鄧四海 黃仁財(cái) 王鐵生
江西省萍鄉(xiāng)市人民醫(yī)院口腔科,江西萍鄉(xiāng) 337055
早期舌癌復(fù)發(fā)原因及相應(yīng)預(yù)防措施
鄧四海 黃仁財(cái) 王鐵生
江西省萍鄉(xiāng)市人民醫(yī)院口腔科,江西萍鄉(xiāng) 337055
目的 探析早期舌癌的復(fù)發(fā)原因及相應(yīng)預(yù)防措施。 方法 回顧性分析本院2000年5月~2009年5月收治的160例舌癌患者的臨床資料。 結(jié)果 ≥45歲患者的復(fù)發(fā)率顯著高于<44歲的患者,有抽煙和喝酒等不良嗜好患者的復(fù)發(fā)率顯著高于沒有此嗜好的患者,臨床Ⅱ分期患者的復(fù)發(fā)率顯著高于Ⅰ分期的患者,中低癌細(xì)胞分化程度患者的復(fù)發(fā)率顯著高于高分化程度的患者,未進(jìn)行綜合治療患者的復(fù)發(fā)率顯著高于進(jìn)行綜合治療的患者,未進(jìn)行頸清患者的復(fù)發(fā)率顯著高于進(jìn)行頸清患者(P<0.05);患者的性別對(duì)術(shù)后復(fù)發(fā)率的影響差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。 結(jié)論 是否行頸清掃、是否有抽煙或喝酒等不良嗜好、是否綜合治療、臨床分期和癌細(xì)胞分化程度是影響早期舌癌復(fù)發(fā)的因素。
早期舌癌;復(fù)發(fā)原因;相應(yīng)預(yù)防措施
舌癌是口腔頜面部發(fā)病率最高的惡性腫瘤[1],也是目前最常見的口腔癌之一,約占全身惡性腫瘤的第6位。早期舌癌的治療效果較為理想,但影響早期舌癌復(fù)發(fā)預(yù)后的因素較多,復(fù)發(fā)后挽救性治療的成功率較低,嚴(yán)重影響了患者的預(yù)后。本文就早期舌癌復(fù)發(fā)原因及相應(yīng)預(yù)防措施進(jìn)行探析。
1.1一般資料
收集本院2000年5月~2009年5月收治的160例經(jīng)病理診斷為早期舌癌患者隨訪5年的資料,男性98例,女性62例;年齡20~89歲,平均(52.77±3.46)歲;按2002年UICC的TNM分期法:Ⅰ期82例,Ⅱ期78例;高分化癌119例,中低分化癌41例。
1.2方法
采用回顧性分析方法對(duì)各因素在5年內(nèi)對(duì)早期舌癌復(fù)發(fā)率的影響因素進(jìn)行分析。
1.3統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)處理
數(shù)據(jù)采用SPSS 14.0軟件進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)分析,計(jì)數(shù)資料采用χ2檢驗(yàn),以P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
患者性別對(duì)術(shù)后復(fù)發(fā)率的影響差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。患者5年內(nèi)的生存率為70.625%(113/160),≥45歲患者的復(fù)發(fā)率顯著高于<44歲的患者,有抽煙和喝酒等不良嗜好患者的復(fù)發(fā)率顯著高于沒有此嗜好的患者,臨床Ⅱ分期患者的復(fù)發(fā)率顯著高于I分期患者,中低癌細(xì)胞分化程度患者的復(fù)發(fā)率顯著高于高分化程度的患者,未進(jìn)行綜合治療患者的復(fù)發(fā)率顯著高于進(jìn)行綜合治療的患者,未進(jìn)行頸清患者的復(fù)發(fā)率顯著高于進(jìn)行頸清患者(P<0.05)(表1)。
表1 對(duì)早期舌癌復(fù)發(fā)率影響因素的比較[n(%)]
本研究結(jié)果顯示,≥45歲患者的復(fù)發(fā)率顯著高于<44歲的患者,這與之前的研究一致[2];臨床Ⅱ分期患者的復(fù)發(fā)率顯著高于Ⅰ分期的患者,中低癌細(xì)胞分化程度患者的復(fù)發(fā)率顯著高于高分化程度的患者,因此在老年患者中要高度重視對(duì)早期舌癌的診斷,及時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)舌癌患者,以免延誤治療。目前研究對(duì)舌癌分化程度是否是影響預(yù)后的重要因素存在較大分歧,如王艷紅等[3]的研究表明兩者有相關(guān)性,而劉少臣等[4]認(rèn)為兩者無相關(guān)性,有待進(jìn)一步研究。
在進(jìn)行早期舌癌治療時(shí),根據(jù)患者的具體情況采用綜合手術(shù)治療包括誘導(dǎo)化療結(jié)合手術(shù)治療、手術(shù)結(jié)合術(shù)后化療、手術(shù)結(jié)合術(shù)后放療和誘導(dǎo)化療結(jié)合手術(shù)及術(shù)后放療。本研究結(jié)果顯示,有抽煙和喝酒等不良嗜好患者的復(fù)發(fā)率顯著高于沒有此嗜好的患者,提示術(shù)后患者應(yīng)戒除抽煙和喝酒等不良嗜好。在舌癌患者中出現(xiàn)頸淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移的患者較多[5],有文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道舌癌發(fā)生淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移率可達(dá)40%~80%[6]。盡管近年來通過B超、CT等一系列先進(jìn)儀器可發(fā)現(xiàn)一些隱匿性淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移,但早期舌癌的復(fù)發(fā)率仍在30%~40%[7-8],采用連續(xù)切片可使淋巴結(jié)的檢出率提高,可達(dá)到50%[9]。頸部未予處理有37%的舌癌病例出現(xiàn)頸部淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移[10],因此舌癌一般行原發(fā)灶切除和頸部淋巴結(jié)清掃術(shù),其中Huang等[11]認(rèn)為進(jìn)行預(yù)防性頸清掃是非常重要的。
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Recurrent reasons for early-stage tongue cancer and their corresponding preventive measures
DENG Si-haiHUANG Ren-caiWANG Tie-sheng
Department of Stomatology,Pingxiang People′s Hospital of Jiangxi Province,Pingxiang 337055,China
ObjectiveTo explore the recurrent reasons and their corresponding preventive measures of early-stage tongue cancer.MethodsClinical data of 160 patients with early-stage tongue cancer collected by our hospital from May 2000 to May 2009 was retrospectively analyzed.ResultsRecurrence rate of patients aged≥45 years old was obviously higher than that of patients aged<44 years old,recurrence rate in patient who smoked or drank alcohol was greatly higher than that in patient without these bad habits,recurrence rate in clinical stageⅡwas higher than that in stageⅠ,recurrence rate in patients with low and medium cancer cell differentiations was higher than that in patients with high cell differentiation,recurrence rate in patients who didn′t accept comprehensive therapy was higher than that in patients who accepted the therapy,recurrence rate in patients who didn′t undergo neck dissection was higher than that in patients who did(P<0.05).There was no statistical difference of influence of gender on recurrence rate after operation (P>0.05).ConclusionWhether or not neck dissection applied,whether or not having bad habits like smoking or drinking alcohol,whether or not comprehensive therapy adopted,clinical stage,and differentiated degree of cancer cell are factors influencing on recurrence of early-stage tongue cancer.
Early-stage tongue cancer;Recurrent reason;Corresponding preventive measure
R739.86
B
1674-4721(2014)09(c)-0189-02
2014-06-30本文編輯:許俊琴)