付開(kāi)強(qiáng)

一、重點(diǎn)句型解析

1. should表推測(cè)的用法

【課文原句】I should be home in about ten minutes.

【經(jīng)典考例】

—When can I come for the phones? I need them tomorrow afternoon.

—They_______be ready by 12:00.

(NMET 1998)

A. can B. should C. might D. need

【考點(diǎn)解析】答案為B。should表推測(cè)，指有一定主觀根據(jù)的判斷，意為“估計(jì)；按理應(yīng)當(dāng)”；can表推測(cè)常用于否定句或疑問(wèn)句中，表示“有時(shí)會(huì)；可能”；might表示沒(méi)有把握的推測(cè)，語(yǔ)氣較弱；need表“必須；需要”，不符合句意。

2. no matter ＋疑問(wèn)詞引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句

【課文原句】The answer seems to be that we have a need to stay in touch with friends and family no matter where we are or what we are doing.

【經(jīng)典考例】He tried his best to solve the problem, _______difficult it was. (2005重慶)

A. howeverB. no matter

C. whatever D. although

【考點(diǎn)解析】no matter這個(gè)詞組的意思是“不管”，“無(wú)論”，常用what，who，when，where等疑問(wèn)詞連用，引導(dǎo)一個(gè)表示讓步的狀語(yǔ)從句，分別表示“不管何事、何人、何時(shí)、何地”等意思，可以和“疑問(wèn)詞＋ever”相互換用。答案為A。 B項(xiàng)應(yīng)在no matter后加how才對(duì)。

3. in case的用法

【課文原句】Having a cellphone also makes us feel safer, since we can call for help in case of an emergency.

【經(jīng)典考例】

1. John may phone tonight, I dont want to go out _______ he phones.（NMET 2000春招）

A. as long as B. in order that C. in case D. so that

2. I dont think Ill need any money but Ill bring some _______ .（NMET 2000）

A. at last B. in case C. once again D. in time

【考點(diǎn)解析】例1答案為C。in case可引起目的狀語(yǔ)從句，表示“以免；以防”，句意為“約翰今晚可能給我打電話，我不想出去以便接他的電話?！贝送鈏n case還可單獨(dú)使用，如例2，答案為B。at last意為“最后”，once again意為“再一次”，in time意為“及時(shí)”，只有in case符合句意“我認(rèn)為我不需要錢(qián)但我將帶一些以防萬(wàn)一。”

4. be used to句型結(jié)構(gòu)

【課文原句】They are all used to their environment.

【經(jīng)典考例】In my opinion, life in the twenty-first century is much easier than_____. （2007 安徽）

A. that used to be B. it is used to

C. it was used to D. it used to be

【考點(diǎn)解析】答案為D。used to do sth意為“過(guò)去常?！?，表示過(guò)去經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，而現(xiàn)在不再這樣了，含有“今昔對(duì)比”的意味；句意“在我看來(lái)，21世紀(jì)的生活比過(guò)去的要容易多了。”be / become used to (doing) sth. 意為“習(xí)慣于做某事”，to為介詞，后接名詞或動(dòng)詞的-ing形式；be used to do sth 意為“被用來(lái)做某事”，此結(jié)構(gòu)中的used為動(dòng)詞use的過(guò)去分詞形式。

5. either… or句型結(jié)構(gòu)

【課文原句】The animal or plant has to either adapt to the change or find a new place.

【經(jīng)典考例】_______ either he or you going with me when the play _______ here?

A. Is; is put on B. Is; is put up C. Are; is put on D. Are; put up

【考點(diǎn)解析】either… or…意為“或者……或者……”，“不是……就是……”，當(dāng)連接兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與最近的一個(gè)主語(yǔ)在人稱(chēng)和數(shù)上保持一致。本題答案為A。

6. what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句

【課文原句】If we find out more about what we should do, we can help Steven and others like him keeping animals and plants from becoming endangered.

【經(jīng)典考例】

—What did your parents think about your decision?

—They always let me do _______I think I should.（NMET 2006）

A. when B. what C. how D. that

【考點(diǎn)解析】what引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，表示“……的事情”，在句中可充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)。句中的do后接一個(gè)名詞性從句做賓語(yǔ)，I should后省略了動(dòng)詞do，故空白處應(yīng)用what，此處的what相當(dāng)于the thing that。答案為B。

二、長(zhǎng)難句解析

1. You can move any side as many steps as you wish.

句中的as many steps as為同級(jí)比較，前一個(gè)as是副詞，后一個(gè)as是連詞，故形容詞、副詞應(yīng)置于第一個(gè)as之后，如又有表示倍數(shù)的詞修飾則常置于第一個(gè)as之前。例如：

You can eatas much as you like.你想吃多少就吃多少。

Americans eat more than twice as many vegetables per person today as they did in 1910.美國(guó)人現(xiàn)今每人蔬菜攝食量是1910年的兩倍多。

當(dāng)表示金錢(qián)，距離，時(shí)間，重量，雨量等概念時(shí)，常用as much as結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：

When he worked there, he could earn as much as 500 dollars a week. 當(dāng)他在那里工作時(shí)，一周能掙到500美元。

2. … we may be able to take measures before it is too late, …

句中的before用作連詞，引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句，意為“在……之前；還沒(méi)來(lái)得及”。例如：

Three weeks went by before she realized her mistakes. 過(guò)了三周，她才意識(shí)到自己的錯(cuò)誤。

before作連詞引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，從句的時(shí)態(tài)通常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來(lái)時(shí)。其基本意思是“在……之前”，但是具體譯法視上下文而定。例如：

We do want to buy something now before prices go up. 在物價(jià)上漲之前我們的確想買(mǎi)點(diǎn)東西。

Someone called me up in the middle of the night, but they hung up before I could answer the phone.(NMET2000) 半夜里有人給我打電話,可是我還沒(méi)來(lái)得及接,電話就掛斷了。

He will die before he will tell them what they want to know. 他寧死也不說(shuō)出他們想知道的事情。

3. We human beings could not survive without all the plants and animals around us.

句中的without和but for一樣引出的短語(yǔ)表示一個(gè)非真實(shí)的條件，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)if引導(dǎo)的含有否定意義的條件句If there were no all the plants and animals around us。 故句中用了虛擬語(yǔ)氣，表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，例如：

A fish couldnt live long without water. = A fish couldnt live long if there were no water.沒(méi)有水魚(yú)就活不了多久。

I cant speak English without making mistakes.我一講英語(yǔ)就出錯(cuò)。

有的語(yǔ)法學(xué)家稱(chēng)這種句子為條件否定句，又因?yàn)檫@種句子表示“沒(méi)有……就不（沒(méi)有）”的意思，起著強(qiáng)調(diào)語(yǔ)氣的作用，所以也有的語(yǔ)法學(xué)家稱(chēng)之為強(qiáng)調(diào)句?，F(xiàn)在有不少老師稱(chēng)之為雙重否定句是錯(cuò)誤的。雙重否定的定義是兩個(gè)否定詞用來(lái)否定同一個(gè)意念或詞，表示說(shuō)話者的躊躇不決，起著緩和語(yǔ)氣的作用，例如：

I said so not without any reason. 我這么說(shuō)不是沒(méi)有任何理由的。

這種句子與兩個(gè)否定詞否定兩個(gè)意念的句子完全不同，不能混為一談。