句子:學(xué)者們在探討20年前蘇聯(lián)解體的原因。
誤譯:The scholars are exploring the reason why the Soviet Union dismissed twenty years ago.
正譯:The scholars are exploring the reason why the Soviet Union collapsed twenty years ago.
解釋:to dismiss 的意思是 to send sb away or allow them to leave,其字面意思是“打發(fā)人走開或允許人離開”,即“解散”,常用作口令?!敖馍ⅰ钡膶ο笫侨?。而“解體”的意思是“崩潰”,其主體是團(tuán)體或機(jī)構(gòu),可以譯為 to collapse。
“解體”的第一個意思是“整體結(jié)構(gòu)分解”。英語可以譯為 to disintegrate。例如:1. 這架飛機(jī)掉入大海時解體了。The plane disintegrated as it fell into the sea.
“解體”的第二個意思是“崩潰”、“垮臺”或“瓦解”。英語動詞可以譯為 to disintegrate, to collapse, to break up, to fall apart, to crumble。名詞可以譯為 break-up。例如:2. 20年前,蘇聯(lián)解體,它的15個加盟共和國獲得獨立。Twenty years ago the Soviet Union broke up and its 15 republics gained independence.
“解散”的第一個意思是“聚集的人群散開”。譯為 to dismiss, to fall out。例如:3. 士兵們在軍事檢閱以后就解散了。The soldiers were dismissed after the military parade.
“解散”的第二個意思是“機(jī)構(gòu)或團(tuán)體取消或自動離散”。英語動詞可以譯為 to dissolve, to disband, to break up, to close down, to fall apart;名詞可以譯為 collapse, break-up。例如:4. 董事會決定解散這個不賺錢的公司。The board of directors decided to disband the unprofitable company.▲
(本欄目供稿:王逢鑫教授)