滕華敬
動名詞在高考中考查的比例是比較大的。下面介紹一下動名詞在高考中是怎樣被考查的,考什么,怎么考,考多少等方面?,F(xiàn)在我們按照考試頻率由高到低的順序總結一下:
考點1.:動名詞作及物動詞的賓語
請看2006,2007,2008三年的高考題對這一考點的考查,思考一下如何備考這類試題吧。
(1) I cant stand ______ with Jane in the same office. She just refuses _______ talking while she works. (2006北京卷)
A. working ; stoppingB. to work ; stoppingC. working ; to stop D. to work ; to stop
(2)The parents suggested ___ in the hotel room but their kids were anxious to camp out during the trip. (2006上海春)
A. sleepB. to sleepC. sleeping D. having slept
(3)--- There is a story here in the paper about a 110-year-old man.
--- My goodness! I cant imagine _________ that old. (2006江蘇卷)
A. to be B. to have been C. beingD. having been
(4) —Can I smoke here?
—Sorry. We dont allow ______ here.(江蘇卷)
A. people smoking B. people smokeC. to smoke D. smoking
(5)All the staff in our company are consideringto the city centre for the fashion show. (2007上海卷)
A.to go B.going C.to have gone D.having gone
(6) As a new driver, I have to practise _________ the car in my small garage again and again. (2008上海春招)
A. parking B. to parkC. parkedD. park
同學們會發(fā)現(xiàn)一些規(guī)律,備考策略就是匯總常見的只能跟 doing作賓語的動詞。
常見的此類動詞有:advise, allow, permit, avoid, consider, enjoy, finish, give up, cannot help, imagine, include, keep, keep on, mind, miss, put off, delay, practise, resist, suggest, dislike,admit,acknowledge ,appreciate,escape,deny,postpone,risk,fancy,excuse,stand,bear…等。
考點2:對于一些既可以用doing 作賓語又可以用 to do 作賓語的動詞的考查。
這類試題在很多地方的高考題中備受青睞,不信請看下面的高考題。
(1)After he became conscious,he remembered ____ and _____ on the head with a rod.(江西卷)
A.to attack; hitB.to be attacked;to be hit
C. attacking;be hit D.having been attacked;hit
(2) —Robert is indeed a wise man.
—Oh, yes. How often I have regretted ______ his advice! (2007安徽卷)
A. to take B. takingC. not to take D. not taking
(3)Susan wanted to be independent of her parents. She tried ____alone, but she didnt like it and moved back home. (2008湖南卷)
A. livingB. to live C. to be living D. having lived
這些題你都能作對嗎?如果沒有,那么請掌握好下邊這些詞匯的重要用法吧。
看完這個表,以后做這類題應該胸有成竹了吧。
考點3. 動名詞作介詞的賓語
一般來講介詞后要跟名詞或動名詞作賓語,所以這類試題很好辨認,較為簡單,可是很多題卻是陷阱重重,危機四伏,一不小心就會失手的,不信試試下面這個題:
(1) You can't imagine what difficulty we had ______ home in the snowstorm.
A. walked B. walkC. to walk D. walking[2007 遼寧卷]
你看懂是怎么回事了嗎?這個題沒有介詞?。渴聦嵣?,有介詞,但是省略了。本題考查了短語 have difficulty in doing sth, (在做某事方面有困難),in省略了,所以本質上是考查in的賓語,毫無疑問應選D項。問題是如果你沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)介詞的省略,恐怕就只能猜題了。
如何備考呢,介紹兩大陷阱題型以供參考:
陷阱一:介詞的省略
在下列的句子結構中,介詞常常被省略掉:
have trouble i/difficulty in doing sth在做某事方面有困難
spend time(money) (in) 花時間(錢)(干某事),
there is no point (in)(干某事)毫無意義
waste time (in) 浪費時間(干某事)
have no difficulty (in) (干某事)沒有困難
have fun (in) (干某事)有趣
have (no)trouble (in) (干某事)有(沒有)困難
end up (by) (以干某事)告終
take turns (at) 輪流 (干某事)
bother (about)(因干某事)煩惱
have a hard time (in)(因干某事)吃苦
陷阱二:to 作介詞
請看下題:
(2) Isn't it time you got down to _______ the papers? (重慶卷)
A. mark B. be markedC. being marked D. marking
按照慣例,to后跟do,構成不定式,因此誤選A。但是本題中的to卻是介詞,正確答案是D。
要知道大多數(shù)的to都是不定式符號,只有在少數(shù)短語中才是介詞,因此只要熟知這些短語,一切也將迎刃而解。
如:
Look forward to 期待著 contribute to 促成,對…做貢獻 lead to 導致,通向 be addicted to 對…成癮,沉溺與 be accustomed to 習慣于devote to致力于get used to 習慣于 according to根據(jù) get down to開始著手做.set about to開始做have access to有機會做
考點4 動名詞的復合結構
動名詞的復合結構是比較難理解的。首先從定義上來講,動名詞的復合結構就是在doing的前面加上一個邏輯主語;從應用的角度來看,主要適用于動名詞作主語和賓語;從形式上來看分兩種情況。第一種情況是當動名詞作主語時,??梢栽谇懊婕由弦粋€名詞或代詞的所有格,構成動名詞的復合結構。例如:
Their coming to help was a great encouragement to us. 他們前來幫助我們對我們是極大的鼓舞。
. Tom's escaping from the prison made trouble for the jailer. 湯姆越獄逃跑給監(jiān)獄看守帶來了很多麻煩。
第二種情況是動名詞在句中作賓語時,則既可以在前面加上一個名詞或代詞的所有格也可以加上名詞或代詞的賓格形式,例如:
Do you mind my smoking in the room? (邏輯主語my, 動名詞smoking) 你介意我在房間里吸煙嗎:
He insisted on Mary's staying there.(邏輯主語Mary, 動名詞staying) 他堅持讓瑪麗留在那兒。
如果你看懂了,那么試做下面的高考題吧。
(1) At the beginning of class, the noise of desks___ could be heard outside the classroom.(2007全國高考II)
A. opened and closed B. to be opened and closed
C. being opened and closedD. to open and close
(2) It is difficult to imagine his ________ the decision without any consideration.
A. accept B. acceptingC. to acceptD. accepted
考點5;動名詞作形容詞的賓語
這類題的基本形式就是 be+ adj.+doing,有此用法的短語并不多,所以同學們平時要多積累。
舉兩個例子吧: be worth doing 和be busy doing.。請看下題:
(1)It is worth considering what makes “convenience” foods so popular, and ____ better ones of your own. (2008北京卷)
A. introduces B. to introduce C. introducingD. introduced
補充考點:動名詞的主動形式表被動意義。
最常考的幾個詞有:be worth doing(值得被做);need doing(需要被做);want doing(需要被做);require doing(需要被做)。
關于動名詞同學們已經了解了不少,但是記住一點:懂了不一定就必定能得分,因為你們必須在理解的基礎上把它們記住,才算是真正變成自己的知識儲備,才能得心應手,那么還等什么,開始行動吧。(文中試題的答案已用斜體在題上表注)
答案
考點1:動名詞作及物動詞的賓語
1——6 CCCDBA
考點2:對于一些既可以用doing 作賓語又可以用 to do 作賓語的動詞的考查。
1——3 DDA
考點3. 動名詞作介詞的賓語
1——2 DD
考點4 動名詞的復合結構
1——2CB
考點5;動名詞作形容詞的賓語
1. C