文/本刊編輯部
山東地方戲是中國戲曲的重要組成部分,擁有許多經典劇目。Shandong local opera is an important part of Chinese opera and has many classic repertoires.
戲曲,是傳承中華優(yōu)秀傳統(tǒng)文化的重要載體,有著悠久的歷史、獨特的魅力和深厚的群眾基礎,與古希臘悲喜劇、古印度梵劇并稱世界三大古老戲劇文化。除“國劇”京劇之外,流行于一定地區(qū)、具有地方特色的戲曲劇種,通稱地方戲。
地方戲是“活態(tài)”的傳統(tǒng)文化表現(xiàn)形式,蘊含著中華民族代代相傳的文化基因和家國情懷,體現(xiàn)著中華美學精神,是寶貴的文化資源和精神財富。不同的地方戲雖然都帶有地域性烙印,但又都具有戲曲的共同特征,“一體而萬殊”的戲曲景觀是中國對世界劇壇的獨特貢獻。作為中國的地方戲大省,山東目前擁有28個戲曲劇種,數(shù)量位居全國前列。
歷史長河中,山東孕育了呂劇、柳子戲、山東梆子、五音戲、柳琴戲、茂腔等地方劇種,為中國戲曲百花園增添了更多亮麗色彩。這些劇種,既有各自不同的風格特色,又都帶有明顯的“山東味”,從而構成了絢麗多姿的山東地方戲,是山東非物質文化遺產大家庭中的重要成員。
隨著經濟社會的發(fā)展、群眾審美取向的變化以及文化傳播方式的多元化,山東的地方劇種同全國許多劇種一樣,遇到了發(fā)展的瓶頸。近年來,山東采取一系列舉措,大幅提升戲曲藝術服務群眾的綜合能力和水平,培育有利于戲曲活起來、傳下去、出精品、出名家的良好環(huán)境,形成了全社會重視、關心、支持戲曲藝術發(fā)展的生動局面。工作開展以來,部分瀕臨消亡的劇種恢復生機,許多劇種煥發(fā)新的活力,一批在省內外產生巨大影響的優(yōu)秀作品創(chuàng)作而成。
盡管取得一定成績,但與全國戲曲強省相比,山東地方劇種影響力偏弱、發(fā)展不成規(guī)模也是不爭的事實。地方戲在新時代的發(fā)展,需要聚合優(yōu)質資源,結合群眾審美需求,創(chuàng)新性開展工作。
去年5月,由山東省柳子戲藝術保護傳承中心倡議,經山東省文化和旅游廳批準,協(xié)同全省所有地方戲曲國有院團,共同發(fā)起成立了山東地方戲聯(lián)盟。山東地方戲聯(lián)盟的應時而生,將作為山東地方戲發(fā)展的新起點、新征程,為守護地方戲曲,促進優(yōu)秀傳統(tǒng)文化的保護、傳承與發(fā)展起到積極的推動作用。
時代潮流,浩浩湯湯。傳唱了千百年的山東地方戲,依托齊魯大地深厚的文化底蘊,必將在新時代展現(xiàn)出新的氣象。
As a major local opera province in China, Shandong currently has 28 types of opera, the number of which ranks among the top nationwide. It has added more gorgeous colors to China’s opera garden. These operas have not only their own distinctive styles, but also evident “Characteristics of Shandong”, thereby constituting the gorgeous and varied local operas of Shandong, and becoming significant members of Shandon’s intangible cultural heritage family.
In recent years, Shandong has taken a series of measures, greatly improved the comprehensive ability and level of the opera art serving the masses, fostered an environment beneficial to the survival and inheritance of operas, as well as the emergence of quality works and masters thereof, and formed a vivid situation of the whole society valuing operas, thus caring for and supporting the development of the opera art. Since the work began, some operas which were on the brink of disappearance have revived; many operas have radiated new vigor; a number of excellent works with a huge influence in Shandong and beyond have been created.