英語(yǔ)書(shū)面表達(dá)的高分技巧

龐振芳

盡管新高考英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作第二節(jié)有了讀后續(xù)寫(xiě)，但寫(xiě)作的第一節(jié)，同原高考的書(shū)面表達(dá)一樣，依然是高考語(yǔ)言技能中的一個(gè)重要組成部分。它要求考生根據(jù)所給的情景，用英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)一篇約80詞的短文（原高考書(shū)面表達(dá)是約100詞）。從近幾年高考英語(yǔ)書(shū)面表達(dá)來(lái)看，考得最多的是書(shū)信、郵件、發(fā)言稿、通知、投稿等。內(nèi)容與考生的學(xué)習(xí)和生活密切相關(guān)。只要你能用初中學(xué)過(guò)的單詞和句型按要求表達(dá)完所有要點(diǎn)，就可以拿到六成的分?jǐn)?shù)。但是如果你想要獲得高分或滿分，就須恰當(dāng)運(yùn)用一些高中詞匯和高級(jí)句型來(lái)表達(dá)了。下面筆者談?wù)勗鯓訉?xiě)出精彩的高分作文。

一、巧用高級(jí)句型，彰顯語(yǔ)言能力

1. 同位語(yǔ)

同位語(yǔ)通常由一個(gè)名詞或名詞短語(yǔ)充當(dāng)，用以解釋或補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明它前面的一個(gè)名詞。寫(xiě)作中介紹或涉及人物、地點(diǎn)、場(chǎng)館、景點(diǎn)、古跡、書(shū)籍、影片、體育項(xiàng)目等等，都可能用到同位語(yǔ)。

[例1]知道你們英語(yǔ)報(bào)社在為Best Helper Award挑選人選，我迫不及待地推薦交流生Tom，他總是樂(lè)于助人。

Learning that your English newspaper is selecting someone for the Best Helper Award， I cant wait to recommend Tom， an exchange student， who is always ready to help others.

2. 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞

即恰當(dāng)運(yùn)用現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)、過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)、不定式短語(yǔ)和動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)。其中，最常用也最能體現(xiàn)寫(xiě)作功底的是現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)。

（1）現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)

[例2]我從報(bào)紙上得知北京冬奧會(huì)需要一些英語(yǔ)志愿者，我特意寫(xiě)信申請(qǐng)當(dāng)志愿者。

Learning from the newspaper that some English volunteers are needed for the Beijing Winter Olympics， I am writing to apply to be one of them.

[例3]我們沐浴在陽(yáng)光中，享受著新鮮的空氣，欣賞著美麗的風(fēng)景。

We were bathed in sunlight， enjoying the fresh air and beautiful scenery.

（2）過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)

[例4]位于北京西北部，頤和園是清朝最有意義的皇家園林。

Located（=Lying）in northwest Beijing， the Old Summer Palace is the most magnificent royal garden of the Qing Dynasty.

（3）不定式短語(yǔ)

[例5]要更好地了解這個(gè)劇本，你可以在網(wǎng)上搜查一下，對(duì)它的背景了解更多。

To have a better understanding of the play， you can search the Internet and learn more about its background.

[例6]我特意寫(xiě)信邀請(qǐng)你參加下周三在我們學(xué)校舉行的體育藝術(shù)節(jié)。

Im writing to invite you to take part in the sports and art festival to be held in our school next Wednesday.

[例7]代表我們班發(fā)言，我感到很榮幸。

I feel honored to deliver a speech on behalf of our class.

（4）動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)

[例8]盼望著很快收到你的來(lái)信。

Looking forward to hearing from you soon.

3. 強(qiáng)調(diào)句型

即“It is/was +被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that+其余部分”句型，除謂語(yǔ)外，各個(gè)成分均可用此句型強(qiáng)調(diào)。

[例9]就是李老師的鼓勵(lì)和幫助讓我有了自信心。

It was Mr. Lis encouragement and help that made me have self-confidence.

4. 倒裝句

在寫(xiě)作中用得最多的是以下兩個(gè)倒裝句型：

（1）“only +狀語(yǔ)”位于句首的部分倒裝句

[例10]只有通過(guò)改變我們的生活方式我們才能保護(hù)環(huán)境。

Only by changing the way we live can we protect the environment.

（2）not only...but also...連接兩個(gè)并列句時(shí)，not only后的這個(gè)分句用部分倒裝。

[例11]這次活動(dòng)受到了師生的高度評(píng)價(jià)，因?yàn)樗粌H是一次鍛煉的機(jī)會(huì)，而且還是考生培養(yǎng)團(tuán)隊(duì)精神合適的場(chǎng)合。

The activity was highly spoken of by both the teachers and students， for not only was it a chance to exercise， but also it was a proper occasion for the students to cultivate team spirit.

[例12]我們的到訪不僅會(huì)給老人帶來(lái)幫助，而且也會(huì)讓他們感到被人關(guān)愛(ài)。

Not only will our visit bring the elderly help， but it will also make them feel loved and cared.

5. 含蓄虛擬條件句

可以含蓄表達(dá)虛擬條件的有詞but for（要不是）， without（如果沒(méi)有）， or， otherwise（否則）等。

[例13]沒(méi)有/要不是你慷慨的幫助，我可能就會(huì)輟學(xué)了。

Without / But for your generous help， I could have dropped out of school.

6. 三大從句

是指定語(yǔ)從句、名詞性從句和狀語(yǔ)從句。其中，定語(yǔ)從句跟漢語(yǔ)的表達(dá)方式不同，掌握起來(lái)相對(duì)較難，恰當(dāng)運(yùn)用定語(yǔ)從句，尤其是非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，更能彰顯考生的語(yǔ)言能力。

（1）定語(yǔ)從句

包括使用限制性、非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。

[例14]我是李華，一個(gè)正在倫敦參加暑期課程的中國(guó)考生。

Im Li Hua， a Chinese student who is taking a summer course in London now.

[例15]作為中國(guó)的首都，北京是華北最大的城市，在那里你可以參觀很多名勝。

As the capital of China， Beijing is the largest city in North China， where you can visit many places of interest.

[例16]中國(guó)農(nóng)歷8月15的中秋節(jié)，是家庭團(tuán)聚的時(shí)候。

The Mid-Autumn Festival， which falls on August 15 of Chinese Lunar Calendar， is meant to be an occasion（moment）for family reunions.

[例17]非常感謝你邀請(qǐng)我參加你的生日晚會(huì)，但我遺憾地告訴你，我不能接受你的友好邀請(qǐng)，為此我想真誠(chéng)地向你道歉。

Thank you very much for inviting me to your birthday party， but I regret to tell you that I am unable to accept your kind invitation， for which I would like to apologize to you sincerely.

[例18]我熟練掌握英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)，這讓我流利地跟人交流。

I have a good command of spoken English， which allows me to communicate with others fluently.

[例19]上周五在學(xué)校的足球場(chǎng)舉行了精彩的跳繩比賽，其目的是豐富考生的生活，增強(qiáng)體質(zhì)，緩解學(xué)習(xí)壓力。

A wonderful skipping competition was held on the school football field last Friday， whose purpose is to enrich the students lives， build them up and relieve their academic stress.

[例20]眾所周知，熟能生巧。

As we all know/As is known to us all， practice makes perfect.

（2）名詞性從句

即主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句、同語(yǔ)從句。

[例21]此外，讓我感到最擔(dān)心的是考試時(shí)我真的很緊張。（主語(yǔ)從句，表語(yǔ)從句）

Besides， what worries me most is that I am really nervous when taking exam.

[例22]我想知道學(xué)校能否在周?chē)喾劈c(diǎn)垃圾箱并制定反對(duì)亂扔垃圾的具體規(guī)定。（賓語(yǔ)從句）

I wonder if the school could place more dustbins around and set up specific rules against littering.

[例23]我堅(jiān)信在你的幫助下我們的研學(xué)將是一次難忘的經(jīng)歷。（賓語(yǔ)從句）

Im convinced that our field trip will be an unforgettable experience with your help.

[例24]那是我推薦長(zhǎng)城給你的原因。（表語(yǔ)從句）

That is why I recommend the Great Wall to you.

[例25]盡管事實(shí)上我學(xué)習(xí)落后于別人，我不灰心。（同位語(yǔ)從句）

In spite of the fact that I fall behind others in study， I dont lose heart.

（3）狀語(yǔ)從句

包括時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句、原因狀語(yǔ)從句、條件狀語(yǔ)從句、目的狀語(yǔ)從句、結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句、讓步狀語(yǔ)從句等。

[例26]如果你能考慮一下我的申請(qǐng)，我會(huì)很感激的。

I would appreciate it if you could take my application into account/consideration.

[例27]因?yàn)橄轮芪迨墙刂谷掌冢阍谥芩那鞍颜撐陌l(fā)給我好嗎？

Since the deadline is next Friday， would you please send the paper to me before Thursday？（原因狀語(yǔ)從句）

[例28]起先，我覺(jué)得學(xué)英語(yǔ)很難，以致我都想放棄了。

In the beginning， I felt it so difficult to learn English that I wanted to give it up.（結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句）

此外，恰當(dāng)運(yùn)用諺語(yǔ)或俗話，也是高考增分的一個(gè)亮點(diǎn)。

[例29]As the saying goes，“Every coin has two sides”。俗話說(shuō)“凡事都有兩面”。

二、妙用銜接詞語(yǔ)，確保行文流暢

能使篇章渾然一體的就是恰當(dāng)使用銜接詞。這些銜接詞在句與句之間、段與段之間起承上啟下的作用，使文章前后連貫、結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊、過(guò)渡自然，從而提升表達(dá)的層次，成為增分的亮點(diǎn)。

1. 表示起始與時(shí)間順序銜接詞

常用的有to begin/start with， first/firstly， first of all， next， then， after that， later， soon， finally， in the end， eventually， at last， recently等。

[例30]首先，最重要的事情是設(shè)個(gè)目標(biāo)，制定個(gè)計(jì)劃，然后一步一步地執(zhí)行。

First of all， the most important thing is to set a goal， work out a plan and then carry it out step by step.

2. 表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的銜接詞

主要有yet， and yet， but， while（雖然）， although， though， on the contrary， however等。

[例31]雖然網(wǎng)上購(gòu)物給我們的生活帶來(lái)很大的便利，但它也會(huì)造成一些問(wèn)題。

While/Though/Although shopping on the Internet brings great convenience to our life， it also causes some problems.

Or： Shopping on the Internet brings great convenience to our life， yet/and yet /but it also causes some problems.

[例32]然而當(dāng)時(shí)我忙于期末考試，這對(duì)我很重要。

However， I was busy preparing for my final exam at that time， which was of great importance to me.

3. 表示列舉與遞進(jìn)關(guān)系的銜接詞

主要有that is（to say）， in other words， such as， for instance， and so on， not only...but（also）， whats more， whats worse， besides， in addition， worse still， moreover， above all， on（the）one hand， on the other hand; for one thing， for another等。

[例33]一方面，做兼職工作我可以賺錢(qián);另一方面，我可以從中獲得一些經(jīng)驗(yàn)。

For one thing， I can earn some money by taking part in a part-time job; for another， I can gain some experience from it.

[例34]此外，我是繪畫(huà)俱樂(lè)部的成員，從中我積累了社交經(jīng)驗(yàn)和不同繪畫(huà)風(fēng)格的知識(shí)。

Besides/In addition/Whats more， I am a member of a painting club， from which I have built up my social experience and knowledge about different styles of paintings.

[例35]更糟糕的是，我不善于跟同學(xué)交流。

Whats worse， I am not good at communicating with my classmates.

[例36]農(nóng)場(chǎng)上有各種各樣的活動(dòng)，如拔草，摘蘋(píng)果，喂雞，擠牛奶。

There are various activities on the farm， such as pulling out the weeds， picking apples， feeding chickens， and milking the cows.

4. 表達(dá)觀點(diǎn)與總結(jié)的銜接詞

表達(dá)觀點(diǎn)的詞語(yǔ)主要有in my opinion/view， from my point of view， as far as I am concerned， as for me， personally， I think/believe...等;表示總結(jié)的主要有in a word， on the whole， in short， briefly， in brief， to sum up， in all， generally speaking等。

[例37]總之，如果我們大家在垃圾分類(lèi)方面盡自己的一份力量，我們學(xué)校會(huì)變得越來(lái)越美麗。

In a word， if all of us do our bits in garage sorting， our school will become more and more beautiful.

[例38]依我看，人人應(yīng)遵守紀(jì)律。政府應(yīng)采取相應(yīng)措施規(guī)范管理并解決問(wèn)題。

As far as Im concerned， everyone should obey the rules and the government should take relevant measures to regulate the management and solve these problems.

三、規(guī)范工整譽(yù)寫(xiě)，提升作文檔次

Your handwriting counts！ 規(guī)范工整的書(shū)寫(xiě)，會(huì)讓閱卷老師為你的作文提高一個(gè)檔次。所以平時(shí)要舍得花點(diǎn)時(shí)間練好英文書(shū)法，養(yǎng)成規(guī)范書(shū)寫(xiě)的好習(xí)慣，你的作文就會(huì)在蕓蕓眾生中脫穎而出。

實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練

（一）你是光明中學(xué)學(xué)生會(huì)主席李華， 假期快到了， 你寫(xiě)一封推薦信，幫助你的同學(xué)李明應(yīng)聘以下三份兼職中的一份：一是給外籍人員做中國(guó)肢體語(yǔ)言培訓(xùn)師（trainer），二是到迪士尼樂(lè)園做導(dǎo)游，三是到星巴克咖啡店（Starbucks）做服務(wù)員。內(nèi)容包括：

1. 寫(xiě)信的目的;

2. 李明的能力;

3. 期望。

注意：字?jǐn)?shù)80字左右。

Dear Sir / Madam，

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

（二）假如你是李華，是學(xué)校戲劇社的負(fù)責(zé)人。你的外國(guó)朋友Mike寫(xiě)信向你咨詢即將在校社團(tuán)周（Association Week）上演的校劇《木蘭從軍記》的信息，請(qǐng)你結(jié)合以下要點(diǎn)給他回復(fù)：

1. 戲劇表演的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn);

2. 該戲劇的主要內(nèi)容與觀劇意義;

3. 看戲建議。

參考范文

（一）

Dear Sir/ Madam，

I am Li Hua， president of the Students Union in Guangming High School（同位語(yǔ)）. My classmate， Li Ming（同位語(yǔ)）， hopes to take a part-time job as a guide for Disneyland， so I am writing to recommend him.

As far as I am concerned（表達(dá)觀點(diǎn)）， Li Ming can make the best candidate of a good guide. First of all（表示順序）， as a big fan of Disney movies， he has a good knowledge of Disney cartoon characters， which enables him to tell fantastic stories to visitors（非限制性定語(yǔ)從句）. Then（表示順序）with yearsexperience as a member of our Student Union， he is quick to notice what helps peoples needs（賓語(yǔ)從句）. Lastly（表示順序）， he speaks English so fluently that it wont be a problem for him to communicate with foreign visitors（結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句）.

I am convinced that you will be more than glad to have him as a member of your company（賓語(yǔ)從句）. Feel free to contact me if you need anything more about him（條件狀語(yǔ)從句）. Hopefully， you will consider my recommendation.

（二）

Dear Mike，

Glad to receive your letter. Knowing you are interested in the play Mu Lan Joins the Army（現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)）， which is going to be put on in our Association Week（非限制性定語(yǔ)從句）， Im pleased to tell you something about it.

As scheduled（方式狀語(yǔ)/非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的省略）， the play will begin at 7：00 pm and last about two hours this Saturday in the school Concert Hall. Based on an old Chinese folktale（過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)）， the play is mainly about how a young Chinese girl， Mu Lan， joins the all-man army in her old fathers place and ends up winning military honors（賓語(yǔ)從句）. What earns it lasting popularity（主語(yǔ)從句）is Mu Lans talent in fighting and her perseverance， which proves that females are as capable as males of courage（非限制性定語(yǔ)從句）.

To gain maximum enjoyment and understanding（不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)）， you can learn more about its background and make sure to arrive earlier for a good seat. If you have any question（條件狀語(yǔ)從句）， just let me know.

責(zé)任編輯 蔣小青