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      Great Barrier Reef 大堡礁

      2023-11-23 19:19:13熊娟娟
      瘋狂英語·初中天地 2023年10期
      關(guān)鍵詞:繁殖地大堡礁海鳥

      熊娟娟

      入選時間(Date of Inscription) 1981 年

      遴選標(biāo)準(zhǔn)(Criteria) (vii)(viii)(ix)(x)

      遺產(chǎn)面積(Property ) 34,870,000 公頃

      檔案編號(Dossier) 154

      你可曾見過澳大利亞的“水下仙境”?它就是澳大利亞引以為傲的自然景觀——大堡礁,又被人們稱為“透明清澈的海中野生王國”。1981 年就被列入世界自然遺產(chǎn)的大堡礁有何獨特魅力?如今的大堡礁又面臨怎樣的困境?一起閱讀下文來了解吧!

      The Great Barrier Reef is a site of 1)remarkable variety and beauty onthe north-east coast of Australia. It contains the worlds largest collection ofcoral reefs, with about 400 types of coral, 1,500 species of fish and 4,000types of 2)molluscs. It also holds great scientific interest as the habitat ofspecies such as the dugong (“sea cow”) and the large green turtle, which arethreatened with extinction.

      The enormous size and diversity of the Great Barrier Reef means it isone of the richest and most complex natural ecosystems on earth, and oneof the most significant for biodiversity conservation. As the worlds mostcomplex expanse of coral reefs, the reefs contain some 400 species of coralsin 60 genera. There are also large ecologically important interreefal areas.The waters also provide major feeding grounds for one of the worlds largestpopulations of the threatened dugong. At least 30 species of whales anddolphins occur here, and it is a significant area for humpback whale calving.

      Six of the worlds seven species of marine turtles occur in the GreatBarrier Reef. As well as the worlds largest green turtle breeding site at RaineIsland, the Great Barrier Reef also includes many regionally important marineturtle rookeries.

      Some 242 species ofbirds have been recordedin the Great Barrier Reef.Twenty-two seabird speciesbreed on cays and somec o n t i n e n t a l i s l a n d s , a n dsome of these breeding sitesare globally significant; otherseabird species also utilize the area. Thecontinental islands support thousands ofplant species, while the coral cays alsohave their own distinct flora and fauna.

      Because of its natural beauty, the Great Barrier Reef has becomeone of the worlds most sought after tourist destinations. Its fabulousbiodiversity attracts scientists, researchers, and nature enthusiasts fromdifferent parts of the world. 3)Snorkeling, diving, and boat tours allowvisitors to immerse themselves in the rich underwater world, observingcolorful fish, majestic turtles, graceful manta rays, and eventhe elusive whale sharks.

      However, like many other natural wonders, the GreatBarrier Reef faces a range of threats. Climate change,pollution, and overfishing pose serious risks to this 4)fragileecosystem. Efforts are being made to protect and preserveit, including the 5)implementation of strict conservation?measures, public awareness campaigns, and 6)sustainabletourism practices.

      The Great Barrier Reef is not just a national treasure forAustralia, but a global heritage that needs to be cherished andprotected. Its breathtaking beauty and ecological importanceremind human beings of the urgent need to take action inpreserving the natural wonders for future generations.

      1) remarkable adj. 引人注目的;非凡的

      2) mollusc n. 軟體動物

      3) snorkel v. 浮潛;潛泳

      4) fragile adj. 脆弱的

      5) implementation n. 執(zhí)行;實施

      6) sustainable adj. 可持續(xù)的

      大堡礁位于澳大利亞東北海岸,這里物種多樣、景色迷人,有著世界上最大的珊瑚礁群,包括約400 種珊瑚、1500 種魚類和4000 種軟體動物。大堡礁還是一處得天獨厚的科學(xué)研究場所,因為這里棲息著多種瀕臨滅絕的動物,比如儒艮(“美人魚”) 和巨星綠龜。

      大堡礁的巨大規(guī)模和多樣性意味著它是地球上最豐富和最復(fù)雜的自然生態(tài)系統(tǒng)之一,也是生物多樣性保護最重要的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)之一。作為世界上最復(fù)雜的珊瑚礁群,這里不僅包含60個屬的約400 種珊瑚,而且還有一些大型的在生態(tài)上重要的珊瑚礁間區(qū)域。這片水域還為世界上受威脅的儒艮提供了主要的覓食場所。這里至少有30種鯨魚和海豚,是座頭鯨生產(chǎn)的一個重要區(qū)域。

      世界上7 種海龜中有6 種出現(xiàn)在大堡礁。除了萊茵島是世界上最大的綠海龜繁殖地外,大堡礁還包括許多具有重要地區(qū)意義的海龜棲息地。

      在大堡礁大約有242 種鳥類被記錄。在珊瑚礁和一些大陸島嶼上繁殖了22 種海鳥,其中一些繁殖地具有全球意義,其他海鳥物種也會利用這一地區(qū)進行繁殖。大陸島嶼上生長著數(shù)千種植物,而珊瑚礁島也有自己獨特的動植物群。

      由于其自然美景,大堡礁已成為世界上最受歡迎的旅游目的地之一。大堡礁令人難以置信的生物多樣性吸引了來自世界各地的科學(xué)家、研究人員和自然愛好者。潛泳、潛水和乘船游覽能讓游客沉浸在豐富的海底世界中,觀察五彩斑斕的魚類、巨大的海龜、優(yōu)雅的蝠鲼,甚至是難得一見的鯨鯊。

      然而,像許多其他自然奇觀一樣,大堡礁也面臨著一系列威脅:氣候變化、污染和過度捕撈對這個脆弱的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)構(gòu)成了嚴(yán)重風(fēng)險。為保護和保存大堡礁,人們正實施嚴(yán)格的保護措施,如進行公眾意識宣傳活動和可持續(xù)旅游實踐。

      大堡礁不僅是澳大利亞的寶藏,也是需要全球珍愛和保護的遺產(chǎn)。大堡礁令人驚嘆的美麗和生態(tài)重要性提醒人們有必要迫切采取行動,為了子孫后代而保護這一自然奇觀。

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