許振鐸

1. loud/aloud/loudly

[詞語(yǔ)辨析]這三個(gè)詞均為“聲音大”。1）loud可作形容詞成副詞，表示“聲音響亮”，用作副詞時(shí)，常與read, laugh, talk, speak等動(dòng)詞搭配，置于其后； 2）aloud用作副詞，指“出聲”，讓人聽見，常與speak, shout, read, think等動(dòng)詞搭配； 3）loudly是副詞，含貶義，尤指“吵鬧地，喧嚷地”，可與任何表示聲響的動(dòng)詞搭配。

［中考真題］

Please speak a little ____. I cant hear you clearly.（山東?。?/p>

A. aloud B. louder C. loud D. loudlier

[答案] B

2. like/enjoy

[詞語(yǔ)辨析]二者均表示“喜歡”，但用法不同：1)like是一般用語(yǔ)，不帶有強(qiáng)烈感情色彩，后接名詞、代詞、動(dòng)名詞、動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)。常用句式為like sth./doing sth./to do sth.。 2）enjoy在意思上更側(cè)重于“享受樂趣”，后面接名詞、代詞、動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)。常用句式為enjoy sth./doing sth.。

［中考真題］

1. Im very thirsty. Id ____ some water. (北京市)

A. like B. love C. want D. read

2. He doesnt enjoy ____（listen） to the light music.（江蘇?。?/p>

3. Did he enjoy himself yesterday? （同義替換）(北京市)

A. have a rest B. have a good time

C. have time D. have a swim

[答案]1.A 2.listening 3.B

3. kind of/a kind of/all kinds of

[詞語(yǔ)辨析]1）kind of通常跟不帶不定冠詞a/an的單數(shù)名詞或復(fù)數(shù)名詞，表示“種類”；kind of還常用于口語(yǔ)，意為“有幾分，稍稍”。2）a kind of“一種”； 3）all kinds of “各種各樣的”。

［中考真題］

What ____ movie do you like? (山東省)

A. kinds of B. kind of C. kinds on D. kind on

[答案] B

4. just now/right now/from now on/now and then

[詞語(yǔ)辨析]1）just now“剛才，不久之前”，常與一般過(guò)去時(shí)連用；2）right now“立刻、馬上”，相當(dāng)于right away; 3）from now on“從今以后”，多用于一般將來(lái)時(shí)；4）now and then“時(shí)而，不時(shí)”。

［中考真題］

1. ——Hello, may I speak to Miss Smith?

——Im sorry. She left here ____. (黃岡市)

A. just now B. now and then C. right now D. from now on

2. Tom was here just now. He may have gone to the reading room.（同義詞替換）(河北省)

A. at the moment B. just then

C. a short time ago D. right away

[答案]1.A 2.C

5. join/take part in

[詞語(yǔ)辨析]這兩個(gè)詞均表示“參加、加入”，但含義有別：1)join指加入某一黨派、團(tuán)體、人群中的一員，相當(dāng)于become member of。2)take part in表示“參加某項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)、比賽、活動(dòng)或事件，并在活動(dòng)中負(fù)有責(zé)任”。例如：

［中考真題］

1. China ____ the WTO and became a new member of it last year. (北京市)

A. joined B. join C. will join D. was joined

2. Some students are expected to ____ the English evening.

A. take part in B. take C. join D. go

[答案]1.A 2.A

6. interest/interested/interesting

[詞語(yǔ)辨析]三者均與“興趣”有關(guān)，但用法不同：1）interest用作不可數(shù)名詞，意思是“興趣、趣味”，用作可數(shù)名詞意思是“愛好”，用作動(dòng)詞時(shí)意思為“使（人）發(fā)生興趣”，其主語(yǔ)多為事物。2）interested是形容詞，有被動(dòng)意味，“對(duì)……感興趣的”，主語(yǔ)通常是人，多用于be/become/get/feel interested in結(jié)構(gòu)中。3）interesting也是形容詞，有主動(dòng)意味，“令人感興趣的”，作表語(yǔ)時(shí)主語(yǔ)通常是物。作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，既可修飾人，也可修飾物。

［中考真題］

1. Edison was ____ in science when he was young. (貴州省)

A. interesting B. interested C. interest D. to interest

2. I dont like this film. Its ____ that one.（北京市）

A. as interesting as B. less interesting as

C. more interesting than D. not so interesting as

3. Listening to music is one of his greatest ____ in his free time. （據(jù)意填詞）(鎮(zhèn)江市)

4. Skating seems to be Marys only ____ (興趣) in her life. (大連市)

[答案]1.B 2.D 3.interests(可數(shù)名詞） 4.interest

7.instead/instead of

[詞語(yǔ)辨析]這兩個(gè)“代替”，前者為副詞，后者為介詞短語(yǔ)。instead of還含有“對(duì)比”之意，譯成漢語(yǔ)時(shí)“代替”不一定譯出。注意：instead of后常接名詞、代詞、動(dòng)名詞或介詞短語(yǔ)。

［中考真題］

1. She doesnt want that book. She wants this one. (同義句轉(zhuǎn)換)

She wants this book ____ ____ that one. (廣東省)

2. Ann didnt laugh at me. ____, she helped me a lot.(河南省)

［答案］1.instead of 2.Instead

8. in front of/in the front of

[詞語(yǔ)辨析]兩者都表示“在……前”，但含義不同。1）in front of表示“在某物外部的前面”；2）in the front of表示“在某物靠前的部位，即內(nèi)部之前”。

［中考真題］

1. The man ____ Mary was so tall that she could hardly see the show.(內(nèi)蒙古)

A. in front of B. in the front of

C. at the back of D. behind

2. I sat ____ the classroom, so that I heard the teacher very clearly.

A. in front of B. behind C. in the front of D. at the back of

[答案]1.A 2.C

9. if/whether

[詞語(yǔ)辨析]if與whether均可引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，作“是否”解，當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句是肯定或疑問(wèn)句時(shí)，if與whether可換用。下列情況只能用whether: 1)從句中有or not時(shí)；2）從句作介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí)；3）引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句和表語(yǔ)從句時(shí)；4）在不定式前。注意：if可引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，而whether則不可。

［中考真題］

1. I dont know ____ he still lives here.(沈陽(yáng)市)

A. where B. what C. when D. whether

2. I wonder ____ it is worth ____. (煙臺(tái)市)

A. that; reading B. if; reading

C. that; to read D. whether; to read

3. I dont know ____ (是否) he will come. (嘉興市)

［答案］1.D 2.B 3.whether/if

10. hear of/hear from

[詞語(yǔ)辨析]1）hear of“聽說(shuō)，聽到”，強(qiáng)調(diào)從別人那里間接得知； 2）hear from“收到某人的來(lái)信”，后常接表示人的單詞或名詞。

［中考真題］

1. Jack likes to ____ others but never writes to them.(廈門市)

A. hear B. hear of C. hear about D. hear from

2. If you dont ____ me by two oclock today, it means I wont be coming.(廣州市)

A. hear B. hear of C. hear from D. hear about

[答案]1.D 2.C

11. have to/must

[詞語(yǔ)辨析]1）have to主要強(qiáng)調(diào)外界客觀“必須”“不得不”做某事，不用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，且有人稱和數(shù)的變化；2）must通常強(qiáng)調(diào)主觀看法，認(rèn)為“應(yīng)該、必須”，還可表示猜測(cè)，意為“一定（肯定）是”；其否定形式為mustnt，意為“一定不要、禁止”，所以回答Must的疑問(wèn)句，否定回答用neednt或dont have to。

［中考真題］

1. You ____ play football in the street. Its dangerous.(山東省)

A. cant B. must C. neednt D. mustnt

2. Cars, buses and bikes ____ stop when the traffic lights change to red.(上海市)

A. can B. may C. must D. need

3. ——Must I go with them tomorrow?

——No, you ____. (江蘇省)

A. mustnt B. shouldnt C. neednt D. cant

4. ——I cant stop playing computer games.

——For your health, Im afraid you ____. (南昌市)

A. can B. may C. must D. have to

[答案]1.D 2.C 3.C 4.D

12. have gone to/have been to/have been in

[詞語(yǔ)辨析]1）have gone to“到某地去了”，說(shuō)話時(shí)該人不在現(xiàn)場(chǎng)，主語(yǔ)為第三人稱；2）have been to“曾經(jīng)去過(guò)某地”，表示一段經(jīng)歷，含“現(xiàn)在已離開那兒”的意思，后可接次數(shù)（如once, three times等），也可與just, ever等連用；3）have been in“到某地多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間了”，常與時(shí)間段連用。

［中考真題］

1. ——Is that Jack speaking?

——Sorry, he isnt in right now. He ____ the cinema with his aunt.（北京市）

A. has been to B. has gone to C. have been to D. have gone to

2. ——Why is your foreign teachers Chinese so good?

——Because he ____ China for eight years. (浙江省)

A. has gone to B. has been to C. has come to D. has been in

3. ——I ____ Fujian Museum twice. How about you?

——Never. I hope to visit it soon. (福州市)

A. have gone to B. have been to C. have gone D. have been

[答案]1.B 2.D 3.B

13. happen/take place

[詞語(yǔ)辨析]兩個(gè)詞均表示“發(fā)生”。相同點(diǎn)是：1）均為不及物動(dòng)詞，不能出現(xiàn)在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中；2）以具體事為主語(yǔ)時(shí)，二者可換用。不同點(diǎn)：happen+不定式有“碰巧”的意思，指偶然發(fā)生；take place指預(yù)先策劃好的“發(fā)生”，并引申為“舉行”。

［中考真題］

1. Listen!The radio says a serious accident ____ (happen) last night. (南通市)

2. Do you know ____ over there? (煙臺(tái)市)

A. what happens B. what was happened

C. what is happening D. what did happen

3. When will the meeting ____?

A. take place B. happen

C. be taken place D. be happened

[答案]1.happened 2.C 3.A

14. go on/go on with/go on doing/go on to do

[詞語(yǔ)辨析]1）前三者均有“繼續(xù)做一件事”，“進(jìn)行下去”之意，go on后一般是句號(hào)或逗號(hào)，即不再接其它詞；而go on with后接名詞或代詞，當(dāng)go on后還有動(dòng)詞時(shí)則把該動(dòng)詞變?yōu)閯?dòng)名詞，就出現(xiàn)了go on doing (sth.)；2）go on to do (sth.) 意思是“接著做（另一件事）”。

［中考真題］

It was getting dark, but the farmers worked on in the field.（四川省）

A. went on to work B. went on workingC. went on

[答案]B

15. else/other

[詞語(yǔ)辨析]這兩個(gè)“其它的”用法不同：1）else用在who, whose, what等疑問(wèn)代詞之后，或something, anything, nothing, everything等不定代詞后作定語(yǔ)，作副詞時(shí)，用在when, where后作狀語(yǔ)； 2）other作形容詞時(shí)常用在名詞或代詞前作定語(yǔ)；the other指兩者中的另一個(gè)。

［中考真題］

1. Bob jumps farther than ____ in his class.(黑龍江省)

A. any other boys B. the other boys

C. any boy D. another boy

2. Except some birds, what ____ (別的) can you see in the sky?

(貴陽(yáng)市)

［答案］1.B 2.else

16. can/be able to

［詞語(yǔ)辨析］be able to與can都表示具有某種能力，譯為“可以，有能力”。can是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化,沒有將來(lái)時(shí)和完成時(shí)，can可表示對(duì)過(guò)去事情的猜測(cè)，主要用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句中。而be able to 可與will, shall, have 構(gòu)成將來(lái)時(shí)和完成時(shí)。

［中考真題］

1. She will ____ finish the work tomorrow.（山西）

A. can B. is able to C. could D. be able to

2. Henry ____ be at home because he phoned me from the farm just

now.（天津）

A. mustnt B. isnt able to C. may not D. cant

［答案］1.D 2.D

17. besides/except/except for/but

[詞語(yǔ)辨析]1)except “除……以外”，即把除去的部分減去，不能用于句首。2)but“把……除外”，“不包括”。用法基本與except相同。3)besides“除了……還有……”，“再加上”，即把除去的部分加上。4)except for “除了”，“只有”。用于說(shuō)明基本情況后，而在細(xì)節(jié)上加以修正，相當(dāng)于except+that從句。

［中考真題］

1. Wheres Lily? We are all here ____ her.（遼寧）

A. beside B. about C. except D. with

2. Bens composition is almost perfect ____ several spelling mistakes.（濰坊）

A. except B. except for C. besides D. beside

［答案］1.C 2.B