羅素華
cost, pay, spend, take這四個動詞都可以表示“花費”的意思,但用法不同,因此使用時要特別注意?,F(xiàn)對它們的用法分別作一說明:
一、 cost意為“值(多少)錢”、“使……花錢”。其主語必須是“物”,常用于“sth costs (sb) some money”結(jié)構(gòu)中。例如:
(1) I like the skirt, but it costs too much. 我喜歡這條裙子,但是價錢太貴。
(2) The pants cost twenty yuan. 這條褲子值20元。
(3) The Chinese dictionary cost me forty yuan. 這本漢語詞典花了我40元。
二、 pay意為“付款”、“給……報酬”,其主語是人,賓語是表示人或錢的名詞或代詞。例如:
(4) I havent paid the doctor yet. 我尚未付款給醫(yī)生。
(5) Please pay this bill by the end of the month. 請在月底付款。
(6) He paid the worker 100 yuan. 他付給那個工人100元錢。
如果表示“買什么東西付款”可以用“pay (some money) for sth”結(jié)構(gòu)。例如:
(7) Im afraid that if youve lost the book, you must pay for it. 如果你把書弄丟了,可是得賠償啊。
(8) Ill pay 50 yuan for these books. 這些書我花了50元錢。
表示“付給某人(多少錢)買某樣?xùn)|西”時,可用“pay sb (some money) for sth”結(jié)構(gòu)。例如:
(9) She will pay you for this handbag. 她愿付錢買這個手提包。
pay for 還可以作“得到報應(yīng)”、“吃虧”解。例如:
(10) Youll have to pay for your crime. 你必將因你所犯的罪行而受到懲處。
三、 spend的主語必須是人,賓語可以是“時間”、“金錢”、“精力”等。常用于“sb spends some money on sth/in doing sth”結(jié)構(gòu)。例如:
(11) I didnt spend all the money. 我沒有把錢都花掉。
(12) I spent a lot of money on books. 我花了很多錢買書。
(13) She spent two hours (in) doing her homework. 她花了兩個小時做家庭作業(yè)。
spend用在被動句中時,其后的in不可省略。例如:
(14) An hour was spent in doing the work. 干那件工作花了一小時。
四、 take表示“花費”時,主語可以是“人”,也可以是“事”,后面常接雙賓語。常用于“it takes somebody some time to do sth”句式,意為“做某事花費某人多少時間”。這時it用作形式主語,真正的主語為后面的動詞不定式。例如:
(17) He took five days to finish reading the book. 他花了五天看完這本書。
(18) I like writing to my penfriend,but it takes a lot of time. 我喜歡給筆友寫信,但這要花大量的時間。
(19) Itll take you about half an hour to get there. 到那兒你大約要花半個小時的時間。
練習(xí):用cost, pay, spend或take填空:
1. The nice coatthe girl thirty yuan.
2. Itthem two hours to do their homework.
3. They didntfor the books.
4. Shean hour writing the letter last night.
5. Have youfor the windbreaker?
6. How much did the T-shirtyour sister?
7. He took out some money andfor the jacket.
8. How long did itthe workers to finish the teaching building?
Key: 1. cost2. took3. pay4. spent5. paid6. cost7. paid8. take
中學(xué)英語園地·教學(xué)指導(dǎo)版2008年10期