今年是龍年 (the year of the dragon)?!褒垺痹谟⒄Z(yǔ)中的對(duì)應(yīng)詞是 dragon。
“龍” 和 dragon 都是神話動(dòng)物(mythical animal)或傳說(shuō)動(dòng)物(legendary animal)。但是東方和西方對(duì)龍的描述是不同的?!冬F(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ)詞典》說(shuō)“龍是我國(guó)古代傳說(shuō)中的神異動(dòng)物,身體長(zhǎng),有鱗,有角,有腳,能走,能飛,能游泳,能興云降雨”。(The dragon was a miraculous animal in ancient Chinese traditional legends, with a long body, scales, horns and feet, which could walk, fly, swim and gather clouds to pour down rain.)《牛津高階英語(yǔ)詞典》說(shuō) ,The dragon is a large aggressive animal with wings and a long tail, that can breathe out fire. (龍是一種大型的好斗動(dòng)物,有翼和長(zhǎng)尾巴,能吐火。)
龍?jiān)谖鞣讲痪哂刑嗟奈幕瘍?nèi)涵(cultural connotation)。
dragon另有一個(gè)意思是a woman who behaves in an aggressive and frightening way,即“母老虎”。成語(yǔ) to sow dragon's teeth(“種龍牙”),源自希臘神話,指做能挑起爭(zhēng)端的事情。例如: 1. Wherever he went, he sowed dragon's teeth by preaching racial segregation.他無(wú)論去哪里,都借助鼓吹種族隔離,挑起爭(zhēng)端。德國(guó)詩(shī)人海涅有過(guò)“撒播龍種,收獲跳蚤”的詩(shī)句,表明“付出極大努力,卻獲得令人失望的結(jié)果”。例如:2. I have sown dragon seeds and have reaped/harvested fleas. 我播撒的是龍種,收獲的卻是跳蚤。在中國(guó),龍被看作是文化圖騰(cultural totem)和民族形象(national image)?!褒埖膫魅恕笔莇escendants of the dragon,“賽龍舟”是dragon-boat race,“舞龍燈”是 dragon-lantern dance。近年來(lái),影視作品、奇幻小說(shuō)、動(dòng)漫和網(wǎng)絡(luò)游戲中出現(xiàn)許多與 dragon相關(guān)的詞匯,如:raise and keep a dragon(蓄養(yǎng)龍), train/tame a dragon(馴龍)等?!?/p>
(本欄目供稿:王逢鑫教授)