林鋒
一、基本用法
used to do sth.意思是“過去常常做某事”,表示過去習慣性、經(jīng)常性的動作或狀態(tài),側重于過去與現(xiàn)在的對比,暗指現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不存在。這個結構只有一種形式,即過去式,用于所有人稱。注意此時used to后面用的是動詞原形。例如:
I used to go swimming on Saturdays.
我過去常在星期六去游泳。
Life here is much easier than it used to be.
這兒的生活比過去容易多了。
二、句式變換
“used to do sth.”結構變否定句和疑問句時可以有兩種形式:一是借助助動詞did來完成——“didn’t use to”“Did … use to …”;二是在used后加not(可以縮寫成usedn’t),以及把used提到主語前面。例如:
Mrs Green used to eat rice for lunch.
格林夫人過去午飯常吃米飯。
否定句:Mrs Green didn’t use to eat rice for lunch.
Mrs Green used not / usedn’t to eat rice for lunch.
疑問句:Did Mrs Green use to eat rice for lunch? Yes,she did. / No, she didn’t.
Used Mrs Green to eat rice for lunch?
Yes,she used to. / No, she usedn’t to.
三、相似結構區(qū)別
be used to do sth.
這個短語是被動結構,意思是“(某物)被用來做某事”。注意:to后應用動詞原形。例如:
The wood is used to make desks and chairs.
木頭用來做桌子和椅子。
Is a knife used to cut things? 刀是用來切東西的嗎?
be used to sth. / doing sth.
表示“已經(jīng)習慣于做某事”,指某個動作過去不常做而現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)習慣做了,強調目前的情況。注意:to是介詞,后面跟名詞或動詞-ing形式。有時動詞be也可以換用get,側重說明從不習慣到習慣。例如:
I’ve lived in London for six years now, so I’m quite used to the life.
現(xiàn)在我在倫敦住了6年了,所以我對這的生活很習慣了。
You’ll soon get used to living in the country.
你很快就會習慣住在農(nóng)村的。
be used as
這個短語表示“被用來當作……”,是個被動結構。注意:as表示主語是什么。例如:
English is used as the second language in many countries.
英語在很多國家被用作第二語言。
This book can be used as a textbook.
這本書可用作教科書。
be used by
這個短語意思是“被……使用”,也是被動結構。注意:by表示使用者是誰。例如:
The desk was used by Mr Lu Xun.
這張書桌是魯迅先生使用過的。
Was the pen used by Jackie Chan in that film?
成龍在那部電影里用過這支鋼筆嗎?
四、與would的區(qū)別
would也可以用來強調過去一段時間中經(jīng)常性、反復性和習慣性的動作,但是它沒有used to do那種過去與現(xiàn)在對比的用法。例如:
He would sit for hours saying nothing.
他往往會一坐幾個小時不說一句話。
There used to be one shop in the village, but now there are ten ones.
村子里過去只有一家商店,但現(xiàn)在有10家。
would只能用來表示動作的重復性,不能用來指某一狀態(tài)或情況,而used to do既可指動作也可指狀態(tài)或情況。例如:
I used to have a house here.
我以前在這兒有座房子。(暗示現(xiàn)在沒有了,表示現(xiàn)在的情況)
精選練習:
1. Miss Li___________go to hospital, but now she is in good health.
A. has to? ? B. need to? ? C. used to? ? D. ought to
2. She used to___________with her parents, but now she is used to___________with her classmates at school.
A. live;living? ? ? ? ? B. live;live C. living;living? ? ? ? D. living;live
3. There___________a lot of red-crowned cranes in this area.
A. was used to? ? ? ? ? ? B. was used to be C. used to? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? D. used to be
4.___________Ben___________to go to the cinema at weekends?
A. Does;use? ? ? ? ? ? B. Did;use C. Used;does? ? ? ? ? ? D. Used;did
5. Stamps are ______ letters.
A. used sending? ? ? ? ? ? B. used to sending C. used to send? ? ? ? ? ? ? D. used to sent
Keys:1. C 2. A 3. D 4. B 5. C