Becca Marsh 楊舟選譯

Clowns have appeared in countless novels，performances，and films for well over 200 years.

But where do clowns come from and why are they sopopular within cultures across the globe today？

小丑出現(xiàn)在無(wú)數(shù)的小說(shuō)、演出和電影中已有200多年了。

但是小丑是從哪里來(lái)的？為什么他們?cè)诋?dāng)今世界的文化中如此流行？

The first famous clown

Joseph Grimaldi is seen as the father ofclowns.He was amongst some of the firstclowns to perform professionally and he isthe most well-known within the industry forhis contribution to clowning.

He first appeared on stage in Englandin 1802 as the clown"Joey"，whobecameknown for his slapstick2 humor and tricks.In 1802 Grimaldi became the only resident'clown at Sadler's Wells Theatre in London.

Some of the first professional stageclowns alongside Grimaldi were WilliamKempe and Robert Amin who both workedwith Shakespeare in the 17th Century.

第一個(gè)著名的小丑

約瑟夫·格里馬爾迪被視為小丑之父。他是第一批專業(yè)表演的小丑之一，因?qū)π〕蟊硌菟龅呢暙I(xiàn)而在業(yè)內(nèi)最為知名。

1802年，他第一次出現(xiàn)在英國(guó)舞臺(tái)上，扮演的是小丑“喬伊”，以滑稽的幽默表演和戲法而聞名。1802年，格里馬爾迪成為倫敦沙德勒之井劇院唯一的常駐小丑。

與格里馬爾迪一起出現(xiàn)的第一批職業(yè)舞臺(tái)小丑還有威廉·坎普和羅伯特·阿明，他們都在17世紀(jì)與莎士比亞合作過(guò)。

Clownsface paint

Grimaldi was the inventor of the face paint thatclowns wear as their stage makeup.

The first appearance* Grimaldi made wearingface paint was when he was playing his characterJoey the clown.

The Sadler's Wells Theatre had closed forrefurbishmentin 1801 and reopened in 1802with the clown Joey as the main role.

Grimaldi wanted to make an outstandingappearance for the reopening so he spent some timeredesigning his character and his appearance.

This is when the face paint trend began.

He started with a white base layer6 thatcovered his face and neck. He then added redtriangles on his cheeks，grinning7 red lips andthick eyebrows to exaggerate3 his expressions.

Grimaldi's biographer Andrew McConnell Stottexplained that this was pivotal°at the time and thisface paint became one of the most influential'0theatrical " designs of the 1800s.

小丑的面部彩繪

格里馬爾迪發(fā)明了小丑用作舞臺(tái)妝的面部彩繪。

格里馬爾迪第一次化面部彩繪的演出是在他扮演小丑喬伊的時(shí)候。

沙德勒之井劇院在1801年因翻新而關(guān)閉，到了1802年重新開放并以小丑喬伊為主角。

格里馬爾迪想在劇院重開時(shí)做精彩的亮相，所以他花了一些時(shí)間重新設(shè)計(jì)自己的角色和扮相。

這就是（小丑）面部彩繪潮流的開始。

他從覆蓋臉部和頸部的白色底妝開始。然后，他在臉頰上畫上了紅色的三角形，咧嘴笑的紅色嘴唇和濃密的眉毛來(lái)夸大自己的表情。

格里馬爾迪的傳記作者安德魯·麥康奈爾·斯托特解釋說(shuō)，這在當(dāng)時(shí)是至關(guān)重要的，這種面部彩繪成為19世紀(jì)最有影響力的戲劇設(shè)計(jì)之一。

Clowns International

Clowns International，once known as theInternational Circus Clowns Club，was formedin 1947 by circus enthusiast '2Stan Bult. It isan associationl3for clowns.gzslib202204041724

The organization was formed following atradition that started in the early 1940s bycircus owner Billy Smart. Every year clownswould renew their circus contracts""， andSmart had the idea to mark the moment byvisiting Joseph Grimaldi's gravel in London.Clownswereencouraged to visit and payrespects to the father of the clown industry.

This tradition was repeated year after yearuntil 1947 when Stan Bult decided to formClowns International.

The idea was to unite 0 clowns across theglobe to share industry knowledge and to beable to network with circus folk '7.

小丑國(guó)際

小丑國(guó)際，曾被稱為國(guó)際馬戲團(tuán)小丑俱樂(lè)部，由馬戲團(tuán)愛好者斯坦·布爾特于1947年成立，是一家小丑協(xié)會(huì)。

該組織是按照馬戲團(tuán)老板比利·斯馬特在20世紀(jì)40年代早期開始的一項(xiàng)傳統(tǒng)創(chuàng)建的。每年小丑們都會(huì)與馬戲團(tuán)續(xù)約，斯馬特想通過(guò)參觀倫敦約瑟夫·格里馬爾迪的墳?zāi)箒?lái)紀(jì)念這一時(shí)刻。小丑們被鼓勵(lì)去掃墓并向小丑行業(yè)之父致敬。

這一傳統(tǒng)年復(fù)一年地延續(xù)下來(lái)，直到1947年，斯坦·布爾特決定成立小丑國(guó)際。

這個(gè)想法是為了讓全世界的小丑們聯(lián)合起來(lái)，共同分享行業(yè)知識(shí)，并與各馬戲團(tuán)成員建立聯(lián)系。

International Clown Week

International Clown Week was passed inUS law by President Richard Nixon on August2，1971.

lt is celebrated every year in the firstweek of August.

The first celebrations arose in the 1950swith small gatherings and volunteer showsbeing held to promote18all things aboutclowning around.

In 1967 the Clown Club of Americaencouraged its members to make the weekofficial.

國(guó)際小丑周

1971年8月2日，理查德·尼克松總統(tǒng)通過(guò)了國(guó)際小丑周法案。

人們?cè)诿磕?月的第一周慶祝國(guó)際小丑周。

最初的國(guó)際小丑周慶?；顒?dòng)出現(xiàn)在20世紀(jì)50年代，當(dāng)時(shí)舉行了小規(guī)模的集會(huì)和志愿者表演，以宣傳有關(guān)小丑的一切內(nèi)容。

1967年，美國(guó)小丑俱樂(lè)部鼓勵(lì)其成員促使國(guó)際小丑周成為官方的活動(dòng)。

Clowns have become embedded19 within modern life， through performancesand films

Although? over? the? years? there? have? been? less? number? of? circus? shows， clowning will live on through childrens birthday parties and modern horror films.

小丑已經(jīng)通過(guò)演出和電影融入現(xiàn)代生活之中。

盡管多年來(lái)馬戲表演的數(shù)量變少，但小丑表演將通過(guò)兒童生日派對(duì)和現(xiàn)代恐怖電影得以延續(xù)。