郝昌明

一、考查may / might, must, can的推測性用法

請看下表：

高考題例：

1. Theres no light on—they_____be at home. (2006全國卷Ⅰ)

A. cant B. mustnt

C. neednt D. shouldnt

解析： A?！皼]有燈開著”暗示“他們不可能在家”，因此應(yīng)填cant。

2. Helen_____go on the trip with us, but she isnt quite sure yet. (2005安徽)

A. shall B. must C. may D. can

解析： C。由“她不是很有把握”可以推斷出“海倫可能和我們一起去旅行”，因此應(yīng)填may。

3. —Excuse me. Is this the right way to the Summer Palace?

—Sorry, I am not sure. But it_____be. （2004湖北）

A． might B． will C． must D． can

解析： A。 由“對不起，我沒有把握”可以推出該空表示“有可能”，因此應(yīng)填might。

二、考查may, must, can的非推測性用法

請看下表：

高考題例：

1. In crowded places like airports and railway stations, you_____take care of your luggage. （2007北京）

A. can B. may C. must D. will

解析： C。crowded places暗示該空表示“必須”，因此應(yīng)填must。

2. The biggest problem for most plants, which_____just get up and run away when threatened, is that animals like to eat them. （2007湖南）

A. shant B. cant

C. neednt D. mustnt

解析： B。The biggest problem暗示該空表示“不能”，因此應(yīng)填cant。

3. Some aspects of a pilots job_____be boring, and pilots often_____work at inconvenient hours. (2006湖南)

A. can; have to B. may; can

C. have to; may D. ought to; must

解析： A。第一空表示“有時會”，應(yīng)填can；在不方便的時候工作是飛行員不情愿做的事，因此第二空應(yīng)填have to。

三、考查shall, should用法

請看下表：

高考題例：

1. —What does the sign over there read?

—“No person_____smoke or carry a lighted cigarette, cigar or pipe in this area．” (2007四川)

A． will B． may C． shall D. must

解析：C。該空表示很強(qiáng)烈的語氣，意為“可”，提出一種承諾，因此應(yīng)填shall。

2. —Hows your tour around the North Lake? Is it beautiful?

—It_____be, but it is now heavily polluted. （2007全國卷Ⅰ）

A. will B. would C. should D. must

解析： C。由語境邏輯可以推出該空表示肯定的推測，因此應(yīng)填should。

3._____fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off. (2006湖北)

A. Would you be B. Should you be

C. Could you beD. Might you be

解析： B。該句為省略了if的條件狀語從句，原句為“If you should be fired, ...。

4. It has been announced that candidates

remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected. (2002上海)

A. can B. will C. may D. shall

解析：D。 該空表示按規(guī)定“必須”，有強(qiáng)制口吻，且用于第三人稱，因此應(yīng)填shall。

四、考查情態(tài)動詞 + have done sth.用法

請看下表：

高考題例：

1. —My cats really fat.

—You_____have given her so much food. （2007浙江）

A. wouldnt B. couldnt

C. shouldnt D. mustnt

解析： C。由語境邏輯可以推出該空表示“本來不應(yīng)該”，因此應(yīng)用shouldnt have done的動詞形式。

2. —Where is my dictionary? I remember I put it here yesterday.

—You_____it in the wrong place. （2007江西）

A. must put B. should have put

C. might put D. might have put

解析：D。 由對方認(rèn)為把字典放在這兒但在這兒又找不到字典的語境可以推出該空表示“可能放（錯了地方）”，因此應(yīng)填might have put。

3. The teacher_____have thought Johnson was worth it or she wouldnt have wasted time on him, I suppose. （2007安徽）

A. should B. can C. would D. must

解析：D。由or引出后面句子的意思可以推出該空表示“一定（已經(jīng)）”，因此應(yīng)填must。

4. The weather turned out to be fine yesterday． I_____the trouble to carry my umbrella with me． (2006江西)

A． should have taken

B． could have taken

C． neednt have taken

D. mustnt have taken

解析： C。由The weather turned out to be fine的語境邏輯可以推出該空表示“本來沒有必要這么麻煩”，因此應(yīng)用neednt have done的動詞形式。

5. I_____have been more than six years old when the accident happened. (2005天津)

A. shouldnt B. couldnt

C mustnt D. neednt

解析： B。該空表示“不可能（已經(jīng)超過6歲）”，此處表示推測，不是虛擬語氣。因此應(yīng)用couldnt have done的動詞形式。

【鞏固性練習(xí)】

1. —_____ it be true that his sister has won the prize for the best actress?

—Not, it_____be true.

A. Can; cant B. May; may not

C. Must; mustnt D. Can; may not

2. —Will your elder sister buy a new bike for you as your birthday gift?

—She_____ , but Im not so sure.

A. may B. must C. need D. will

3. —Do you think that he will help you to win the election?

—He_____ , but it is not certain.

A. cant B. may not

C. neednt D. mustnt

4. —Could you do me the favour to have dinner with me this evening?

—Im sorry; I_____ , because I will be busy at that time.

A. cant B. couldnt

C. might not D. wouldnt

5. —Must I do what I can to finish all the work in the shortest time?

—No, you_____ .

A. mustnt B. cant C. neednt D. wont

6. —Might I put you to the trouble of answering me a question, Mary?

—Yes, you_____ .

A. must B. might C. could D. can

7. —Shall I sell my old house to pay off all my debts at present?

—No, you_____ .

A. shant B. wont C. cant D. neednt

8. You_____smoke here, young man. Cant you see this is a gas station?

A. neednt B. shant C. wont D. mustnt

9. Time is very limited; you_____get to your school before eight oclock.

A. will B. can C. need D. shall

10. —Need I wash all the clothes in the basin before lunch?

—Yes, you_____ .

A. need B. must C. can D. shall

11. If you dont turn against me, you_____get my help in the near future.

A. need B. must C. will D. should

12. I cant imagine such a beautiful girl______be so lazy like this.

A. must B. may C. should D. can

13. Dont you know that girls sometimes______be as naughty as boys?

A. must B. will C. can D. shall

14. It is already midnight now._____you play the piano at such a late time?

A. Must B. Can C. Need D. Will

15._____a fire break out in your factory, all of you will be punished.

A. Must B. May C. Should D. Shall

Keys: 1. A2. A3. B4. A5. C6. D7. D8. D9. D10. B11. C12. C13. C14. A15. C