• 
    

    
    

      99热精品在线国产_美女午夜性视频免费_国产精品国产高清国产av_av欧美777_自拍偷自拍亚洲精品老妇_亚洲熟女精品中文字幕_www日本黄色视频网_国产精品野战在线观看

      ?

      膝關(guān)節(jié)骨性關(guān)節(jié)炎的康復(fù)治療新進(jìn)展

      2022-04-27 06:41:35黃梁江史巍巍陸敏
      中國(guó)康復(fù) 2022年4期
      關(guān)鍵詞:針灸膝關(guān)節(jié)關(guān)節(jié)

      隨著人們平均壽命的提高,骨關(guān)節(jié)炎(Osteoarthritis, OA)作為一種慢性退行性疾病在人群中的發(fā)病率越來越高,已成為全球第四大致殘?jiān)?/p>

      ,OA甚至?xí)鹉X卒中的發(fā)病率升高

      。目前的治療以對(duì)癥處理為主,除了非甾體抗炎鎮(zhèn)痛藥和手術(shù)外,尚缺乏十分有效的干預(yù)手段

      。尤其是膝關(guān)節(jié)骨關(guān)節(jié)炎(Knee osteoarthritis,KOA),病情常反復(fù)發(fā)作,嚴(yán)重時(shí)可導(dǎo)致關(guān)節(jié)畸形和肢體活動(dòng)障礙

      ,對(duì)生活質(zhì)量造成極大影響

      。康復(fù)治療作為KOA治療的重要一環(huán)越來越受到關(guān)注,近幾年取得了很大的發(fā)展。本文主要介紹KOA的康復(fù)評(píng)定、物理治療、關(guān)節(jié)腔內(nèi)注射、矯形器、針灸、干細(xì)胞療法等方面的最新研究進(jìn)展。

      1 康復(fù)評(píng)定

      評(píng)定是為了準(zhǔn)確了解膝關(guān)節(jié)的功能,在介紹康復(fù)治療進(jìn)展前,有必要簡(jiǎn)要介紹一下評(píng)定方面的內(nèi)容。根據(jù)國(guó)際上最新的推薦

      ,評(píng)估膝關(guān)節(jié)功能至少應(yīng)包含以下六個(gè)方面的內(nèi)容:疼痛、運(yùn)動(dòng)功能、生活質(zhì)量、全面的自我評(píng)估以及不良反應(yīng),在條件允許時(shí),關(guān)節(jié)結(jié)構(gòu)也應(yīng)在評(píng)定范圍內(nèi)。目前,最常用的依然是西安大略和麥克馬斯特大學(xué)骨關(guān)節(jié)炎指數(shù)(the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index, WOMAC)以及其他膝關(guān)節(jié)功能自評(píng)量表。此外,疼痛評(píng)分、平衡和步態(tài)分析、生活質(zhì)量評(píng)分等也可選用

      。近兩年利用磁共振影像學(xué)技術(shù)評(píng)估膝關(guān)節(jié)結(jié)構(gòu)及軟骨狀態(tài)的報(bào)道也越來越多

      ?;诖殴舱駡D像的人工智能影像分析和深度學(xué)習(xí)系統(tǒng),可實(shí)現(xiàn)膝關(guān)節(jié)韌帶、半月板及髕骨軟骨損傷的自動(dòng)識(shí)別

      。

      2 物理治療

      由于藥物治療的效果有限,目前KOA的治療方式已逐漸從藥物向非藥物治療轉(zhuǎn)變

      。物理治療(Physical Therapy,PT)作為非藥物治療的核心,在骨關(guān)節(jié)炎的治療中始終起著基礎(chǔ)性的作用。常規(guī)的PT包括運(yùn)動(dòng)療法、物理因子及手法治療

      。PT中關(guān)于運(yùn)動(dòng)療法,是指南推薦的一線治療方法

      ,其方式和強(qiáng)度的選擇宜講究個(gè)體化,主要目的是增強(qiáng)膝關(guān)節(jié)周圍肌群力量、提高姿勢(shì)穩(wěn)定性,改善步態(tài)

      。其中:有氧跑步、平衡訓(xùn)練、游泳等均是值得推薦的訓(xùn)練方式,且中等強(qiáng)度的運(yùn)動(dòng)訓(xùn)練(如每天步行一萬步)并不會(huì)加重KOA患者膝關(guān)節(jié)的損傷

      。由于KOA患者容易發(fā)生運(yùn)動(dòng)后疼痛癥狀,采用減重下跑臺(tái)訓(xùn)練可以減少患者的不適感,改善患者的膝關(guān)節(jié)功能并減輕疼痛,效果可持續(xù)至訓(xùn)練后6個(gè)月

      。傳統(tǒng)運(yùn)動(dòng)方面,太極拳和五禽戲亦可以減輕KOA患者的膝關(guān)節(jié)癥狀

      ,且對(duì)生活質(zhì)量的提升和抑郁癥狀的改善效果較常規(guī)運(yùn)動(dòng)訓(xùn)練更佳。各類指南中,PT運(yùn)動(dòng)訓(xùn)練是KOA患者核心的治療手段,而在臨床實(shí)踐中,由于對(duì)運(yùn)動(dòng)的獲益認(rèn)識(shí)不足以及疼痛對(duì)運(yùn)動(dòng)的限制,部分KOA患者甚至恐懼運(yùn)動(dòng)。運(yùn)動(dòng)療法在KOA患者中的使用嚴(yán)重不足,而非甾體類消炎鎮(zhèn)痛藥的使用比例越來越高

      。一項(xiàng)流行病學(xué)報(bào)道顯示,KOA患者中接受PT治療的人數(shù)還不到接受關(guān)節(jié)腔內(nèi)注射糖皮質(zhì)激素人數(shù)的四分之一

      ,臨床實(shí)踐與指南推薦之間還存在很大的差距。PT中關(guān)于物理因子治療,高頻電、超聲波等物理因子對(duì)KOA的治療均有一定作用

      。最新研究發(fā)現(xiàn)沖擊波治療可以減輕KOA的疼痛和功能障礙,且減輕的程度與沖擊波的劑量有關(guān),高強(qiáng)度沖擊波效果更佳

      。此外,PT中的手法治療,雖然在KOA中也經(jīng)常使用,但尚缺少高質(zhì)量的循證醫(yī)學(xué)證據(jù),部分指南甚至不推薦在KOA患者中采用手法治療

      。Deyle

      在《新英格蘭醫(yī)學(xué)雜志》上發(fā)表了一篇探究PT訓(xùn)練與關(guān)節(jié)腔內(nèi)注射糖皮質(zhì)激素療效對(duì)比的研究。該研究中PT訓(xùn)練組所采用的治療方案包含手法物理治療(Manual Physical Therapy,MPT)及強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練兩個(gè)部分,MPT主要進(jìn)行膝關(guān)節(jié)松動(dòng)術(shù)及被動(dòng)活動(dòng),同時(shí)手動(dòng)牽伸膝周圍肌肉以減輕疼痛,手法的強(qiáng)度由物理治療師掌控,待疼痛減輕后再進(jìn)行膝關(guān)節(jié)周圍肌群的強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練

      。結(jié)果顯示1年后PT訓(xùn)練組WOMAC評(píng)分低于激素注射組,且隨著時(shí)間的推移,2組差距更為明顯。在步態(tài)和行走測(cè)試中PT訓(xùn)練組所用時(shí)間也較激素組短,該研究首次通過雙盲對(duì)照試驗(yàn)證實(shí)了物理治療師提供的PT訓(xùn)練對(duì)KOA的良好治療效果。另外,術(shù)前PT介入是當(dāng)前的研究熱點(diǎn),最新的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)術(shù)前PT對(duì)改善腰椎OA患者的行走能力及下肢力量具有明顯作用

      ,這對(duì)KOA的治療也具有較大的借鑒意義。

      3 關(guān)節(jié)腔內(nèi)注射治療

      對(duì)于KOA患者而言,關(guān)節(jié)腔內(nèi)注射給藥與口服和靜脈給藥相比具有生物利用度高、用藥劑量低、副作用少的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。因此,關(guān)節(jié)腔內(nèi)注射是一條不容忽視的治療途徑。糖皮質(zhì)激素是過去常用的關(guān)節(jié)腔內(nèi)注射藥物

      ,但研究發(fā)現(xiàn)使用糖皮質(zhì)激素主要起短期止痛作用,長(zhǎng)期效果不甚明顯,且反復(fù)關(guān)節(jié)腔內(nèi)注射糖皮質(zhì)激素會(huì)導(dǎo)致嚴(yán)重的關(guān)節(jié)軟骨變性,因此不推薦長(zhǎng)期頻繁使用

      。近年來,透明質(zhì)酸鈉(Hyaluronic Acid, HA)和富血小板血漿(Platelet-rich plasma, PRP)在OA中的應(yīng)用越來越多。這些新關(guān)節(jié)腔內(nèi)注射藥物的短期和長(zhǎng)期療效究竟如何,效果有無差異也是科學(xué)家正在探索的焦點(diǎn)。為了探究關(guān)節(jié)腔內(nèi)注射PRP和HA的長(zhǎng)期療效,Cole等

      對(duì)111名患者觀察了1年,而Martino等

      共納入192例患者隨訪了5年。結(jié)果顯示,PRP和HA注射后均能明顯改善KOA患者的疼痛及臨床功能,兩者在主要療效上無顯著性差異。其中Cole發(fā)現(xiàn)PRP和HA注射治療的最佳療效在24周,半年及1年期隨訪時(shí),PRP組的VAS疼痛評(píng)分和膝功能評(píng)分較HA稍好。Martino在持續(xù)5年的療效觀察中發(fā)現(xiàn),PRP和HA的療效都有一定的時(shí)限,約為9~12個(gè)月,PRP組的療效相對(duì)更長(zhǎng),反復(fù)注射率低于HA組。一項(xiàng)匯集了34項(xiàng)臨床研究的Meta分析顯示PRP治療組12個(gè)月時(shí)的效果優(yōu)于生理鹽水對(duì)照組,其對(duì)疼痛的改善優(yōu)于關(guān)節(jié)腔內(nèi)注射糖皮質(zhì)激素

      。另一項(xiàng)基于18項(xiàng)臨床研究的薈萃分析表明:關(guān)節(jié)腔內(nèi)注射PRP較HA效果更佳,其膝關(guān)節(jié)功能改善和疼痛減輕更明顯,且PRP中白細(xì)胞成分多少對(duì)KOA的治療效果有較大影響,去白細(xì)胞PRP的療效優(yōu)于富白細(xì)胞PRP

      。但是,由于PRP存在缺乏標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化流程、異質(zhì)性大、有效成分難以明確等問題,目前部分指南對(duì)PRP治療并未強(qiáng)烈推薦

      。我們需要知道,不管是PRP還是HA,都是在一段時(shí)間內(nèi)改善KOA的癥狀,并不能治愈KOA。近兩年,一些新的疾病修正治療藥物也通過關(guān)節(jié)腔內(nèi)注射發(fā)揮作用,如成纖維細(xì)胞生長(zhǎng)因子-18以及Wnt信號(hào)通路抑制劑,部分藥物即將進(jìn)行Ⅲ期臨床試驗(yàn)

      。關(guān)節(jié)腔內(nèi)注射治療的不良反應(yīng)同樣不能忽視,常見不良反應(yīng)有注射部位感染、局部疼痛、關(guān)節(jié)腫脹等

      。

      4 矯形器

      膝關(guān)節(jié)力學(xué)環(huán)境的持續(xù)變化既是KOA發(fā)生的重要因素,也是KOA長(zhǎng)期進(jìn)展的結(jié)果。既往認(rèn)為通過佩戴矯形器對(duì)膝關(guān)節(jié)生物力線進(jìn)行矯正,理論上對(duì)控制疾病進(jìn)展和緩解疼痛癥狀有幫助。KOA常用的矯形器大致分為膝關(guān)節(jié)免重力矯形器、楔形鞋墊以及生物力學(xué)鞋

      。一項(xiàng)回顧性研究發(fā)現(xiàn)使用定制的矯形鞋調(diào)控足底壓力,可以顯著改善患者的步態(tài)功能,對(duì)患者的膝關(guān)節(jié)功能和生活質(zhì)量有益

      。也有學(xué)者認(rèn)為穿矯形鞋雖可以矯正膝關(guān)節(jié)力線,但生物力線的校正并不一定意味著膝關(guān)節(jié)功能的改善

      。David等

      的研究發(fā)現(xiàn),穿外側(cè)楔形鞋墊可使KOA患者的疼痛評(píng)分稍下降,但僅對(duì)穿戴楔形鞋墊后膝關(guān)節(jié)內(nèi)收角下降的患者有效,且兩組膝關(guān)節(jié)功能改善無明顯差異。臨床實(shí)踐中,矯形鞋對(duì)KOA的治療作用還存在一定爭(zhēng)議

      。Stephan等

      在《美國(guó)醫(yī)學(xué)會(huì)雜志》上發(fā)表了一篇關(guān)于生物力學(xué)鞋治療KOA患者的隨機(jī)對(duì)照研究,值得一提的是該研究為達(dá)到雙盲效果,對(duì)照組采用統(tǒng)一定制的外觀與生物力學(xué)鞋完全相似的普通鞋。結(jié)果顯示:生物力學(xué)鞋組的疼痛評(píng)分和WOMAC評(píng)分在24周時(shí)較對(duì)照組明顯改善,而生活質(zhì)量評(píng)分及止痛藥服用劑量無明顯差異。這一研究表明,使用生物力學(xué)矯形鞋確實(shí)可以改善患者的疼痛癥狀,但對(duì)患者生活的實(shí)際獲益并不明確。一項(xiàng)匯總了15項(xiàng)研究的Meta分析顯示穿戴外側(cè)楔形鞋墊可以輕度改善患者的膝關(guān)節(jié)力線,但更大角度的鞋墊并未顯示出更好的矯正效果

      。我們今后在臨床工作中,矯形鞋的應(yīng)用要注意精準(zhǔn)評(píng)估和個(gè)體化使用,需對(duì)患者的膝關(guān)節(jié)力學(xué)情況進(jìn)行分析并合理選擇患者。同時(shí),我們還應(yīng)將矯形器與運(yùn)動(dòng)訓(xùn)練結(jié)合,達(dá)到事半功倍的效果。

      使用HS編碼來考察中國(guó)和歐盟之間的可再生能源貨物貿(mào)易,使用的可再生能源HS編碼涉及可再生能源所有生產(chǎn)設(shè)備、技術(shù)或特定材料、設(shè)計(jì)、建造或安裝,以及管理、提供、搜集或運(yùn)輸可再生能源電力等。綜合前人文獻(xiàn)研究[6~8],并基于歐盟統(tǒng)計(jì)局著OECD出版的報(bào)告[9],以及國(guó)際貿(mào)易和可持續(xù)發(fā)展中心的報(bào)告[10],文章選取太陽能和風(fēng)能這兩類中國(guó)和歐盟在全球具有一定競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的典型可再生能源為研究對(duì)象,對(duì)應(yīng)的HS編碼如表4所示。

      5 針灸

      干細(xì)胞是一類具有自身增殖和分化潛力的細(xì)胞,特別是間充質(zhì)干細(xì)胞(Mesenchymal stem cells, MSCs),對(duì)于骨關(guān)節(jié)疾病的修復(fù)具有獨(dú)特作用,是再生醫(yī)學(xué)重要的靶細(xì)胞之一

      。目前MSCs對(duì)KOA的治療多處于基礎(chǔ)研究或小樣本的臨床應(yīng)用階段

      ,國(guó)內(nèi)已有5家單位正在開展相關(guān)臨床試驗(yàn),澳大利亞和韓國(guó)已正式批準(zhǔn)其臨床應(yīng)用。常見的MSCs有骨髓、脂肪及臍帶血等多個(gè)來源,各種途徑來源的MSCs的臨床及藥理學(xué)作用需要獨(dú)立驗(yàn)證。Chahal博士

      利用不同劑量的自體骨髓來源MSCs治療了12例KOA患者,結(jié)果表明不同劑量的MSCs對(duì)OA均有治療作用,高劑量組在某些方面的效果更加明顯。Lee等

      研究發(fā)現(xiàn)與生理鹽水相比,自體脂肪來源MSCs可以顯著改善KOA患者的臨床癥狀,經(jīng)磁共振影像檢測(cè)顯示其對(duì)膝關(guān)節(jié)軟骨也有保護(hù)作用。Matas等

      比較了MSCs單次注射與重復(fù)注射的療效差異,結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)重復(fù)注射臍帶血來源MSCs的效果更佳。也有研究提示單次注射和兩次注射在12個(gè)月時(shí)的膝關(guān)節(jié)功能評(píng)分無顯著差異

      。一項(xiàng)匯集了18項(xiàng)研究的Meta分析顯示膝關(guān)節(jié)腔內(nèi)注射MSCs可以改善12個(gè)月的膝關(guān)節(jié)功能評(píng)分及步態(tài)功能,總不良事件的發(fā)生率約為12.7%

      。除MSCs外,還有間充質(zhì)前體細(xì)胞

      、自體基質(zhì)血管部分都可作為移植成分

      。總的來說:當(dāng)前的多項(xiàng)臨床研究均表明間充質(zhì)干細(xì)胞對(duì)KOA的癥狀有改善作用,且療效較PRP等常規(guī)方法更持久,但對(duì)干細(xì)胞的來源、培養(yǎng)方式、注射劑量及頻次等方便尚需進(jìn)一步深入研究。目前關(guān)于MSCs治療KOA的機(jī)制還未完全明確,多數(shù)學(xué)者認(rèn)為是MSCs旁分泌多種營(yíng)養(yǎng)因子改善了膝關(guān)節(jié)局部的微環(huán)境,進(jìn)而促進(jìn)血管新生及減輕軟骨變性

      。

      6 干細(xì)胞療法

      目前對(duì)于傳統(tǒng)針灸及電針在膝關(guān)節(jié)骨性關(guān)節(jié)炎的治療作用,國(guó)際上尚未完全認(rèn)可,相關(guān)的國(guó)際指南推薦級(jí)別較低

      。針灸在國(guó)內(nèi)應(yīng)用比較廣泛,針灸對(duì)骨關(guān)節(jié)炎的治療主要是在控制疼痛方面。關(guān)于針灸治療KOA的臨床研究結(jié)果差異較大。早期國(guó)外研究發(fā)現(xiàn):在PT訓(xùn)練和口服止痛藥的基礎(chǔ)上聯(lián)合針灸治療可以改善KOA患者的膝功能評(píng)分,但針灸和假針刺組的效果無顯著差異

      。也有研究發(fā)現(xiàn):針灸治療與假針刺及對(duì)照組相比能顯著改善慢性KOA患者的WOMAC膝關(guān)節(jié)功能評(píng)分

      。針灸聯(lián)合非甾體類鎮(zhèn)痛藥對(duì)KOA療效顯著

      。Hinman等

      發(fā)現(xiàn)對(duì)于慢性膝痛患者,針灸能稍減輕12周時(shí)膝關(guān)節(jié)疼痛,但差別無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義,效果在一年隨訪時(shí)消失。該研究因入選患者病情過重,隨機(jī)分組方法不嚴(yán)謹(jǐn),未采用針灸手法及“得氣”概念等原因,其結(jié)果受到部分國(guó)內(nèi)專家的質(zhì)疑

      。最新一項(xiàng)前瞻性臨床研究表明

      :對(duì)于KOA患者,手法針灸和電針灸對(duì)膝關(guān)節(jié)功能和疼痛的改善優(yōu)于對(duì)照組,差別在16周及26周時(shí)最明顯。關(guān)于針灸治療的頻率,每周3次的效果明顯優(yōu)于每周1次

      。此外,電針灸同樣能改善KOA患者的疼痛和膝關(guān)節(jié)功能,且強(qiáng)電流(>2mA)較弱電流(<0.5mA)效果更好

      。關(guān)于針灸控制疼痛的機(jī)制,有研究認(rèn)為與針灸預(yù)防疼痛相關(guān)腦區(qū)的皮質(zhì)變薄和功能連通性降低有關(guān)

      。在功能磁共振檢測(cè)下可以發(fā)現(xiàn)針灸得氣時(shí)大腦-邊緣系統(tǒng)整體信號(hào)強(qiáng)度降低

      。也有研究發(fā)現(xiàn)針灸可以促進(jìn)腦內(nèi)具有鎮(zhèn)痛作用的化學(xué)物質(zhì)(如5-羥色胺、內(nèi)啡肽等)分泌

      。一項(xiàng)匯集了8項(xiàng)研究的Meta分析表明

      :針灸與KOA的疼痛和功能狀態(tài)有關(guān),且包含治療時(shí)間、頻率、穴位選擇、是否得氣等評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)的“高強(qiáng)度”針灸效果更佳。未來,對(duì)于傳統(tǒng)針灸在KOA治療中的應(yīng)用,應(yīng)該遵循科學(xué)的方法,規(guī)范治療強(qiáng)度、時(shí)間、及取針穴位,正確地應(yīng)用

      。鼓勵(lì)有條件的單位積極開展臨床研究,科學(xué)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)南蛲饨缯宫F(xiàn)針灸的臨床效果,

      7 結(jié)語與展望

      KOA的康復(fù)治療近兩年取得了日新月異的進(jìn)展

      ,因篇幅有限,本文僅列舉其中最具代表性的幾個(gè)方面。各種治療方法并不是孤立的,可以共同作用、相輔相成。其中,PT訓(xùn)練的基礎(chǔ)地位仍然不可動(dòng)搖,但要遵循標(biāo)準(zhǔn)科學(xué)的方法。關(guān)節(jié)腔注射治療,包括注射糖皮質(zhì)激素、HA、PRP甚至間充質(zhì)干細(xì)胞等在KOA的疼痛控制上具有較大優(yōu)勢(shì),但要了解其各自的局限性,實(shí)現(xiàn)最合理地使用。

      農(nóng)歷正月十六,家中的老奶奶或媽媽聞雞而起,從北鍋臺(tái)鍋底取下鍋底黑灰,在睡夢(mèng)香甜中的兒孫們的腦門上或臉上抹上點(diǎn)黑灰,目的是避免兒孫們受到鬼怪邪魔的侵?jǐn)_,保佑兒孫們一年平安。年輕人都起得很早,帶著鍋底黑灰到親屬家、到左臨右舍家相互涂抹黑灰。有的懶散的人起的晚了,在被窩里就被人家抹的滿臉黑,走在大街上的人們不論認(rèn)識(shí)與否,都會(huì)趁對(duì)方不備,突然襲擊,抹個(gè)滿臉黑。這一天,最倒霉的是當(dāng)嫂子的,她們成了前來抹黑者的主攻對(duì)象,孩子們也屋里屋外你追我趕,相互涂抹,活動(dòng)場(chǎng)面非?;钴S熱鬧。

      在《結(jié)婚十年》的文章開頭,描寫了一場(chǎng)熱鬧繁雜的新舊結(jié)合的婚禮場(chǎng)面?;槎Y是在非常新潮的“青年會(huì)”舉行的,但是新娘子卻要坐著一頂“漆黑悶氣煞人”的大花轎去,丈夫是由父母包辦的。在熱鬧的背景之下,女主人公蘇懷青卻表現(xiàn)地異常冷靜,內(nèi)心沒有絲毫出嫁的欣喜之感。面對(duì)著婚禮中復(fù)雜嚇人的舊習(xí)俗,內(nèi)心還頗有不滿:“不一會(huì),吹打手在房門口‘催妝’了,我拿被蒙住了頭,任他們一遍,二遍,三遍的催去,照例不作理會(huì),正想朦朧入睡時(shí),伴娘卻來推醒我了。”這種不符合傳統(tǒng)女子常規(guī)行為的大膽舉動(dòng),正是女性內(nèi)心渴望追求平等、反抗舊習(xí)俗的訴求,是開始對(duì)于追求“人”的獨(dú)立的萌芽。

      需要指出的是,KOA的治療是一個(gè)綜合的過程,包含藥物、康復(fù)、心理、手術(shù)等多個(gè)方面。當(dāng)前的藥物治療和康復(fù)主要作用在癥狀控制和改善功能方面,缺乏可直接控制疾病進(jìn)展和治愈疾病的方法,這是我們未來需努力的方向,干細(xì)胞療法在這方面具有較大潛力。

      [1] Wallace I J, Worthington S, Felson D T, et al. Knee osteoarthritis has doubled in prevalence since the mid-20th century[J]. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 2017,114(35):9332-9336.

      [2] Jacob L, Tanislav C, Kostev K. Osteoarthritis and incidence of stroke and transient ischemic attack in 320,136 adults followed in general practices in the United Kingdom[J]. Joint Bone Spine, 2021,88(2):105104.

      [3] Roos E M, Arden N K. Strategies for the prevention of knee osteoarthritis[J]. Nat Rev Rheumatol, 2016,12(2):92-101.

      [4] Lin J, Fransen M, Kang X, et al. Marked disability and high use of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs associated with knee osteoarthritis in rural China: a cross-sectional population-based survey[J]. Arthritis Res Ther, 2010,12(6):R225.

      [5] Kolasinski S L, Neogi T, Hochberg M C, et al. 2019 American College of Rheumatology/Arthritis Foundation Guideline for the Management of Osteoarthritis of the Hand, Hip, and Knee[J]. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken), 2020,72(2):149-162.

      [6] Liu Q, Niu J, Li H, et al. Knee Symptomatic Osteoarthritis, Walking Disability, NSAIDs Use and All-cause Mortality: Population-based Wuchuan Osteoarthritis Study[J]. Sci Rep, 2017,7(1):3309.

      [7] Smith TO, Hawker GA, Hunter DJ, et al. The OMERACT-OARSI Core Domain Set for Measurement in Clinical Trials of Hip and/or Knee Osteoarthritis. J Rheumatol. 2019;46(8):981-989.

      [8] Collins N J, Misra D, Felson D T, et al. Measures of knee function: International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) Subjective Knee Evaluation Form, Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS), Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score Physical Function Short Form (KOOS-PS), Knee Outcome Survey Activities of Daily Living Scale (KOS-ADL), Lysholm Knee Scoring Scale, Oxford Knee Score (OKS), Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), Activity Rating Scale (ARS), and Tegner Activity Score (TAS)[J]. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken), 2011,63 Suppl 11:S208-S228.

      [9] Kijowski R, Demehri S, Roemer F, et al. Osteoarthritis year in review 2019: imaging[J]. Osteoarthritis Cartilage, 2020,28(3):285-295.

      [10] Pedoia V, Norman B, Mehany S N, et al. 3D convolutional neural networks for detection and severity staging of meniscus and PFJ cartilage morphological degenerative changes in osteoarthritis and anterior cruciate ligament subjects[J]. J Magn Reson Imaging, 2019,49(2):400-410.

      [11] Chang G H, Felson D T, Qiu S, et al. Assessment of knee pain from MR imaging using a convolutional Siamese network[J]. Eur Radiol, 2020,30(6):3538-3548.

      [12] Chaudhari A S, Stevens K J, Wood J P, et al. Utility of deep learning super-resolution in the context of osteoarthritis MRI biomarkers[J]. J Magn Reson Imaging, 2020,51(3):768-779.

      [13] Sharma L. Osteoarthritis of the Knee[J]. N Engl J Med, 2021,384(1):51-59.

      [14] 黃曉琳, 勵(lì)建安. 康復(fù)醫(yī)學(xué)(第六版)[M]. 北京:人民衛(wèi)生出版社, 2018:102-114.

      [15] Kolasinski S L, Neogi T, Hochberg M C, et al. 2019 American College of Rheumatology/Arthritis Foundation Guideline for the Management of Osteoarthritis of the Hand, Hip, and Knee[J]. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken), 2020,72(2):149-162.

      [16] 中華醫(yī)學(xué)會(huì)骨科學(xué)分會(huì)關(guān)節(jié)外科學(xué)組. 骨關(guān)節(jié)炎診療指南(2018年版)[J]. 中華骨科雜志, 2018,38(12):705-715.

      [17] Bannuru R R, Osani M C, Vaysbrot E E, et al. OARSI guidelines for the non-surgical management of knee, hip, and polyarticular osteoarthritis[J]. Osteoarthritis Cartilage, 2019,27(11):1578-1589.

      [18] 彭曉靜, 董心, 鐘連超, 等. 不同訓(xùn)練方式對(duì)膝骨關(guān)節(jié)炎患者姿勢(shì)穩(wěn)定性研究探討[J]. 中國(guó)康復(fù), 2020,35(5):269-272.

      [19] Peeler J, Leiter J, MacDonald P. Effect of Body Weight-Supported Exercise on Symptoms of Knee Osteoarthritis: A Follow-up Investigation[J]. Clin J Sport Med, 2020,30(6):e178-e185.

      [20] Wang C, Schmid C H, Iversen M D, et al. Comparative Effectiveness of Tai Chi Versus Physical Therapy for Knee Osteoarthritis: A Randomized Trial[J]. Ann Intern Med, 2016,165(2):77-86.

      [21] Xiao C M, Li J J, Kang Y, et al. Follow-up of a Wuqinxi exercise at home programme to reduce pain and improve function for knee osteoarthritis in older people: a randomised controlled trial[J]. Age Ageing, 2021,50(2):570-575.

      [22] Khoja S S, Almeida G J, Freburger J K. Recommendation Rates for Physical Therapy, Lifestyle Counseling, and Pain Medications for Managing Knee Osteoarthritis in Ambulatory Care Settings: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of the National Ambulatory Care Survey (2007-2015)[J]. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken), 2020,72(2):184-192.

      [23] Dhawan A, Mather R R, Karas V, et al. An epidemiologic analysis of clinical practice guidelines for non-arthroplasty treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee[J]. Arthroscopy, 2014,30(1):65-71.

      [24] Uysal A, Yildizgoren M T, Guler H, et al. Effects of radial extracorporeal shock wave therapy on clinical variables and isokinetic performance in patients with knee osteoarthritis: a prospective, randomized, single-blind and controlled trial[J]. Int Orthop, 2020,44(7):1311-1319.

      [25] 葉海霞, 譚波濤, 賈功偉, 等. 膝關(guān)節(jié)骨性關(guān)節(jié)炎的物理治療進(jìn)展[J]. 中華物理醫(yī)學(xué)與康復(fù)雜志, 2020,42(9):853-857.

      [26] Zhang Y F, Liu Y, Chou S W, et al. Dose-related effects of radial extracorporeal shock wave therapy for knee osteoarthritis: A randomized controlled trial[J]. J Rehabil Med, 2021,53(1):m144.

      [27] Deyle G D, Allen C S, Allison S C, et al. Physical Therapy versus Glucocorticoid Injection for Osteoarthritis of the Knee[J]. N Engl J Med, 2020,382(15):1420-1429.

      [28] Deyle G D, Gill N W, Rhon D I, et al. A multicenter randomised, 1-year comparative effectiveness, parallel-group trial protocol of a physical therapy approach compared to corticosteroid injection on pain and function related to knee osteoarthritis (PTA Trial)[J]. BMJ Open, 2016,6(3):e10528.

      [29] Fors M, Enthoven P, Abbott A, et al. Effects of pre-surgery physiotherapy on walking ability and lower extremity strength in patients with degenerative lumbar spine disorder: Secondary outcomes of the PREPARE randomised controlled trial[J]. BMC Musculoskelet Disord, 2019,20(1):468.

      [30] Matzkin E G, Curry E J, Kong Q, et al. Efficacy and Treatment Response of Intra-articular Corticosteroid Injections in Patients With Symptomatic Knee Osteoarthritis[J]. Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, 2017,25(10):703-714.

      [31] He W W, Kuang M J, Zhao J, et al. Efficacy and safety of intraarticular hyaluronic acid and corticosteroid for knee osteoarthritis: A meta-analysis[J]. Int J Surg, 2017,39(1):95-103.

      [32] Bedard N A, DeMik D E, Glass N A, et al. Impact of Clinical Practice Guidelines on Use of Intra-Articular Hyaluronic Acid and Corticosteroid Injections for Knee Osteoarthritis[J]. J Bone Joint Surg Am, 2018,100(10):827-834.

      [33] McAlindon T E, LaValley M P, Harvey W F, et al. Effect of Intra-articular Triamcinolone vs Saline on Knee Cartilage Volume and Pain in Patients With Knee Osteoarthritis: A Randomized Clinical Trial[J]. JAMA, 2017,317(19):1967-1975.

      [34] Cole B J, Karas V, Hussey K, et al. Hyaluronic Acid Versus Platelet-Rich Plasma: A Prospective, Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing Clinical Outcomes and Effects on Intra-articular Biology for the Treatment of Knee Osteoarthritis[J]. Am J Sports Med, 2017,45(2):339-346.

      [35] Di Martino A, Di Matteo B, Papio T, et al. Platelet-Rich Plasma Versus Hyaluronic Acid Injections for the Treatment of Knee Osteoarthritis: Results at 5 Years of a Double-Blind, Randomized Controlled Trial[J]. Am J Sports Med, 2019,47(2):347-354.

      [36] Filardo G, Previtali D, Napoli F, et al. PRP Injections for the Treatment of Knee Osteoarthritis: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials[J]. Cartilage, 2020:doi: 10.1177/1947603520931170. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 32551947.

      [37] Belk J W, Kraeutler M J, Houck D A, et al. Platelet-Rich Plasma Versus Hyaluronic Acid for Knee Osteoarthritis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials[J]. Am J Sports Med, 2021,49(1):249-260.

      [38] Oo W M, Liu X, Hunter D J. Pharmacodynamics, efficacy, safety and administration of intra-articular therapies for knee osteoarthritis[J]. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol, 2019,15(12):1021-1032.

      [39] Kompel A J, Roemer F W, Murakami A M, et al. Intra-articular Corticosteroid Injections in the Hip and Knee: Perhaps Not as Safe as We Thought?[J]. Radiology, 2019,293(3):656-663.

      [40] 張旻, 龐堅(jiān), 陳博, 等. 矯形輔具治療膝骨關(guān)節(jié)炎的研究進(jìn)展[J]. 中國(guó)康復(fù), 2017,32(06):526-528.

      [41] Miles C, Greene A. The effect of treatment with a non-invasive foot worn biomechanical device on subjective and objective measures in patients with knee osteoarthritis- a retrospective analysis on a UK population[J]. BMC Musculoskelet Disord, 2020,21(1):386.

      [42] Zafar A Q, Zamani R, Akrami M. The effectiveness of foot orthoses in the treatment of medial knee osteoarthritis: A systematic review[J]. Gait Posture, 2020,76(1):238-251.

      [43] Felson D T, Parkes M, Carter S, et al. The Efficacy of a Lateral Wedge Insole for Painful Medial Knee Osteoarthritis After Prescreening: A Randomized Clinical Trial[J]. Arthritis Rheumatol, 2019,71(6):908-915.

      [44] Wagner A, Luna S. Effect of Footwear on Joint Pain and Function in Older Adults With Lower Extremity Osteoarthritis[J]. J Geriatr Phys Ther, 2018,41(2):85-101.

      [45] Reichenbach S, Felson D T, Hincapie C A, et al. Effect of Biomechanical Footwear on Knee Pain in People With Knee Osteoarthritis: The BIOTOK Randomized Clinical Trial[J]. JAMA, 2020,323(18):1802-1812.

      [46] Ferreira V, Simoes R, Goncalves R S, et al. The optimal degree of lateral wedge insoles for reducing knee joint load: a systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. Arch Physiother, 2019,9(1):1-12.

      [47] Scharf H P, Mansmann U, Streitberger K, et al. Acupuncture and knee osteoarthritis: a three-armed randomized trial[J]. Ann Intern Med, 2006,145(1):12-20.

      [48] Witt C, Brinkhaus B, Jena S, et al. Acupuncture in patients with osteoarthritis of the knee: a randomised trial[J]. Lancet, 2005,366(9480):136-143.

      [49] Mavrommatis C I, Argyra E, Vadalouka A, et al. Acupuncture as an adjunctive therapy to pharmacological treatment in patients with chronic pain due to osteoarthritis of the knee: a 3-armed, randomized, placebo-controlled trial[J]. Pain, 2012,153(8):1720-1726.

      [50] Vas J, Mendez C, Perea-Milla E, et al. Acupuncture as a complementary therapy to the pharmacological treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee: randomised controlled trial[J]. BMJ, 2004,329(7476):1216.

      [51] Hinman R S, McCrory P, Pirotta M, et al. Acupuncture for chronic knee pain: a randomized clinical trial[J]. JAMA, 2014,312(13):1313-1322.

      [52] Yang M, Yang J, Zheng H, et al. [Comments on "Acupuncture for chronic knee pain: a randomized clinical trial" from Journal of the American Medical Association][J]. Zhongguo Zhen Jiu, 2015,35(3):299-304.

      [53] Tu J F, Yang J W, Shi G X, et al. Efficacy of Intensive Acupuncture Versus Sham Acupuncture in Knee Osteoarthritis: A Randomized Controlled Trial[J]. Arthritis Rheumatol, 2021,73(3):448-458.

      [54] Lin L L, Tu J F, Wang L Q, et al. Acupuncture of different treatment frequencies in knee osteoarthritis: a pilot randomised controlled trial[J]. Pain, 2020,161(11):2532-2538.

      [55] Lv Z T, Shen L L, Zhu B, et al. Effects of intensity of electroacupuncture on chronic pain in patients with knee osteoarthritis: a randomized controlled trial[J]. Arthritis Res Ther, 2019,21(1):120.

      [56] Chen X, Spaeth R B, Retzepi K, et al. Acupuncture modulates cortical thickness and functional connectivity in knee osteoarthritis patients[J]. Sci Rep, 2014,4(1):1-7.

      [57] Hui K K, Liu J, Marina O, et al. The integrated response of the human cerebro-cerebellar and limbic systems to acupuncture stimulation at ST 36 as evidenced by fMRI[J]. Neuroimage, 2005,27(3):479-496.

      [58] Han J S. Acupuncture and endorphins[J]. Neurosci Lett, 2004,361(1-3):258-261.

      [59] Sun N, Tu J F, Lin L L, et al. Correlation between acupuncture dose and effectiveness in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis: a systematic review[J]. Acupunct Med, 2019,37(5):261-267.

      [60] Sun N, Wang L Q, Shao J K, et al. An expert consensus to standardize acupuncture treatment for knee osteoarthritis[J]. Acupunct Med, 2020,38(5):327-334.

      [61] 黃梁江, 陳紅. 干細(xì)胞的臨床研究與轉(zhuǎn)化[J]. 內(nèi)科急危重癥雜志, 2020,26(2):104-108.

      [62] Arshi A, Petrigliano F A, Williams R J, et al. Stem Cell Treatment for Knee Articular Cartilage Defects and Osteoarthritis[J]. Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med, 2020,13(1):20-27.

      [63] Chahal J, Gomez-Aristizabal A, Shestopaloff K, et al. Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Treatment in Patients with Osteoarthritis Results in Overall Improvement in Pain and Symptoms and Reduces Synovial Inflammation[J]. Stem Cells Transl Med, 2019,8(8):746-757.

      [64] Lee W S, Kim H J, Kim K I, et al. Intra-Articular Injection of Autologous Adipose Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells for the Treatment of Knee Osteoarthritis: A Phase IIb, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial[J]. Stem Cells Transl Med, 2019,8(6):504-511.

      [65] Matas J, Orrego M, Amenabar D, et al. Umbilical Cord-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (MSCs) for Knee Osteoarthritis: Repeated MSC Dosing Is Superior to a Single MSC Dose and to Hyaluronic Acid in a Controlled Randomized Phase I/II Trial[J]. Stem Cells Transl Med, 2019,8(3):215-224.

      [66] Freitag J, Bates D, Wickham J, et al. Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell therapy in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis: a randomized controlled trial[J]. Regen Med, 2019,14(3):213-230.

      [67] Migliorini F, Rath B, Colarossi G, et al. Improved outcomes after mesenchymal stem cells injections for knee osteoarthritis: results at 12-months follow-up: a systematic review of the literature[J]. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg, 2020,140(7):853-868.

      [68] Lu L, Dai C, Zhang Z, et al. Treatment of knee osteoarthritis with intra-articular injection of autologous adipose-derived mesenchymal progenitor cells: a prospective, randomized, double-blind, active-controlled, phase IIb clinical trial[J]. Stem Cell Res Ther, 2019,10(1):143.

      [69] Garza J R, Campbell R E, Tjoumakaris F P, et al. Clinical Efficacy of Intra-articular Mesenchymal Stromal Cells for the Treatment of Knee Osteoarthritis: A Double-Blinded Prospective Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial[J]. Am J Sports Med, 2020,48(3):588-598.

      [70] Lee W Y, Wang B. Cartilage repair by mesenchymal stem cells: Clinical trial update and perspectives[J]. J Orthop Translat, 2017,9(1):76-88.

      [71] Whittaker J L, Truong L K, Dhiman K, et al. Osteoarthritis year in review 2020: rehabilitation and outcomes[J]. Osteoarthritis Cartilage, 2021,29(2):190-207.

      猜你喜歡
      針灸膝關(guān)節(jié)關(guān)節(jié)
      Las nueve agujas de Fuxi Cómo surgieron estos implementos para practicar la acupuntura
      膝關(guān)節(jié)置換要不要做,何時(shí)做比較好
      中老年保健(2022年7期)2022-09-20 01:05:16
      老年人應(yīng)注重呵護(hù)膝關(guān)節(jié)
      冬天來了,怎樣保護(hù)膝關(guān)節(jié)?
      Efficacy of acupuncture on treating obesity and adipose-incurred illnesses
      戶外徒步運(yùn)動(dòng)中膝關(guān)節(jié)的損傷與預(yù)防
      中醫(yī)針灸的發(fā)展與傳承
      用跟骨解剖鋼板內(nèi)固定術(shù)治療跟骨骨折合并跟距關(guān)節(jié)及跟骰關(guān)節(jié)損傷的效果探討
      miRNA-140、MMP-3在OA關(guān)節(jié)滑液中的表達(dá)及相關(guān)性研究
      給手指“松關(guān)節(jié)”為何會(huì)發(fā)出聲響
      天津市| 泗水县| 清涧县| 叶城县| 宿松县| 勐海县| 体育| 重庆市| 元江| 襄城县| 涪陵区| 齐河县| 朔州市| 双柏县| 榆中县| 海兴县| 武夷山市| 晋江市| 龙游县| 宁波市| 灌南县| 濮阳市| 诸城市| 福建省| 金坛市| 天台县| 长春市| 衡水市| 长治县| 巴林左旗| 河北区| 洛宁县| 滨海县| 会同县| 石景山区| 丘北县| 稻城县| 贡觉县| 东丰县| 平陆县| 鲁山县|