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      There be句型解讀

      2021-08-14 10:45沈瑩
      關(guān)鍵詞:單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)介詞

      沈瑩

      【基本概念】

      There be句型表示某處有某物或某人。there是引導(dǎo)詞,在句中不充當(dāng)任何成分,翻譯時(shí)也不必譯出。

      句式結(jié)構(gòu):There+連系動(dòng)詞be+主語(人/物)+地點(diǎn)(介詞短語或副詞)。

      (1) There is +單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞/不可數(shù)名詞+地點(diǎn)狀語。

      (2) There are +復(fù)數(shù)名詞+地點(diǎn)狀語。

      名詞及主謂一致:

      ① 當(dāng)主語是可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞時(shí), be動(dòng)詞用is。如:

      There is a bird in the tree.? ?樹上有一只鳥。

      ② 當(dāng)主語是可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)時(shí),其be動(dòng)詞就用are。如:

      There are two children in the room. 房間里有兩個(gè)孩子。

      ③ 當(dāng)主語是兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的名詞時(shí),(遵循就近原則)be動(dòng)詞要根據(jù)離它最近的名詞的數(shù)來確定be的形式。如:

      There is a teacher and many students in our classroom.? 我們教室里有一位老師和許多學(xué)生。

      There are two boys and a girl under the tree. 樹下有兩個(gè)男孩,一個(gè)女孩。

      【There be句型轉(zhuǎn)化】

      1. 如何改為否定句:直接在be后加上not或no。如:

      There are some pictures on the wall. → There arent any pictures on the wall. = There are no pictures on the wall.

      There is a bike behind the tree.? → There isnt a bike behind the tree. =There is no bike behind the tree.

      注意:肯定句中有some時(shí),改為否定句或者疑問句時(shí)要將其改為any,而and則要改為or。not和no的不同之處在于not是副詞,no為形容詞,not a / an / any + n. 相當(dāng)于no + n.。

      2. 如何改為一般疑問句:把be動(dòng)詞提到句首,句末句號(hào)改成問號(hào)。同時(shí)應(yīng)注意:當(dāng)肯定句中有some時(shí),要將其改為any,而and要改成or。如:

      There is some water on Mars.? → Is there any water on Mars?

      There are some fish in the water. →Are there any fish in the water?

      在構(gòu)成一般疑問句時(shí), 其句型結(jié)構(gòu)為:

      (1) Is + there + a / an+單數(shù)名詞+介詞短語?

      (2) Is + there+不可數(shù)名詞+介詞短語?

      (3) Are + there + any +復(fù)數(shù)名詞+介詞短語?

      回答用Yes, there is / are. 或No, there isnt / arent.? 如:

      —Is there a ball on the table? 桌子上有個(gè)球嗎?

      —Yes, there is. 是的,有。

      —No, there isnt. 不是,沒有。

      —Are there any children near the door? 門邊有些孩子嗎?

      —Yes, there are. 是的,有。

      —No, there arent. 不是,沒有。

      3. 如何改為特殊疑問句:必須了解是對(duì)什么進(jìn)行提問,懂得用哪個(gè)詞去發(fā)問。

      (1) 對(duì)主語提問:當(dāng)主語是人的時(shí)候,則用who 引導(dǎo),當(dāng)主語是物的時(shí)候,則用what 引導(dǎo)。

      注意:無論原句的主語是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù),對(duì)之提問時(shí)一般都用be的單數(shù)形式(回答時(shí)卻要根據(jù)實(shí)際情況來決定)。如:

      There are many things over there. →Whats over there?

      There is a little girl in the room.→Who is in the room?

      (2) 對(duì)地點(diǎn)狀語提問:則用where 引導(dǎo)。如:

      There is a computer on the desk. → Where is the computer?

      There are four children on the playground. →Where are the four children?

      (3) 對(duì)數(shù)量提問:一般有兩種句型結(jié)構(gòu),以下兩種句型主要用來詢問“某處有多少人或物”。如:

      ① How many+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+are there+介詞短語?

      ② How much+不可數(shù)名詞+is there+介詞短語?

      How much milk is there in the bottle? 瓶子里有多少牛奶?

      How many students are there in your class? 你們班有多少學(xué)生?

      【拓展】

      1. 在There be結(jié)構(gòu)中,live, lie, stand等表示“存在”意義的不及物動(dòng)詞也可作為謂語動(dòng)詞放在there be句型中。如:

      Long, long ago, there lived a king in this area. 很久很久以前有個(gè)國王住在這兒。

      2. There be 句型與have句型的區(qū)別

      There be句型與have (has)均表示“有”,但There be句型強(qiáng)調(diào)“某處有某人/某物”,著重“存在”的狀態(tài);have則強(qiáng)調(diào)“某人有某物”,著重“擁有”。如:

      He has two sons. 他有兩個(gè)兒子。

      There are two men in the office. 辦公室里有兩個(gè)男人。

      當(dāng)have表示“包括”“存在”的含義時(shí),There be 句型與其可互換。如:

      A week has seven days. = There are seven days in a week.? 一個(gè)星期有七天。

      There are three children in my family. 我家里有三個(gè)孩子。

      I have three children. 我有三個(gè)孩子。

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