金少策
沿著錢塘江一路往西,在錢塘江和富春江交界之處,有一片極長的沿江岸線,這一片直接面江的區(qū)域,就是之江地區(qū)。
之江地區(qū),不單單是指之江國家旅游度假區(qū),還包括轉(zhuǎn)塘、雙浦等。其西面和富陽依水相鄰,東面又和濱江、蕭山隔江相望,在沿江的岸線里,之江地區(qū)剛好是在中間位置。
這里是浙江省精心打造之江藝術(shù)長廊的重要陣地。浙江省委文化工作會議提出,要深化文化建設(shè)“八項工程”,深入推進(jìn)新時代文化浙江工程,培育浙江文化新標(biāo)識,構(gòu)建文化建設(shè)大平臺,形成文化發(fā)展新格局。早在今年6月底,浙江省委召開主題新聞發(fā)布會,宣布精心打造之江藝術(shù)長廊,首批入選項目包括良渚古城遺址公園、國家版本館杭州分館、中國美術(shù)學(xué)院、浙江音樂學(xué)院、南宋皇城遺址、中國歷代繪畫大系編輯中心、浙江美術(shù)館、中國絲綢博物館、之江編劇村、網(wǎng)絡(luò)作家村等。同時,相關(guān)規(guī)劃也被列入同期發(fā)布的《浙江高質(zhì)量發(fā)展建設(shè)共同富裕示范區(qū)實施方案(2021-2025年)》。
軟實力迭代升級的重要舉措
透視浙江發(fā)展奇跡,文化發(fā)展深蘊(yùn)其中,文化建設(shè)更是成為浙江發(fā)展中格外耀眼的篇章。
2003年,“進(jìn)一步發(fā)揮浙江的人文優(yōu)勢,積極推進(jìn)科教興省、人才強(qiáng)省,加快建設(shè)文化大省”被寫入“八八戰(zhàn)略”。18年來,浙江聚焦文化的力量,從建設(shè)文化大省、文化強(qiáng)省到文化浙江,文化軟實力日益彰顯。
此次之江藝術(shù)長廊建設(shè),是浙江省落實“八八戰(zhàn)略”、發(fā)揮人文優(yōu)勢、建設(shè)文化大省,聚力“重要窗口”建設(shè)、“共同富裕示范區(qū)”建設(shè)、實現(xiàn)從文化大省到文化強(qiáng)省的飛躍、實現(xiàn)文化軟實力迭代升級的重要舉措。
之江藝術(shù)長廊也是新時代新征程對浙江的召喚。建設(shè)之江藝術(shù)長廊,一要聚焦“重要窗口”“共同富裕示范區(qū)”,打造無愧于時代的精品,匯聚全球藝術(shù)精英人才;二要進(jìn)一步彰顯中國文化軟實力,體現(xiàn)中國味,充分發(fā)揮長廊優(yōu)勢,點面結(jié)合、優(yōu)勢共組,爭創(chuàng)一流、走向國際;三要揚長板、補(bǔ)短板,以提升浙江文化整體實力為目標(biāo),按照中國所需、浙江所能、群眾所盼、未來所向進(jìn)行謀劃;四要立足新時代,努力打造新時代“富春山居圖”;五要讓人民群眾有獲得感,建設(shè)“共同富裕示范區(qū)”需文化先行,最終提升浙江人民的整體文明程度。
左手科技、右手藝術(shù),之江藝術(shù)長廊和杭州城西科創(chuàng)大走廊一樣,成為浙江省的重大戰(zhàn)略決策,對標(biāo)國際一流、集全省之力將其建設(shè)成為面向世界、引領(lǐng)未來、服務(wù)全國、帶動全省的創(chuàng)新策源地。
杭州城西科創(chuàng)大走廊啟動建設(shè)以來,實現(xiàn)了高質(zhì)量、高速度的跨越式發(fā)展:產(chǎn)業(yè)增加值年均增長22.1%,高科技技術(shù)產(chǎn)業(yè)增加值年均增長21.9%,數(shù)字經(jīng)濟(jì)核心產(chǎn)業(yè)增加值占全省四分之一。
作為經(jīng)濟(jì)新增長點的文化產(chǎn)業(yè),有著同樣的社會經(jīng)濟(jì)基礎(chǔ)。2020年上半年,杭州文化產(chǎn)業(yè)增加值實現(xiàn)2285億元,比上年增長8.2%。特別是藝術(shù)產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展實現(xiàn)逆勢上揚,成為全市文化產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展的鮮明特點和重要增長點。此外,重點平臺項目建設(shè)步伐也在不斷加快,成為引領(lǐng)產(chǎn)業(yè)向好發(fā)展的重要力量。
值得期待的是,之江藝術(shù)長廊將大大提升浙江文化軟實力,有望與四條詩路文化帶、杭州城西科創(chuàng)大走廊交相輝映,呈現(xiàn)出一幅科學(xué)與藝術(shù)在“浙”里重逢的嶄新畫卷。
建筑和藝術(shù)融合的自然美學(xué)
建筑已成為人類生活中不可或缺的一部分,之江藝術(shù)長廊中的中國美術(shù)學(xué)院和浙江音樂學(xué)院等,將建筑和藝術(shù)有機(jī)結(jié)合,賦予了藝術(shù)長廊別樣的內(nèi)容。
中國美術(shù)學(xué)院象山校區(qū)周邊環(huán)繞青山綠水,象山橫亙于校園中部,被建筑與道路包圍。新建一期工程由普利策獎獲得者王澍教授主持設(shè)計,校區(qū)總體規(guī)劃特別注重意境營造和生態(tài)保護(hù),借鑒中西方大學(xué)校園的規(guī)劃模式,建造一處分區(qū)明確,融建筑、空間、景觀、自然于一體并且游與學(xué)共生的園林式、開放式的校園環(huán)境。場地規(guī)劃從原有地勢和環(huán)境特點出發(fā),圍繞山與水打造“圖底關(guān)系”(設(shè)計不只是將研究對象專注于建筑本身,還包括它所占據(jù)的場所與空間),簡潔明快、依勢而為等風(fēng)格凸顯了建筑與環(huán)境、人與自然的交互關(guān)系。
在校園中我們可以見到許多橫跨、穿梭、附著于建筑、水域、山體間的廊道和構(gòu)筑物,如建筑外廊、跨河的走廊、水邊小屋等,都是既可步行環(huán)游,又可作為交流、展示的場所,甚至是某種非常規(guī)的教室、會議室,它們連接著室內(nèi)與室外、建筑與自然,使校園既是理想的教育場所,同時也成為城市的新文化景觀。
遠(yuǎn)眺浙江美術(shù)館,其輪廓線從東邊的玉皇山逐層向西面降低,“仿佛從山上滾下的一塊石頭”,與西湖渾然一體。為了讓美術(shù)館的屋頂有江南傳統(tǒng)坡頂?shù)母杏X,設(shè)計者程泰寧頗費了一番心思?!胺蹓焱撸马敶┎?,黑白構(gòu)成,江南流韻”,這是基調(diào)。用鋼、玻璃、石材的材質(zhì)對比,方錐與水平體塊的相互穿插,使建筑具有強(qiáng)烈的雕塑感。屋頂?shù)拿恳粔K玻璃,都搭配一張設(shè)計圖紙,以求裝置嚴(yán)絲合縫。
在這座建筑前,仿佛所有自然景觀與建筑物之間的矛盾元素都被“收編”了,有的只是“和諧”。中國國家大劇院設(shè)計者保羅 · 安德魯由衷贊嘆:“如果還有像浙江美術(shù)館一樣的建筑設(shè)計,請一定允許我參與?!?/p>
浙江音樂學(xué)院整個校園則依山傍江,狀似一只蝴蝶,寓意“化蛹為蝶”。一條樂章大道,宛若五線譜,自西向東貫穿整個校園。16幢教學(xué)樓、校舍及辦公樓好似音符,靈動躍然于樂譜間。
南宋皇城大遺址是南宋歷史文化的象征,是杭州歷史文化遺產(chǎn)的“制高點”。打響“南宋牌”,向世人展示中國最美麗山水花園式的皇城遺韻,是未來杭州的目標(biāo)。
可以說,一個城市有沒有特色,主要看城市空間布局、城市建筑風(fēng)格、城市標(biāo)志性建筑等非常直觀的城市外在體現(xiàn)。建筑與藝術(shù)的融合,正如文化和生活的夢想。浙江音樂學(xué)院和中國美術(shù)學(xué)院象山校區(qū)的建筑美學(xué)給世人帶來了視覺藝術(shù)享受,不僅對于建設(shè)之江藝術(shù)長廊有著引領(lǐng)意義,更滿足社會、群眾多層次的文化需求,具有重大意義。
這些建筑背后體現(xiàn)了可貴的文化自信和文化自覺,是對文化地位作用的深刻認(rèn)識、對當(dāng)代文化發(fā)展規(guī)律的正確把握、對發(fā)展文化歷史責(zé)任的主動擔(dān)當(dāng),體現(xiàn)了在推進(jìn)之江藝術(shù)長廊建設(shè)中,以戰(zhàn)略眼光和全局視野深刻把握打造新時代文化高地的新使命,體現(xiàn)了在共同富裕中實現(xiàn)精神富有,在現(xiàn)代化先行中實現(xiàn)文化先行,讓文化成為“重要窗口”中最具魅力、最吸引人、最為靚麗的亮點。
串珠成鏈的藝術(shù)標(biāo)桿
首批入選之江藝術(shù)長廊的項目,無一不是浙江文化領(lǐng)域的標(biāo)桿之作。
良渚古城遺址公園是中國最大的史前城址之一,一直被譽(yù)為“中華第一城”。良渚古城遺址真實、完整地保存至今,可實證距今5000年前中國長江流域史前社會稻作農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展的高度成就,填補(bǔ)《世界遺產(chǎn)名錄》中東亞地區(qū)新石器時代考古遺址的空缺,為中國5000年文明史提供獨特的見證。
國家版本館杭州分館建設(shè),是國家從文化安全和文化復(fù)興的戰(zhàn)略考量出發(fā)作出的重大部署,是列入“十四五”規(guī)劃的精品傳世工程,是集展覽館、圖書館、檔案館、博物館等多種功能形態(tài)于一體的綜合性場館。
國家版本館中央總館設(shè)于北京,3個分館分別建在杭州、廣州和西安??傪^、分館共同承擔(dān)中華文化基因種子庫和版本資源災(zāi)備中心的重任。在杭州“十四五”規(guī)劃中提到,建設(shè)國家版本館杭州分館是一個重大文化工程。
浙江音樂學(xué)院的前身是杭州師范大學(xué)音樂學(xué)院,是浙江省最早開設(shè)高等音樂教育的高校,被譽(yù)為全國最美的音樂學(xué)院。李叔同先生早年在這里從事學(xué)堂樂歌的寫作和教學(xué),學(xué)院也因此成為中國現(xiàn)代音樂教育的主要發(fā)源地之一。
南宋皇城遺址,是浙江歷史上最重要的王朝都城。南宋皇城遺址位于杭州鳳凰山東麓,是公元12—13世紀(jì)中國都城建設(shè)的杰出代表。南宋皇城內(nèi)部分為宮城內(nèi)和宮城外兩個部分。宮城內(nèi)殿、堂、樓閣約130余座,巍峨林立,光耀奪目。鳳凰山御苑內(nèi)保存大量的石刻遺跡,現(xiàn)擬辟為“南宋故宮遺址公園”。
由蔡元培先生于1928年創(chuàng)立的中國美術(shù)學(xué)院,是中國第一所綜合性的國立高等藝術(shù)學(xué)府,也是聯(lián)合國科教文組織唯一承認(rèn)學(xué)歷的中國美術(shù)類大學(xué)。近百年來人才輩出,林風(fēng)眠、潘天壽、黃賓虹、趙無極等人都曾在這里播下藝術(shù)的種子。校區(qū)內(nèi)建筑與山水之美浪漫交織,無處不流淌著藝術(shù)的氣息。
得西子之靈秀,集玉皇之雄渾。一個個文化名跡正通過之江藝術(shù)長廊規(guī)劃建設(shè)串珠成鏈,為正在興建的之江藝術(shù)長廊安插上一對飛速發(fā)展的“翅膀”。在它們的輻射效應(yīng)之下,以藝術(shù)文化為代表的創(chuàng)意產(chǎn)業(yè)也正快速在此集結(jié),之江的人文藝術(shù)氛圍將愈來愈濃。
藝術(shù)提升生活品質(zhì)
之江藝術(shù)長廊將增強(qiáng)浙江人民的審美韻味、文化品位,讓藝術(shù)成果更多地服務(wù)于人民群眾的高品質(zhì)生活需求。
中國美術(shù)學(xué)院院長高世名從“大之江”“大藝術(shù)”的維度提出,要將之江藝術(shù)長廊打造為全球最大藝術(shù)教育社區(qū)、全國最強(qiáng)數(shù)字文化航母、全民共享藝術(shù)生活家園,為之江地區(qū)乃至杭州帶來更多的時尚和人氣。
2007年,中國美院象山校區(qū)建成開學(xué),大量藝術(shù)人士開始在之江新城的轉(zhuǎn)塘單元匯聚。原本質(zhì)樸的小鄉(xiāng)村,因為他們的到來,發(fā)生了驚人的改變。一馬當(dāng)先的,就是外桐塢村。
裘阿姨是“外桐塢藝術(shù)村壹號畫室”的房東。她家的二層小樓,即將租給一位新房客——中國美院油畫系的一位畢業(yè)生。當(dāng)?shù)氐拇迕瘢矊⒆约杭业姆孔痈脑斐闪怂囆g(shù)工作室,租給美院的學(xué)生。村里兩個茶葉加工廠和村委會的舊址也被改成了藝術(shù)會所,目前已經(jīng)有20余位藝術(shù)家選擇在外桐塢村開設(shè)繪畫、雕塑工作室。
在風(fēng)景秀美的杭州西溪濕地內(nèi),有一個建筑面積超2500平方米、擁有2000平方米大草坪的“村”,云集了一批聲名赫赫的編劇。這個深藏不露的“村”,就是之江編劇村。
走過編劇村長長的回廊,透過落地窗看去,映入眼簾的是郁郁蔥蔥、水草豐茂的濕地美景。據(jù)了解,編劇村在總體氛圍營造布設(shè)中,充分融入李漁代表作《閑情偶寄》元素,努力構(gòu)建編劇創(chuàng)作與環(huán)境共融的理想空間。這樣優(yōu)美的環(huán)境,更容易激發(fā)編劇們的創(chuàng)作靈感。
不少編劇界大腕已經(jīng)被吸引過來。據(jù)了解,之江編劇村目前邀請了《雍正王朝》《北平無戰(zhàn)事》編劇劉和平擔(dān)任名譽(yù)村長,由馬繼紅、王宛平、劉毅、程蔚東、蘭曉龍、黃亞洲、麥家等著名編劇擔(dān)任創(chuàng)作導(dǎo)師。
培育青年編劇、電影人,是編劇村的重點任務(wù)。編劇村定期邀請業(yè)內(nèi)知名編劇,舉辦編劇大師創(chuàng)作論壇、編劇沙龍、劇本征集、編劇訓(xùn)練營等活動,為青年編劇、電影人提供常態(tài)化的業(yè)務(wù)能力提升渠道。
目前,運營團(tuán)隊還在構(gòu)建劇本評估體系,邀請國內(nèi)一流編劇進(jìn)行定向指導(dǎo),推動影視劇本創(chuàng)作精品化。同時,探索開展浙江大學(xué)專業(yè)研究生教育及浙江大學(xué)繼續(xù)教育、非學(xué)歷教育等,推動建設(shè)學(xué)歷與非學(xué)歷人才培育基地。
Zhijiang Art Corridor: A Perfect Blend of Art, Culture and Architecture
By Jin Shaoce
All the way to the west along the Qiantang River, where it meets the Fuchun River, lies a long strip of land directly looking at the rivers. This piece of land is known as the Zhijiang area. The Zhijiang area not only refers to the Zhijiang National Tourism Resort, it also includes places such as Zhuantang and Shuangpu. On the west, it is adjacent to the Fuyang district by the river, and on the east, it faces the districts of Binjiang and Xiaoshan across the river.
Sitting right in the middle, the Zhijiang area has naturally become the focal point for the Zhijiang Art Corridor, and the plan to establish the corridor was announced at a recent press conference themed “Preserving Partys ‘Red Roots and Making Zhejiang ‘a(chǎn)n Important Window of China” and held by the Communist Party of China (CPC) Zhejiang Provincial Committee. The first batch of projects selected for the corridor include the Archeological Ruins of Liangzhu City, the China National Archival Library of Publications (Hangzhou Center), the China Academy of Art, the Zhejiang Conservatory of Music, the Zhijiang Cultural Industry Belt, the Southern Song Dynasty Imperial City Ruins, the Editorial Center of the Series of Ancient Chinese Paintings, the Zhejiang Art Museum, the China National Silk Museum, the Zhijiang Screenwriters Village, the China Internet Writers Village, among others.
Meanwhile, the plan has been written into the newly published Roadmap to Build Zhejiang into a Demonstration Zone for Common Prosperity through High-Quality Development. It is a continuation of the “Double-Eight Development Strategy”, which, published on August 8, 2003, has pointed out that “the cultural resources of Zhejiang should be fully tapped so as to build a culturally advanced province”. The establishment of the Zhijiang Art Corridor is a crucial step towards achieving the goal; it is also a response to the call of the new era: to realize common prosperity, it is imperative to focus first on cultural development.
Similar to the Hangzhou West Science and Technology Innovation Corridor, which is centered on science and technology innovation, the Zhijiang Art Corridor is just another major strategic decision made by Zhejiang province to drive cultural innovation. Since its launch four years ago, the Hangzhou West Science and Innovation Corridor has achieved high-quality and high-speed leapfrog development: average annual growth rate of industrial added value stands at 22.1%, average annual growth rate of high-tech industry at 21.9% and the added value of digital economy core industries accounts for one quarter of the provinces total. If the Science and Innovation Corridor is any indication, Zhjiang Art Corridor will become another driver for economic growth, supported by the robust development of cultural industry: in the first half of 2020, the added value of Hangzhous cultural industry reached 228.5 billion yuan, an increase of 8.2% over the previous year.
As an indispensable component of art, architecture is an essential part of many art projects and the unique charm of the Zhijiang Art Corridor can be found in the architectures of those sites which are located within.
Surrounded by green hills and clear waters, the Xiangshan campus of the China Academy of Art is thus called largely because the Xiangshan Mountain lies right in the middle of the campus. Overseen by Professor Wang Shu, the first Chinese citizen to win the Pritzker Prize, the worlds top prize in architecture, the overall planning of the campus is specially tailored for ecological protection, as well as creating an open, inviting and garden-like atmosphere. On the campus, many corridors or structures that stride, go through or are attached to buildings, waters and hillsides can be found, which serve not only as footpaths, but also as places for communication and exhibition or even as venues for classes and meetings.
Looked at from afar, the silhouette of Zhejiang Art Museum lowers from Yuhuang Mountain in the east layer by layer to the west, “as if a giant stone tumbling down”, blending eventually with the West Lake. Cheng Taining, designer of the museum, went to great lengths to make its roof look like a traditional Jiangnan (south of the Yangtze River) sloping roof. “White walls and black tiles, with a Jiangnan style” is the basis, and the use of steel, glass and stone materials and the interspersion of square cones and horizontal blocks lend the building a strong feel of sculpture. Paul Andreu, designer of National Center for the Performing Arts in Beijing, once said that if another architectural project like that of the Zhejiang Art Museum came up, he would definitely join.
The whole campus of Zhejiang Conservatory of Music, on the other hand, takes the shape of a butterfly, with the symbolic meaning of “breaking out of the cocoon and transforming into a butterfly”. An avenue of musical notes, resembling the staff, runs through the campus from west to east. The 16 teaching and office buildings as well as dormitories spread on the campus like musical notes on sheet music.
Underlying these remarkable architectural buildings is a sense of cultural confidence and cultural self-awareness, and, above all, a commitment to the historical responsibility of cultural development. Indeed, each and every project selected for the Zhijiang Art Corridor is a veritable cultural landmark.
The Archeological Ruins of Liangzhu City is one of Chinas largest prehistoric city sites, long hailed as the “First City of China”. It shows and testifies to the great achievement of prehistoric rice-cultivating civilization of Chinas over 5,000 years ago, and is an outstanding example of early urban civilization. The Southern Song Dynasty Imperial City Ruins, one of the most important capital cities in Zhejiangs history and throughout the Chinese history, reveals an imperial palace with over 130 halls and pavilions. A large number of stone carvings are well preserved in the former imperial garden on the Phoenix Mountain, which is expected to be turned into the Southern Song Dynasty Imperial Palace Heritage Park. As Zhejiangs oldest higher institution of music, the Zhejiang Conservatory of Music is one of the main cradles of modern music education in China, and the China Academy of Art has produced crops of top talent since its inception in 1928.
Ultimately, the aesthetic value of architectures and the cultural significance of these landmarks are meant to help improve the quality of life. Gao Shiming, president of the China Academy of Art, proposed to develop the Zhijiang Art Corridor into the largest community of art education in the world, in which every one is able to enjoy an artistic life. In fact, the Xiangshan campus of the China Academy of Art has already brought palpable changes to neighboring areas since its opening in 2007. A nearby village called Waitongwu village saw two of its tea processing plants repurposed and changed into art galleries, and over 20 artists have set up painting and sculpture studios here.
Another “village”, hidden within the Xixi National Wetland Park, is the newly launched Zhijiang Screenwriters Village. Quite a few heavyweights, including Liu Heping, best known for his historical works such as All Quiet in Peking, have already been attracted to the place, and will mentor young and aspiring screenwriters. Forums, workshops and training camps will be also held regularly for these screenwriters.