張祥美

詞序和語序是歷年中考必考的語法項目之一。2007年全國各省市中考試題對詞序和語序的考查基本上覆蓋了初中教材中出現(xiàn)的語法項目。本文結(jié)合2007年和2006年部分省市的中考試題，對此作一分析。

一、考查副詞enough的位置

1. (2007蕪湖市) —What do you think of the lecture(演講) of Li Yangs Crazy English？

—I think its____ ，but someone thinks its much too____ .

A. wonderful enough； bored B. enough wonderful； boring

C. wonderful enough； boring D. enough wonderful； bored

2. (2006孝感市) Dont worry. She can look after your pet____ .

A. careful enough B. enough careful

C. carefully enough D. enough carefully

［解析］ enough作為程度副詞，應(yīng)位于被修飾的形容詞、副詞之后。

二、考查以so開頭的句子中主語和謂語的位置

3. (2007烏魯木齊市) —Im going to an amusement park.

—____.

A. So am I B. So are you

C. So you are D. So I am

4. (2007咸寧市) —Ann has made great progress recently.

—____ and____ .

A. So has she，so have you B. So has she，so you have

C. So she has，so you have D. So she has，so have you

5. (2006昆明市) People in England rest two days a week.____ .

A. So Chinese are B. So are Chinese

C. So do Chinese D. So Chinese do

［精析］ 表示某種情況也適合另一個人或物時，用由so引起的倒裝句。表示說話人同意上面的說法時，則用由so引起的非倒裝句，即其中的主語在前，謂語在后。

三、考查something等不定代詞的修飾語的位置

6. (2007寧德市) —Have you got my e-mail today？

—Oh，theres____ with my computer. It doesnt work.

A. something wrong B. anything wrong

C. nothing wrong

7. (2007青海省) There is____ for you if you put your heart into it.

A. difficult nothing B. nothing easy

C. nothing difficult

8. (2007烏魯木齊市) —Whats on TV tonight？

—Theres____ . Its boring.

A. something interesting B. anything interesting

C. everything interesting D. nothing interesting

9. (2006哈爾濱市) —What are you going to give your mother for her birthday？

—Im not sure. But Ill buy her____ .

A. something special B. anything special

C. special something

［精析］ 修飾something，everything，anything和nothing等不定代詞的形容詞應(yīng)置于這些詞之后。

四、考查連接代/副詞與動詞不定式的位置

10. (2007山西省) There are so many kinds of pens here. I cant decide____ .

A. when to choose B. to choose which

C. which one to choose

11. (2006包頭市) Please ask the headmaster to decide____ .

A. to go there with whom B. whom to go there

C. whom to go there with D. with whom to go to

［精析］ 連接代/副詞與動詞不定式連用時，常在句中作及物動詞的賓語，且連接代/副詞應(yīng)位于動詞不定式之前。

五、考查否定詞not和動詞不定式的位置

12. (2007紹興市) —What did your sister say to you last night？

—She asked me____ my father her secret.

A. to tell not B. not to tell

C. dont tell D. not tell

13. (2007佛山市) Drivers are warned____ when they are tired.

A. to drive B. not drive

C. not to drive

14. (2007成都市) Our teacher told us again____ to each other in the library.

A. to speak B. not to speak

C. dont speak

15. (2006杭州市) There are some dangerous fishes in the river，and Ive warned Jack____ here.

A. not to swim B. to not swim

C. swim not to D. to swim not

16. (2006沈陽市) The teacher asked those boys____ too much noise in class.

A. do not make B. not make

C. not making D. not to make

［精析］ 動詞不定式的否定式的構(gòu)成為“not + to + 動詞原形”。

六、考查it/them等代詞在動詞短語中的位置

17. (2007貴陽市) This problem is too difficult. Can you show me____？

A. how can I work it out B. how I can work it out

C. how to work out it

18. (2007青海省) Dont____ . We can send the old clothes to those poor children.

A. throw it away B. throw them away

C. throw away them

19. (2006重慶市) Smoking is bad for your health. Youd better____ .

A. give up it B. give it up

C. take out it D. take it out

20. (2006福州市) The blue skirt looks very nice. May I____ ？

A. try them on B. try it on

C. take them off D. take it off

［精析］ 由“動詞 + 副詞”構(gòu)成的短語動詞作謂語，代詞作賓語時，代詞應(yīng)位于動詞與副詞之間。由“動詞 + 介詞”構(gòu)成的短語動詞作謂語，代詞作賓語時，代詞應(yīng)位于介詞之后。

七、考查連接代/副詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句

21. (2007北京市) —Do you know____ now？

—In the Peoples Hotel.

A. where is Tom working B. where did Tom work

C. where Tom is working D. where Tom worked

22. (2007南京市) I dont know____ .

A. where does he come from B. what is his name

C. how old he is D. when will he leave

23. (2007蘇州市) —Could you tell me____ tomorrow morning？

—Well，it will start at 9 oclock.

A. when the film will start B. where will the film starts

C. when will the film start D. where the film will start

24. (2007懷化市) —Would you please tell me____ ？

—OK. Its a quiet and beautiful place. You can spend your weekend here.

A. what is Dong Cultural Village like

B. where Dong Cultural Village is

C. what Dong Cultural Village is like

25. (2007河南省) —Could you please tell me____ ？

—Bus No. 32 will take you right there.

A. where is Henan Museum

B. what Henan Museum is like

C. how can I get to Henan Museum

D. which bus I shall take to Henan Museum

26. (2006遵義市) —Can you see____ ？

—Writing a letter.

A. what hes doing B. what is he doing

C. what does he do

［精析］ 遇到由連接代/副詞引導(dǎo)賓語從句時，要注意兩點：一是連接代/副應(yīng)置于從句句首，二是從句應(yīng)該用陳述語序，即主語在前，謂語在后。

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