夏文靜

join, join in, take part in

join意為“加入某一種組織，并成為其中一員”，后面還可接表示人的名詞或代詞，表示加入到某人或某些人的行列中去。例如：

I joined the army three years ago. 我三年前就參軍了。

My uncle joined the Party in 1978.我叔叔是1978年入黨的。

join in表示“加入、參與某種活動”，in之后可接名詞或v-ing形式，表示“參加某人的活動”，可以說join sb. in (doing) sth.。例如：

He joined them in the work. 他同他們一起工作。

Will you join us in playing basketball? 你會跟我們一起打籃球嗎？

take part in指參加會議或群眾性活動，重在說明主語參加該項活動并在其中發(fā)揮作用。例如：

The teacher took part in our discussion yesterday. 昨天老師參加了我們的討論。

When will you take part in the meeting?你將什么時候參加會議？

alive, living, lively

alive是表語形容詞，意為“活著的”，“在世的”，它既可以修飾人也可以修飾物。作定語時，應(yīng)將其放在被修飾的名詞后面。例如： They were alive. 他們都還活著。

living作形容詞意為“活著的”，主要用作定語，常置于名詞之前，有時也可置于名詞之后。the living表示“活著的人”；作名詞意為“生計”。例如：

Every living person has a name.每一個活著的人都有一個名字。

lively意為“生動的”，“活潑的”，“充滿生氣的”，用作表語或定語，可以用來修飾人或物。例如：

The sports ground is lively with all sorts of ball games. 運動場上要進(jìn)行各種球類比賽，呈現(xiàn)出一派生氣勃勃的景象。

The boy has a lively mind. 這男孩頭腦靈活。

how long, how soon

how long是“多久（時間）”的意思，用于對時間段提問，詢問某一動作進(jìn)行多長時間了。例如：

It takes two months to finish the work.

→How long does it take to finish the work?

how soon是“過多久”的意思，用于將來時態(tài)的問句中，回答用“in + 一段時間”的時間狀語。例如：

We can be ready in five minutes.

→How soon can you be ready?

小試牛刀：

根據(jù)句意用所給詞語的適當(dāng)形式完成句子。

1. join, join in，take part in

① My father is going to ________ the meet-ing.

② They danced and danced until a lot of us ________.

③ You go first. Ill ________ you soon.

④ We ________ the peasants ________getting in the rice.

⑤ We hope everybody will ________ this struggle.

⑥ Have you ________ the League?

2. alive, living, lively

① Young children are usually ________.

② No man ________ is greater than he.

③ Millions of people hunt and fish for a ________.

④ His mother is dead, but his father is still ________.

⑤ Scientists are keeping a sick deer ________ at the center.

⑥ He makes his ________ by growing rice.

3. how long，how soon

① —________ will George come back from Australia?

—In four days.

② —________ have Henry and Emma been in China?

—For about two years.

③ —________ will your father leave for London?

—In a week, I think.

④ —________ did it take you to finish the work, Jenny?

—Three days.

Keys:

1. ① take part in ② joined in ③ join ④ joined; in

⑤ join in / take part in ⑥ joined

2. ① lively ② alive ③ living ④ alive ⑤ alive ⑥ living

3. ① How soon ② How long ③ How soon ④ How long