重點(diǎn)、難點(diǎn)分析

1. apply 玽i. 申請(qǐng);請(qǐng)求 玽t. 貼;敷;使 (法律等) 生效;應(yīng)用;運(yùn)用

apply (to sb.) (for sth.)

1) Youd better apply at once, in person or by letter. 你應(yīng)該立即申請(qǐng),親自去也好,寫信也好。

2) Many people apply to the company for the job. 許多人向那家公司申請(qǐng)這份工作。

3) The nurse applied the bandage to the wound. 護(hù)士用繃帶包扎傷口。

4) In this way they can better apply theory to practice.

這樣他們就能更好地把理論運(yùn)用到實(shí)踐中去。

【歸納拓展】

application 玭. 申請(qǐng);申請(qǐng)書 / 表;實(shí)施;應(yīng)用

applicant 玭. 申請(qǐng)者

apply sth. (to sth.) 將……應(yīng)用于……;把……涂抹在……上

apply to sb. / sth. 涉及某人 / 物;和某人有關(guān)

apply oneself to (doing) sth. 勤奮工作,努力工作,專心于;致力于

apply to do sth. 申請(qǐng)做某事

【基礎(chǔ)提升】

1) It is so noisy that he can hardly _________ (專心于,致力于) doing his work.

2) Nowadays, many poor students_________ (申請(qǐng)) go to school for free.

答案:1) apply himself to;2) apply to

【考題鏈接】

1) Many applicants have _________to the company for the only position available.

A. arrangedB. approached

C. appliedD. appointed

2) The 20% discount only _________club members

A. applies toB. refers to

C. devotes toD. comes to

答案:1) C;2) A

2. expand 玽i. 擴(kuò)大,擴(kuò)展;伸展,展開

Metals expand when they are heated. 金屬受熱則膨脹。

A tyre expands when you pump air into it. 輪胎一打氣就鼓起來。

The petals of the flowers expanded in the sunshine. 花瓣在陽光下張開了。

玽t. 張開,膨脹,擴(kuò)張,發(fā)展

Why not try to expand your story into a novel? 你怎么不把你的故事擴(kuò)展成小說呢?

The eagle expanded its wings and took flight. 鷹展翅翱翔。

【辨析】expand,extend和enlarge

expand 表示張開,膨脹,強(qiáng)調(diào)體積擴(kuò)大,或欲望膨脹

extendex (向外) + tend (伸展) 延伸;擴(kuò)展;提供、給予;強(qiáng)調(diào)長度或范圍的擴(kuò)展,延伸

extend the deadline until the end of the month 延期到月底為止

extend ones visit for a few days longer 把訪問時(shí)間延長幾天

enlargeen (表使動(dòng)) + largevt. 擴(kuò)大,放大

The leaders are planning to enlarge our playground with the development of our school.

隨著學(xué)校的發(fā)展,領(lǐng)導(dǎo)們打算擴(kuò)建操場。

The police had the photograph of the missing girl enlarged.

警察把失蹤姑娘的照片放大了。

【考題鏈接】

Can you _________your visit for a few days more?

A. enlargeB. expand

C. exploreD. extend

答案:D

3. identify 玽i. 認(rèn)同,感同身受

I found it hard to identify with any of the characters in the film.

我對(duì)這部影片里的任何角色都難以認(rèn)同。

vt. 認(rèn)定;識(shí)別,鑒別

Can you identify your umbrella among this lot?你能在這些雨傘中認(rèn)出你自己的嗎?

One can not identify happiness with wealth.幸福和財(cái)富不能混為一談。

She identified the man as her attacker.她認(rèn)出那個(gè)人就是襲擊過她的人。

【歸納拓展】

identify sb. / sth. as sb. / sth. 確認(rèn) / 證明某人 / 物為……

identify sth. with sth. 認(rèn)為某事物與另事物相同

identify with sb. 與某人認(rèn)同;以某人為模式

identification 玭. 驗(yàn)明;鑒別;身份證明;身份證明書

The identification of the accident victims took some time.

驗(yàn)明事故遇難者身分的工作費(fèi)了不少時(shí)間。

Can I see some identification, please? 給我看看你的身份證件行嗎?

identity 玭. 本身;身分;identified 玜dj. 經(jīng)鑒定的;unidentified 玜dj. 未經(jīng)確認(rèn)的;identifiable 玜dj. 可辨認(rèn)的

【考題鏈接】

The basic causes are unknown, although certain conditions that may lead to cancer have been. _________

A. identifiedB. informed

C. conveyedD. undertaken

答案:A

解析:identify認(rèn)出;識(shí)別,inform通知;告知,convey傳播;傳達(dá),undertake保證。句意為“癌癥的根本起因還不清楚,但某些可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致癌癥的條件已被發(fā)現(xiàn)?！?/p>

4.break into 侵入,闖入;破門而入

【歸納拓展】

1) break down 玽t. 打破,減輕,把……分解 vi. 徹底失敗,崩潰,停止運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn),放棄,(數(shù)據(jù),觀點(diǎn)等) 站不住腳

Firemen had to break the door down to reach the people trapped inside.

消防人員須破門而入,才能搶救困在屋里的人。

Our car broke down on the motorway.

我們的汽車在高速公路上拋錨了。

2) break up 玽t. 開墾,破碎,破壞,解散,結(jié)束,衰弱

The Government has broken up the large private estates. 政府把大片的私人地產(chǎn)分割開。

He was breaking up under the strain.他勞累過度,身體逐漸衰弱。

3) break through 玽. 突破

4) break in v. 闖入 (打斷,使習(xí)慣于,使馴服,訓(xùn)練成為)

5) break away from… 玽t. 脫離(離開,背棄,與……脫離關(guān)系)

6) break off 突然停止;中斷 (談判);斷絕 (關(guān)系)

7) break out (戰(zhàn)爭、瘟疫、火災(zāi)等) 爆發(fā)

【考題鏈接】

1) News reports say peace talks between the two countries _________with no agreement reached.

A. have broken down

B. have broken out

C. have broken in

D. have broken up

解析:答案是A。析語境可知,兩國和平談判失敗,沒有達(dá)成任何協(xié)議,因此該空應(yīng)填have broken down,表“(和平談判) 失敗”。

2) The computer system_________ suddenly while he was searching for information on the Internet.

A. broke downB. broke out

C. broke upD. broke in

解析:A由語境邏輯可以推出該空表示“壞了”, 因此應(yīng)填broke down。

3) To understand the grammar of the sentence, you must break it_________ into parts.

A. downB. upC. offD. out

解析:選A。 這是動(dòng)詞break與副詞搭配的用法比較。根據(jù)語境,可知break和要填的副詞搭配應(yīng)該有“分解”的含義,而break down和break up 都有“分解”之意。再分析語境可知這里談的是句子的分解,而只有break down 的隱含義為“分解以利于理解”,符合語境。

5. be faced with 面臨,面對(duì)

They are all faced with the same problem. 他們都面臨同樣的問題。

【歸納拓展】

1) face the music 承當(dāng)后果。

2) face to face (with) 面對(duì)面,面臨,當(dāng)面。如:

He came face to face with death. 他面臨死亡。

3) in (the) face of面對(duì);盡管,不顧

He showed great bravery in face of danger. 在危險(xiǎn)面前他表現(xiàn)出非常勇敢。

He succeeded in the face of great difficulties. 盡管有巨大困難,但他還是成功了。

4) lose face 丟面了/ save face 保全面子

5) make a face / make faces

【考點(diǎn)鏈接】

_________with a difficult situation. Arnold decided to ask his boss for advice.

A. To faceB.Having faced

C. FacedD. Facing

答案:C

6. get into a bad habit of 養(yǎng)成壞習(xí)慣

【歸納拓展】

get / fall into a bad habit of = form a bad habit of 養(yǎng)成 / 染上某習(xí)慣

be in a habit of 有某種習(xí)慣

break off the habit of / kick the habit of / get rid of the habit of改掉……的習(xí)慣