一種桃高光效宜機(jī)操作新樹形—倒“個”形

周賢豹 潘海發(fā) 朱軍 謝慶梅 石佩 張金云

摘要：為解決安徽省淮河以南降水量多的區(qū)域桃樹下半部光禿枯死，及桃栽培不適宜機(jī)械化生產(chǎn)的難題，提出一種高光效適宜機(jī)械化操作的桃樹新樹形，即倒“個”形新樹形。倒“個”形新樹形的桃樹中央干強(qiáng)而直立，無主枝、側(cè)枝，中央干上除基部著生2個調(diào)節(jié)枝組外，其余直接分生小型結(jié)果枝組;樹高2.5～3.0 m，冠徑1.5～2.0 m，主干高度50～70 cm。該樹形能促進(jìn)桃樹早產(chǎn)、豐產(chǎn)、穩(wěn)產(chǎn)，延長桃樹盛果期樹齡，提高果實(shí)商品率和優(yōu)質(zhì)果率。

關(guān)鍵詞：桃;樹形;倒“個”形;整形修剪

中圖分類號：S662.1? ? ? ? ? ? ? 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼：B? ? ? ? ? ? ? 文章編號：1001-1463（2022）06-0093-04

doi：10.3969/j.issn.1001-1463.2022.06.023

A New Tree Shape for Peach with High-light Efficiency and Suitable for Machine Operation -- Inverted 'Ge' Shape

ZHOU Xianbao 1， PAN Haifa 2， ZHU Jun 3， XIE Qingmei 2， SHI Pei 2， ZHANG Jinyun 2

（1. Wanzhi Town Agricultural Comprehensive Service Station of Wanzhi District， Wuhu Anhui 241100， China; 2. Institute of Horticulture， Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Hefei Anhui 230031， China; 3. Agricultural and Rural Bureau of Huaibei City，Huaibei Anhui 235000， China）

Abstract： In order to solve the issues of baldness and death in the lower half of peach trees in the area with abundant rainfall in the south of Huaihe River in Anhui Province and trees unsuitable for mechanized production in peach cultivation， a new peach tree shape with high light efficiency and suitable for mechanized operation was proposed， which was inverted‘Ge’ shape （Chinese character）. The central trunk of peach tree was strong and upright without main and lateral branches， except for two regulating branch groups at the base， all the others were directly divided into small fruiting branch groups. The tree height was 2.5 to 3.0 m， the crown diameter was 1.5 to 2.0 m， and the trunk height was 50 to 70 cm. The application of this tree shape could promote the premature， high and stable yield of peach trees， prolong the tree age of peach trees in full fruit period， and could improve the commodity rate and high-quality fruit rate of fruits.

Key words： Peach; Tree shape; Inverted ‘Ge’ shape; Form pruning

收稿日期：2022 - 04 - 25

基金項目：現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)技術(shù)體系專項資金國家桃產(chǎn)業(yè)技術(shù)體系合肥綜合試驗站（CARS-30-Z-18）;安徽省果樹產(chǎn)業(yè)技術(shù)體系（皖農(nóng)科函〔2021〕711號）;安徽省重點(diǎn)研究和開發(fā)計劃“桃樹苗木繁育關(guān)鍵技術(shù)集成及工廠化應(yīng)用”（201904a06020047）。

作者簡介：周賢豹（1969 — ），男，安徽蕪湖人，農(nóng)藝師，主要從事農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)推廣工作。Email：332710397@qq.com。

通信作者：張金云（1966 — ），女，安徽南陵人，研究員，博士，主要從事果樹栽培育種及植物生理生化研究。Email：zjy600@aaas.org.cn。