余可佳

許多動(dòng)詞與某一小品詞搭配具有類似的含義，所以掌握英語(yǔ)短語(yǔ)和慣用語(yǔ)有一個(gè)重要的方法，那就是通過(guò)介詞或副詞之類的小品詞理解和歸納它們。以介詞on為例，它有“依靠，支撐”的意思，許多動(dòng)詞與on搭配都可以表達(dá)“依靠、依賴、指望”的含義。例如，新課標(biāo)教材模塊二第五單元有這樣兩個(gè)句子：

As some of these actors could not sing well enough, they had to rely on other musicians to help them.

因?yàn)檫@些演員中有些人唱得不是很好，他們不得不依靠隊(duì)里的其他人幫助。

The musicians were to play jokes on each other as well as play music, most of which was based loosely on the Beatles.

音樂(lè)人演奏音樂(lè)的同時(shí)還彼此打趣逗樂(lè)，這些玩音樂(lè)大多都在模仿“甲殼蟲”樂(lè)隊(duì)。

其中，rely on表示“依賴，支撐”，base on表示“以……為基礎(chǔ)”。

用“動(dòng)詞+on”表示“依靠，支撐”的短語(yǔ)有：

1. bank on表示“依賴，指望”。例如：

Im banking on your help.

我還得靠你幫忙呢。

2. build on表示“依賴，指望”。例如：

I shall build on your supporting us.

我指望著你對(duì)我們的支持。

3. calculate on表示“指望”。例如：

Who can calculate on the fortitude of one whose life has been around of pleasures?

誰(shuí)能指望生活里全是享受的人堅(jiān)忍不撥？

4. count on表示“指望”。例如：

I think we can count on Mr White to support us.

我想我們能指望懷特先生支持我們。

5. depend on表示“依靠”。例如：

We depend on food to keep us alive.

我們依靠食物生存。

6. fall back on表示“依靠，借助于”。例如：

You can always fall back on him when you are in difficulties.

遇到困難時(shí)，你總可以依靠他的幫助。

7. figure on表示“指望，估計(jì)”。例如：

I figure on his coming and he came.

我指望他來(lái)，他真的來(lái)了。

8. lay ones hope on表示“寄希望于”。例如：

We lay our hopes on the rising generation.

我們寄希望于年輕一代。

9. lean on表示“依靠”。例如：

The old man was leaning on his staff.

老人倚著手杖。

Dont always lean on others for help.

不要老是依賴他人的幫助。

10. live on意思是“靠……生存”。例如：

They camped in the air and lived on wild plants.

他們?cè)谝暗芈端?，靠吃野菜生活?/p>

11. reckon on表示“依靠，指望”。例如：

We shall reckon on your support this time.

這次我們指望得到你們的支持。

12. rely on表示“依靠”之義。例如：

We must rely on our own efforts.

我們要靠自己的努力。

You can rely on Peter to do whatever he promises.

你可以相信彼得會(huì)做他答應(yīng)做的事。

Rely on it后接that從句表示“指望，依靠”，例如：

You may rely on it that he will be early.

你可以指望你早點(diǎn)。

13. rest on表示“信賴，依靠”。例如：

I rest on your promise.

我相信你的諾言。

Our hope rests on you.

我們的希望寄托在你的身上。

14. subsist on表示“靠……維持生命”。例如：

Squirrels subsist on nuts during the winter.

冬季里，松鼠靠堅(jiān)果維持生命。

另外，下列動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)中的on均有“依靠，支撐”的含義，也可歸入此類一并掌握：

trade on對(duì)……加以利用

settle on停在，棲息在

light on (鳥)停在(樹上)

lay stress on 著重

lie on 躺在……上

練習(xí)

1. — Will you go skiing with me this winter vacation?

— It____________.

A. all depend B. all depends

C. is all depended D. is all depending

2. — Jane is always lying.

— So its no wonder that she has no one to____________.

A. rely on B. pick up

C. hold on D. find out

3. You may____________ that they will finish the hard job on time.

A. believe in B. rely on it

C. depend on D. live on

4. As babies, we____________ entirely____________

others for food.

A. take; on B. take; up

C. rely; on D. rely; up

5. Im planning to hold a party in the open air, but I can make no guarantees because it____________ the weather.

A. links with B. depends on

C. connects to D. decides on

6. Asia is important to America because Americas prosperity____________ trade with Asias growing economies.

A. depends to B. takes off

C. relies on D. breaks out

7. You may____________ a more practical way of solving the problem will soon come up.

A. rely on B. rely on that

C. rely that D. rely on it that

8.____________ on a true story, the film is well worth____________.

A. To base; to see B. Based; seeing

C. Basing; being seen D. Basing; seeing

9. The plant may grow to a height of several meters,____________ soil conditions.

A. relying on B. depending on

C. getting on D. carrying on

10. Tim always relies____________ his wife for advice____________ clothes.

A. on; on B. on; for

C. in; in D. on; in

答案

1~5 BABCB6~10 CDBBA