Unit 18

1. If you use our inflatable bike, you can simply let the air out and put your bike in a bag. 如果你使用充氣自行車,你可以把空氣放出來,把自行車放進袋子里。

let out為“動詞+副詞”短語,意為“放出(水、空氣等); 釋放; 使流出去; 發(fā)出(聲音);泄露(秘密、消息等)”。例如：

You have to let the water out of the bathtub. 你得把浴盆中的水放掉。

Someone has let the news out.

有人把消息泄露出去了。

2. If we look only for the correct answer and reject ideas that do not provide a complete answer, we may get stuck. 如果我們只找正確答案，拒絕那些不能給我們完整答案的想法，那么我們就可能被框住。

(1)reject作及物動詞，表示“拋開；丟掉；拒絕；抵制；排斥”。例如：

They had rejected our request.

他們拒絕了我們的請求。

(2)reject還可作名詞，表示“被拒絕或拋棄的人或物”。例如：

The rejects from an officers training course will take an exam in a month.

軍官培訓(xùn)課程不合格者將在一個月后參加考試。

(3)get stuck表示“被阻擋；被困住；被粘住(=be stuck)”。例如：

His head is stuck in the window.

他的頭卡在窗戶上了。

3. As with thinking outside the box, the process includes a series of different attempts and several false starts. 正如突破常規(guī)思考一樣，換個角度看問題的過程包括一系列不同的嘗試和一些錯誤的開端。

(1)as with相當(dāng)于as it is the case with,省略了it is the case, 意為“正如……一樣”，with后接名詞，代詞或動名詞等。例如：

As with drawing a picture, you should be patient and careful in doing this job. 就像畫畫一樣，做這件事需要耐心細致。

Then, as with young birds, the time comes for the young to leave.

后來，就像小鳥一樣，年輕人離家的時候到了。

(2)attempt的用法如下：

作名詞，表示“企圖；試圖；嘗試”，主要用于an attempt/ones attempt to do sth.結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“嘗試做某事；企圖做某事”。例如：

They failed in all their attempts to climb the mountain.

他們攀登該山的一切嘗試都失敗了。

作動詞，表示“開始做;嘗試；企圖”，后接名詞或不定式作賓語，常用attempt to do sth.(=try to do sth./seek to do sth.)表示“嘗試做某事(不一定獲得成功)”。例如：

He attempted to speak but was told to be quiet.

他試圖發(fā)言，但被告知要保持沉默。

4. Great thinkers are aware of this and try to combine new and old ideas in as many different ways as possible. 偉大的思想家了解到這一點,并且設(shè)法把新的思想和舊的知識盡可能多的以不同方式聯(lián)系起來。

(1)be aware of表示“覺察到；知道；意識到”。aware是形容詞，常作表語，不置于名詞之前作定語。意為“意識到的；知道的；有……意識的；認識的”。

aware前面不能用very修飾，習(xí)慣用well, quite等詞修飾。例如：

It happened without my being aware of it.

事情在我不知不覺中發(fā)生了。

(2)aware后還可接that…/wh-從句。后接名詞性從句時，一般在從句前不能用of，但在what從句前必須用of。例如：

Are you aware that you have hurt her feelings?

你有沒有察覺到你已經(jīng)傷害了她的感情嗎？

Im quite (well) aware how you must feel.

我很能體會你會有什么樣的感受。

5. Keep track of your mistakes and try to learn from them.記下你的錯誤并努力從錯誤中學(xué)習(xí)。

keep track of…表示“記錄;追蹤；了解情況；保持聯(lián)系”。例如：

My mother used to keep track of every penny she spent. 我母親過去常常把自己所花的每一分錢都記下來。

Its hard to keep track of all ones old school friends. I have lost track of some of mine already. 與所有老同學(xué)聯(lián)系很難，我已失去與一些老同學(xué)的聯(lián)系了。

Unit 19

6. Have mercy on Antonio, Shylock. 對安東尼奧仁慈一點兒吧，夏洛克。

mercy作名詞，意為“仁慈，寬??；幸運，恩惠”。常用搭配have mercy on, show/give mercy to,表示“寬??；饒??；對……有憐憫之心”。例如：

Its a mercy she wasnt seriously hurt.

幸運的是她傷勢不重。

We should learn to show mercy to others. 我們應(yīng)該學(xué)會寬恕他人。

They showed little mercy to their enemies. 他們對待仇敵毫不留情。

In old times, the rich had little mercy on the poor. 在舊社會，富人對窮人毫無憐憫之心。

No mercy was shown to the prisoners.

對囚犯毫不寬恕。

7. Ive promised to take my pound of flesh. 我說過一定要拿走屬于我的那一磅肉。

(1)promise既可作及物動詞又可作名詞，意為“許諾；諾言；答應(yīng)”。常用結(jié)構(gòu)promise to do sth.表示“答應(yīng)做某事”；promise that從句表示“答應(yīng)……”；promise sb. sth.表示“答應(yīng)/許諾某人某件東西”。例如：

Mother promised me a gift for my birthday. 媽媽答應(yīng)給我買生日禮物。

She promised to come earlier.

她答應(yīng)我早點來。

I promised that I would return the book to you within a week.

我答應(yīng)你一周內(nèi)還書。

[注意]promise還有“預(yù)示著；渴望；有……的希望”之意。例如：

This year promises a good harvest. 今年預(yù)示著大豐收。

8. Its useless trying to argue with Shylock. 跟夏洛克講理是沒有用的。

Its useless/no use/no good+doing sth.是一固定句型，意為“做某事沒有用(好處)”。例如：

Its no use crying over spilt milk.

后悔是沒有用的。/(諺語)覆水難收。

It is useless visiting him at this hour. He must be out. 這個時間去拜訪他沒用，他肯定不在家。

It is no use asking him about it. He knows nothing about it. 問他這件事沒用，他對這件事一無所知。

9. You might as well go stand upon the beach and argue with the sea. 你還不如站在海灘上跟大海講理去。

may/might as well do sth.意為“還是做某事好，不如做某事，不妨做某事”。例如：

You may as well begin at once.

你不妨馬上開始。

We may as well go and have a look.

我們還是去看一下吧。

We may as well stay where we are.

我們留在現(xiàn)在住的地方也不錯。

10. If you offered me six times what you have just offered, I would still take my pound of flesh. 即使你愿意給我6倍于剛才你提出的那個錢數(shù)，我還是要拿回我應(yīng)得的那一磅肉。

倍數(shù)用times來表示，英語中“倍數(shù)”的表達法主要有下列幾種：

(1)如果要表示“A正好是B的多少倍”可用:

①A+謂語+倍數(shù)+as+形容詞/副詞(原級)+as+B;

②A+謂語+倍數(shù)+the size/length, weight, height, width, age, price…+of B。例如：

Asia is four times as large as Europe. 亞洲是歐洲的4倍大。

Asia is four times the size of Europe.

=Europe is one fourth the size of Asia. 歐洲面積是亞洲的1/4。

③……倍數(shù)+as many+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)+as或……倍數(shù)+as+(much+不可數(shù)名詞+as)。例如：

We planted five times as many trees as they did.

我們植的樹是他們的5倍。

(2)如要表示“A比B大/長/高等多少倍”，一般用“A+謂語+倍數(shù)+形容詞/副詞(比較級)+than B”。例如：

Asia is three times larger than Europe. 亞洲比歐洲大3倍。

注意：此句型中用比較級時，倍數(shù)要減去原來的底數(shù)，“是……的4倍”等于“比……大3倍”。

(3)若表達“這條鐵路是那條鐵路的8倍長”。有以下幾種：

This railway is eight times as long as that one.

=This railway is eight times the length of that one.

=This railway is seven times longer than that one.

=The length of this railway is eight times of that one.

注意：兩倍可用twice或double表示，一半則用half表示。例如：

Our classroom is twice/half the size of theirs.我們的教室是他們教室的兩倍/一半大。

11. What are you accused of? 你因什么而受到起訴？

accuse作及物動詞，意為“指控；控告；指責(zé)”。常見搭配accuse sb. of…表示“指控某人犯……錯/罪”；be accused of…表示“被指控犯了……錯/罪”。例如：

The police accused him of murder, but he said that he was innocent.

警方指控他犯了謀殺罪,但他說自己是無辜的。

12.Ive kept my side of the bargain and I expect him to keep his. 我遵守了我的協(xié)議，我希望他也能遵守。

bargain作名詞，意為“交易；買賣合同；便宜的東西；協(xié)議；特價商品”；作及物動詞時，意為“討價還價”。常用詞組bargain with sb. about/over/for sth.表示“與某人討價還價/洽談某物的價錢”。例如：

He got a bargain at the shop.

他在那家商店買到了便宜貨。

If you bargain with them, they might reduce the price. 如果你講講價，他們可能會把價錢降低。

13. I declare the court allows it and the law gives it to you. 我宣布法庭可以允許你(這樣做),法律(把它)判給你。

declare作及物動詞，意為“宣布；宣稱；宣告；聲明”。后接名詞或從句，也可接復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。該復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)可由形容詞、介詞短語、不定式、分詞等充當(dāng)。作不及物動詞時，后常接介詞for/against,意為“(宣布)贊成/反對……”。例如：

The manager declared the meeting open. 經(jīng)理宣布會議開始。

They declared him to be the winner. 他們宣布他為獲勝者。

At last, the USA declared war against Iraq. 最后美國向伊拉克宣戰(zhàn)。

I declared for/against his opinion. 我贊成/反對他的觀點。

14. Therefore, go down on your knees and beg the Duke for mercy. 因此，快去跪下請求公爵寬恕你吧。

(1)therefore作副詞，意為“因此”，表示結(jié)果或理由，相當(dāng)于as a result of that;它不能引導(dǎo)從句,不要把它當(dāng)連詞來用。therefore常常和and一起使用，這時therefore前可用逗號或者不用標點符號；如果不與and連用，therefore前用分號。例如：

He doesnt know much about China; therefore he cant advise me about it. 他對中國不甚了解，因此向我提不出什么建議。

(2)go down on ones knees意為“跪下，屈膝”相當(dāng)于get down on ones knees; go down on one knee意為“單腿跪下”。例如：

The son went down on his knees, begging his father for mercy.

兒子跪下，請求父親的寬恕。

Unit 20

15. On May 3, 2002, archaeologists in England found a grave of a man dating back to around 2300 BC. 2002年5月3日，英國考古學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)了一座約公元前2300年的男人墓穴。

date back to意為“追溯到；起源于；始于”，date back為“動詞+副詞”短語，后常接介詞to;相當(dāng)于date from或go back to,無被動語態(tài)。作謂語時常用一般現(xiàn)在時。例如：

These old buildings possibly date back to the Ming Dynasty.

這些古老的建筑可能起源于明朝。

Which dynasty do you know this coin dates back to?

你知道這枚硬幣源于哪個朝代嗎?

There was an amazing discovery of human remains dating back(to) nearly two million years ago.(=which date back to/date from nearly two million years ago.) 令人驚訝的是發(fā)現(xiàn)了近200萬年前的人類殘骸。

16. It is not yet known how these were conveyed over a distance of 380 kilometres. 至今還不知道這些石頭是如何從380千米以外的地方運過來的。

convey作及物動詞，意為“運送；運輸；傳播；傳達(思想、感情等)”。例如：

Its hard for them to convey the goods to the top of the mountain.

他們把貨物運到山頂真是不容易。

The police asked the driver to convey the passengers to the destinations safely. 警察要求司機把乘客安全送到目的地。

The baby is now able to convey his meaning.

這個嬰兒現(xiàn)在可以表達自己的意思了。

施愛眉 浙江樂清市三山中學(xué)