard to climb the mountain

C. to climb hardly the mountain???????? D. to climb the mountain hard

8. I happened ____ the article when he asked me about it.

A. having read??? B. to have read?????? C. to be read????????? D. reading

9. He is said ____ to London already.

A. having sent??? B. to be sending????? C. to have been sent D. being sent

10. The little boy insisted on ____ with a cake.

A. being served B. to be served?????? C. servingD. serve