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      略改英語高考真題 提升學生英語成績

      2011-12-29 00:00:00周興東
      教學與管理(中學版) 2011年11期


        眾所周知,每年的高考英語試題中的單項選擇題都是很有價值的。在日常教學中,為鞏固某一知識點,教師經(jīng)常讓學生演練高考真題。一來讓學生感受高考真題,找出差距;二來提高學生的做題速度與正確率。但美中不足的是,這樣的好題常常得不到充分的、多角度的運用。并且,若反復演練高考真題,學生就會產(chǎn)生厭倦感。在日常教學中,筆者對高考真題的重新利用有一新的發(fā)現(xiàn),這就是:略改真題,提升成績。
        略改高考真題的目的是:活化高考真題、開發(fā)學生智力、網(wǎng)絡化已有知識、提升學生成績。高考真題略改的形式可分為:選項改變,選項多列,題干增詞,題干減詞,題干增詞、減詞,詞序重設,等等。現(xiàn)以近幾年高考題為例,詳述于下。
        一、選項改變
        選項改變,就是對原高考真題的四個選擇項重新設置,以考查學生英語語言的綜合運用能力。
        真題1:The retired man donated most of his savings to the school damaged by the earthquake in Yushu,______the students to return to their classrooms.(2010江蘇28題)
        A.enablingB.having enabled
        C.to enableD.to have enabled
        略改題1:The retired man donated most of his savings to the school ______by the earthquake in Yushu,enabling the students to return to their classrooms.
        A.damagingB.having damaged
        C.to damageD.damaged
        原題考查的是現(xiàn)在分詞短語作狀語,因donate與enable兩個動作幾乎同時發(fā)生,故A項正確;略改后的試題考查的卻是表被動的過去分詞,最明顯的標志就是by一詞。在絕大多數(shù)情況下,by之前用過去分詞形式,這是規(guī)則。但也有例外,如固定短語judging by/from。
        “with+復合賓語”結(jié)構(gòu)是高考考點,有些省份的高考題直接考查,有些省份的高考題間接考查。在新知識傳授后的鞏固階段,教師可將非直接考查的“with+復合賓語”結(jié)構(gòu)高考題重新設置,用之于復習鞏固教學環(huán)節(jié)。
        真題2:With his work completed,the businessman stepped back to his seat,feeling pleased______he was a man of action.(2006湖南34題)
        A.whichB.thatC.what D.whether
        略改題2:With his work______,the businessman stepped back to his seat,feeling pleased that he was a man of action.
        A.completingB.completedC.to completeD.complete
        原題B項正確,它考查的是賓語從句,無詞義,不作成分;而稍改后的試題所考查的重點則變成“with+復合賓語”結(jié)構(gòu)了。
        二、選項多列
        選項多列,就是對原高考真題的四個選擇項列出多種表達形式,供學生選擇,從而考察學生的基本功,網(wǎng)絡化其已有知識,測試其綜合運用能力。
        真題3:With Father’s Day around the corner,I have taken some money out of the bank______presents for my dad.(2010全國卷Ⅰ34題)
        A.buyB.to buyC.buyingD.to have bought
        略改題3:With Father’s Day______,I have taken some money out of the bank to buy presents for my dad.
        a.around the cornerb.coming
        c.on the wayd.drawing near
        A.a,cB.b,d C.a,bD.a,b,c,d
        原題考查的是動詞不定式的一般式作目的狀語,B項正確;稍改后的試題考查的則是“with+復合賓語”結(jié)構(gòu),同時還考查了多種表達法,此題正確答案為D項。
        三、題干增詞
        通過對原高考真題的題干增添一、兩個詞,來打破學生的原有思維定勢,此舉是考查學生活用語境的好方法。
        真題4:The lady walked around the shops,______an eye out for bargains.
        A.keepB.keptC.keepingD.to keep(2010江西24題)
        略改題4:The lady walked around the shops,who______an eye out for bargains.
        A.keepB.keptC.keeping D.to keep
        原題C項正確,它考查的是現(xiàn)在分詞短語作伴隨狀語;而稍改后的試題在題干中只加了一個詞who,所考查的重點則變成定語從句了。
        真題5:______from the top of the tower,the south foot of the mountain is a sea of trees.(2010陜西16題)
        A.Seen B.Seeing C.Having seen D.To see
        略改題5:______from the top of the tower,people see the south foot of the mountain is a sea of trees.
        A.Seen B.SeeingC.Having seenD.To see
        原題正確選項為A項,它考查的是過去分詞短語作條件狀語;而在真題題干中加上兩個詞people see之后,則B項正確,它所考查的重點變成現(xiàn)在分詞了,因為現(xiàn)在分詞seeing的邏輯主語就是people。
        四、題干減詞
        與題干增詞相反,題干減詞就是在原高考真題的題干中減去一、兩個詞,從而改變了原題的句法結(jié)構(gòu)及考查指向,此時,學生必須運用原有知識、重新思考、仔細甄別、再作抉擇。
        真題6:I refuse to accept the blame for something ______ was someone else’s fault.(2010全國卷Ⅱ16題)
        A.who B.thatC.as D.what
        略改題6:I refuse to accept the blame for ______ was someone else’s fault.
        A.whoB.thatC.as D.what
        原題正確選項為B項,測試重點是定語從句;而在真題題干中減掉something一個詞之后,則選D項,它所測試的重點是名詞性從句,確切地說,此處是what引導的賓語從句。
        五、題干增詞、減詞
        題干增詞、減詞,就是通過增加、減少原高考真題題干中的一、兩個詞,來激發(fā)學生重新思辨,作出明智判斷。
        真題7:Barbara is easy to recognize as she’s the only one of the women who ______ evening dress.(2010年國卷Ⅱ15題)
        A.wear B.wearsC.has wornD.have worn
        略改題7:Barbara is not easy to recognize as she’s one of the women who ______ evening dress.
        A.wearB.wears C.has worn D.have worn
        原題考查的是主謂一致問題,B項正確;稍改后的試題題干中,由于在easy之前增加了not,還減掉了題干中the only兩個詞,它所考查的雖然還是主謂一致問題,但正確答案卻為A項,因為,時過境遷,語境有變。
        六、詞序重設
        詞序重設,就是在題干中對句中的詞序重新設置,從而改變原題的考查重點,考查學生的活用語言能力。
        真題8:The house I grew up ____ has been taken down and replaced by an office building. (2009江西26題)
        A.in it B.in C.in thatD.in which
        略改題8:The house______I grew up has been taken down and replaced by an office building.
        A.in it B.inC.in that D.in which
        原題正確選項為B項,它考查的是定語從句,I前省掉了which或that;而在真題題干中把____劃在I之前,則D項正確,它所考查的重點仍是定語從句,只是“另立門戶,門牌有別”而已。
       ?。ㄘ熑尉庉嫻窳幔?br/>

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