1. defend v. 防守，防御；保衛(wèi)，辯解

Troops have been sent to defend the borders.

部隊已被派出守衛(wèi)邊疆。

How can you defend such behavior？

你怎能為這種行為辯解呢？

搭配：

defend sb/sth against sb/sth 抵御……；為……申辯

All officers are trained to defend themselves against knife attacks.

所有警察都接受過防御訓(xùn)練以對付持刀襲擊。

defence n. 保衛(wèi)，防御；辯方，被告方

At least， for that， his defence team should be grateful.

至少對于這一點，他的辯護團應(yīng)該感到感激。

2. attend v. 上（學(xué)）；出席，參加；照料

She is so sick that she cant attend a class.

她病得太嚴(yán)重而不能上課。

It is necessary for you to attend the meeting.

你有必要參加這次會議。

She was constantly attended by her sister.

她經(jīng)常由她姐姐照料著。

attend to sb/sth 處理；照料；注意（聽）

I have some urgent business to attend to.

我有一些急事要處理。

3. various adj. 各種各樣的，各種不同的；若干

There are various ways of doing this work.

做這一工作的方法有很多種。

Various people said theyd seen the accident.

很多人說他們目睹了這次車禍。

variety n. 各式各樣的事物；變化，多樣化；種類，品種

Everyone arrived late at the party for a variety of reasons.

參加聚會的人因為種種原因而遲到。

4. immediate adj. 立刻的，即刻的；直接的

This work demands your immediate attention.

這項工作需要你立即處理。

The immediate cause of the fire is unknown.

造成火災(zāi)的直接原因不明。

immediately adv. 立即地，馬上

conj. 一……就……

I came immediately after I had eaten.

我一吃完飯就過來了。

5. deserve v. 應(yīng)得，值得；值得受到（獎賞或懲罰）

You deserve a good rest after all that hard work.

辛苦這么久，你該好好休息下了。

If the little boy really lied， he deserved punishment.

如果那個小男孩真的撒謊了，那他應(yīng)該受到懲罰。

搭配：

（sb） deserve to do（某人）應(yīng)做（某事）

Everyone deserves to have a chance at life.

每個人在人生當(dāng)中都應(yīng)得一次機會。

6. rely v. 信任，信賴；依賴，依靠

You can rely on me to keep your secret.

你盡可以相信我會替你保守秘密。

These days people rely heavily on computers to finish work.

今天的人們很大程度上依賴電腦來完成工作。

Rely on me/my doing it.

放心好了，我會做那件事。

7. appoint v. 任命，委派；安排，確定（時間、地點）

They appointed him as captain of the English team.

他們?nèi)蚊麨橛⒏裉m隊隊長。

A date for the meeting is still to be appointed.

會議日期尚待確定。

appointment n. 預(yù)約；約會；任命

The director wont see you unless you have an appointment.

除非事先預(yù)約，否則董事不會見你。

8. commit v. 犯（錯誤，罪行）；作出保證，承諾

Most teenagers commit crimes because they lack parental control.

大多數(shù)青少年犯罪是由于缺少父母監(jiān)管。

The manager has refused to commit himself on this matter.

那位經(jīng)理拒絕就此問題作出承諾。

commitment n. 承諾，諾言；忠誠，支持

The companys commitment to provide quality at a reasonable price has been vital to its success.

這家公司保證供貨質(zhì)優(yōu)價廉的承諾對它的成功起了決定性作用。

9. confirm v.（尤指通過提供更多證據(jù)）證實，進一步確

定；批準(zhǔn)，確認(rèn)

The expression on her face confirmed our worst fears.

她臉上的表情證實了我們最擔(dān)心的事情發(fā)生了。

confirmation n. 證實；證明；確定

There has still been no official confirmation of the report.

傳聞還沒有得到官方的證實。

10. There is no doubt that... 毫無疑問

There is no doubt that we did the right thing.

毫無疑問我們做對了。

There is no doubt that she will call us when she gets there.

她到達那兒的時候必定會給我們打電話。

（1） There is no possibility that... 沒有……的可能性

There is no possibility that she will be lost.

她不可能會迷路。

（2） It is no wonder that... 難怪……

It is no wonder that youve got a headache when you drank so much last night.

昨晚你喝了那么多酒，難怪你頭痛。

11. if necessary 如果有必要的話

If necessary （= If it is necessary）， you can use my car.

必要的話，你可以用我的車。

You may refer the matter to him if necessary （= if it is necessary）.

必要的話你可以把這件事委托給他。

“if+形容詞”是“if （it is/was） + 形容詞”省略it is/was的形式；if necessary為if it is necessary省略句形式。if后還可跟possible，ready等。例如：

If possible （= If it is possible）， let me know beforehand.

如果可能，事先讓我知道。

Send the goods now if ready （= if it is ready）.

貨物如已備好，請立即送來。

12. be used to （sth/doing sth） 習(xí)慣于（某事/做某事）

We are used to the noise from the traffic now.

現(xiàn)在我們已經(jīng)適應(yīng)車輛往來的噪音了。

I found the job tiring at first but soon I was used to it.

起初我覺得這份工作很辛苦，但很快就習(xí)慣了。

辨析：

比較be used to和used to

be used to sth/doing sth指某人已經(jīng)習(xí)慣、適應(yīng)于某事/做某事，否定形式為be not used to，同時，可與get used to sth/doing sth互換。

Im not used to eating so much at lunch time.

我不習(xí)慣午飯吃那么多。

used to指過去常常做某事而現(xiàn)在不做某事；否定形式為didnt use to或usednt to。

I used to smoke， but I gave up a couple of years ago.

我以前要抽煙，但兩年前戒掉了。

13. draw sbs attention to 引起某人注意（某事物）

The teacher tries to draw students attention to what she is saying.

老師想把學(xué)生注意力引到她所講的內(nèi)容上。

pay attention to 注意……，留心……

You must pay attention to the teacher.

你必須專心聽老師講課。

The music was on but I wasnt paying much attention to it.

音樂響起，但是我沒怎么注意聽。

14. take possession of 占有，占據(jù)，擁有

You cant take possession of the house until all the papers have been signed.

所有的文件簽字以后你才能擁有這座房子。

（1） possess v. 擁有，占有；支配

The police asked me if I possessed the car.

警察問這輛車是不是我的。

（2） in possession of 擁有，占有

He is in possession of a large estate in the country.

他在鄉(xiāng)下?lián)碛幸淮髩K地產(chǎn)。

15. be based on 根據(jù)，以……為基礎(chǔ)

The report is based on different figures from six European cities.

報告是根據(jù)來自歐洲六個城市的不同數(shù)據(jù)完成的。

Friendship should be based on mutual respect.

友誼應(yīng)建立在對彼此的尊重之上。

（1） base n. 底部，根基，基礎(chǔ)；總部，基地

v. 以……為基礎(chǔ)；以……為基地

Many languages have Latin as their base.

許多語言都以拉丁語為基礎(chǔ)。

Our companys base is in London， but we have branches all over the world.

我們公司的總部在倫敦，但是我們在全世界各處都設(shè)有分公司。

Who Discovered America

Teacher： Pappu， go to the map and find North America.

Pappu： Here it is！

Teacher： Correct. Now， class， who discovered America？

Class： Pappu！

跟蹤導(dǎo)練（一）

閱讀理解

A T-shirt has become one of the most popular items sold by online trader Amazon in the past few weeks. Sales of the Three Wolf Moon T-shirt shot up 2，300% after an increase of ironic（諷刺性的）comments went up.

The first review gave the shirt five stars， saying “It fits my fat body， has wolves on it， attracts girls” but “cannot see wolves with arms crossed”. That caused hundreds of others to post foolish reviews， turning the page into an Internet attraction.

“When I put this T-shirt on for the first time， my wife left me！ Thank you， Three Wolf Moon T-shirt！” wrote one man， while another said， “The Three Wolf Moon T-shirt gave me a ten-plus resistance to energy attacks， eight-plus strength. And I have successfully solved 7 crimes in my city.”

Amazons senior manager of community content， Russell Dicker， said the T-shirt was currently the top selling item in their clothing store. “The Three Wolf Moon T-shirt recently moved up 2，300% in sales rank，” he said. “We are grateful that our reviewers are so passionate.”

However， the firm which actually made the T-shirt appeared less than pleased at some of the comments. “The Mountain is a wholesale（批發(fā)的）company and does not sell shirts on Amazon. These comments werent acceptable in some way until the shirt made the Mountain Three Wolf Moon T-shirt company into the top 10 in the Amazon clothing part，” they said in a posting on the Amazon site. “We appreciate buyers humor， but we dont agree on some of the remarks.”

However， the firms art director Michael McGloin said the firm was actually rather pleased with the publicity. “Well take ironic fashion someday and were printing another 400，000 more T-shirts， and its just a wonderful thing，” he said.

1. What brought about the increase of the sale of the T-shirt？

A. The low price. B. The quality of it.

C. The special style. D. The humorous reviews.

2. What is the second man most probably mentioned in Paragraph 3？

A. A policeman. B. A salesman.

C. An athlete. D. An official.

3. Talking about the Mountain， the firm that made the T-shirt ___ .

A. was to compete with it

B. decided to force it to sell more

C. was not satisfied with it at first

D. thought it should make greater progress

4. What can we infer from the words of Michael McGloin？

A. He is proud. B. He is honest.

C. He is hopeful. D. He is hard working.

單項選擇

1. Im sorry to tell you that I have a baby to ___ tomorrow night.

A. stick to B. help to

C. attend to D. lead to

2. Women should learn how to ___ themselves when under attack.

A. prevent B. develop

C. guide D. defend

3. The five-year-old girl is ___ because she can draw very well without learning.

A. talented B. gentle

C. skilled D. strict

4. You need to ___ and take care of your little brother for your parents.

A. pick up B. make up

C. go up D. grow up

5. The country life he was used to ___ greatly since 1993.

A. change B. changing

C. has changed D. have changed

閱讀表達

The word “addiction” usually makes you think of alcohol or drugs， but in modern-day society we are seeing some new kinds of addictions. Some people are compulsive（難以自制的）shoppers. Others find it impossible to pull themselves away from their work. Still others spend countless hours watching TV or playing computer games.

Over the years， shopping has become a very common activity. Many people enjoy going to malls or stores more and more every day， but its more than a common hobby for some of them. They have turned into shopaholics. They are people who simply enjoy shopping and walking around spending money without being able to stop doing it. They are hooked on shopping and usually buy things that they dont need. Even though they dont have enough money， they buy everything they want.

The question is： why do they have this addiction？ There isnt a specific answer. Some people go shopping when they are sad， worried， upset or lonely and they want to feel better. They use this activity as a way to forget their problems. Shopaholics say that they feel more important and better after they buy something. They also tend to have this addiction when they feel guilty.

Shopaholism seems to be a harmless addiction， but it can bring about many problems. Some of them can be psychological. If this is the case， people addicted to shopping should go to a support group to help them break this habit. However， the process， like for most addictions， is long， and they suffer a lot. It can also cause financial problems. They just think about satisfying their feelings， so they spend money they dont have. They get deep in debt， and they can even go bankrupt（破產(chǎn)）and get sent to prison.

跟蹤導(dǎo)練（三）

閱讀理解

Pearl opened her eyes when Ezra turned a page of his magazine. She pulled off her quilt. “Ezra，” she said. “If I could just have some water，” she told him.

He poured it from the waterpot. She heard no ice cubes clinking（叮當(dāng)聲）； they must have melted. Yet it seemed just minutes ago that hed brought in a whole new supply. He raised her head， rested it on his shoulder， and tipped the glass to her lips. Yes， half-heated not that she minded. She drank gratefully， keeping her eyes closed. His shoulder felt steady and comfortable. He laid her back down on the pillow.

“Dr Vincents coming at ten，” he told her.

“What time is it now？”

“Eight thirty.”

“Eight thirty in the morning？”

“Yes.”

“Have you been here all night？” she asked.

“I slept a little.”

“Sleep now. I wont be needing you.”

“Well， maybe after the doctor comes.”

It was important to Pearl that she cheated the doctor. She didnt want to go to the hospital. She had lung disease， and she was almost certain； she guessed it from a past experience. She recognized the way it settled into her back. If Dr Vincent found out， he would take her out of her own bed， her own house， and send her off to Union Memorial.

“Maybe you should cancel the doctor altogether，” she told Ezra. “Im improved very much， I believe.”

“Let him decide that.”

“Well， I know how my own self feels， Ezra.”

“We wont argue about it just now，” said he.

She sighed and smoothed her quilt. Wasnt it supposed to be the daughter who came and nursed you？ She knew she should send him away but she couldnt make herself do it. “I guess you want to get back to that restaurant，” she told him.

“No， no.”

“Youre like a mother who chatters about that place，” she said unhappily.

1. It can be inferred from the dialogue that Pearl had spent the night ___ .

A. staying in her bed

B. thinking about her illness

C. talking to Ezra about the past

D. making plans to go to the hospital

2. What could Ezra most probably do if Pearl was really ill？

A. Hed agree to let her stay home.

B. Hed make sure she would recover.

C. Hed insist on sending her to hospital.

D. Hed ask another doctor to make sure.

3. What does the underlined sentence suggest？

A. Pearl wanted to sleep.

B. Pearl wished Ezra to leave her alone.

C. Pearl was seriously ill and missed her daughter.

D. Pearl gave up persuading Ezra to cancel the doctor.

短文改錯

This is a fact that Senior Three students are working hard at their lessons， hope to improve their academic performance and pass the College Entrance Examination. But what worries me is that the large number of students is not active in taking physical exercise. The reason is because they dont pay enough attention to the importance of regular exercise. In fact， its very important of students to have sports every day. Experts say physical exercise is great importance for their physically and mental health. And a lack of sleep or exercise may be cause them to feel sleepy in class， which in the end led to students performing badly in exams.

單項選擇

1. She waved her hands to ___ my attention to her dress.

A. search B. draw

C. pay D. distract

2. As her little brothers coming， the cost of the family is moving ___ .

A. more B. less

C. upwards D. forward

3. Greg has been ___ the sales manager just now.

A. appointing by B. appointing like

C. appointed as D. appointed be

4. The white lines marked the ___ of the basketball field.

A. ends B. boundaries

C. terminals D. boards

5. It is uncertain ___ side effect the medicine will bring about， although about one hundred patients have taken it.

A. that B. how

C. what D. whether

“No， no.”

“Youre like a mother who chatters about that place，” she said unhappily.

1. It can be inferred from the dialogue that Pearl had spent the night ___ .

A. staying in her bed

B. thinking about her illness

C. talking to Ezra about the past

D. making plans to go to the hospital

2. What could Ezra most probably do if Pearl was really ill？

A. Hed agree to let her stay home.

B. Hed make sure she would recover.

C. Hed insist on sending her to hospital.

D. Hed ask another doctor to make sure.

3. What does the underlined sentence suggest？

A. Pearl wanted to sleep.

B. Pearl wished Ezra to leave her alone.

C. Pearl was seriously ill and missed her daughter.

D. Pearl gave up persuading Ezra to cancel the doctor.

短文改錯

This is a fact that Senior Three students are working hard at their lessons， hope to improve their academic performance and pass the College Entrance Examination. But what worries me is that the large number of students is not active in taking physical exercise. The reason is because they dont pay enough attention to the importance of regular exercise. In fact， its very important of students to have sports every day. Experts say physical exercise is great importance for their physically and mental health. And a lack of sleep or exercise may be cause them to feel sleepy in class， which in the end led to students performing badly in exams.

單項選擇

1. She waved her hands to ___ my attention to her dress.

A. search B. draw

C. pay D. distract

2. As her little brothers coming， the cost of the family is moving ___ .

A. more B. less

C. upwards D. forward

3. Greg has been ___ the sales manager just now.

A. appointing by B. appointing like

C. appointed as D. appointed be

4. The white lines marked the ___ of the basketball field.

A. ends B. boundaries

C. terminals D. boards

5. It is uncertain ___ side effect the medicine will bring about， although about one hundred patients have taken it.

A. that B. how

C. what D. whether

“No， no.”

“Youre like a mother who chatters about that place，” she said unhappily.

1. It can be inferred from the dialogue that Pearl had spent the night ___ .

A. staying in her bed

B. thinking about her illness

C. talking to Ezra about the past

D. making plans to go to the hospital

2. What could Ezra most probably do if Pearl was really ill？

A. Hed agree to let her stay home.

B. Hed make sure she would recover.

C. Hed insist on sending her to hospital.

D. Hed ask another doctor to make sure.

3. What does the underlined sentence suggest？

A. Pearl wanted to sleep.

B. Pearl wished Ezra to leave her alone.

C. Pearl was seriously ill and missed her daughter.

D. Pearl gave up persuading Ezra to cancel the doctor.

短文改錯

This is a fact that Senior Three students are working hard at their lessons， hope to improve their academic performance and pass the College Entrance Examination. But what worries me is that the large number of students is not active in taking physical exercise. The reason is because they dont pay enough attention to the importance of regular exercise. In fact， its very important of students to have sports every day. Experts say physical exercise is great importance for their physically and mental health. And a lack of sleep or exercise may be cause them to feel sleepy in class， which in the end led to students performing badly in exams.

單項選擇

1. She waved her hands to ___ my attention to her dress.

A. search B. draw

C. pay D. distract

2. As her little brothers coming， the cost of the family is moving ___ .

A. more B. less

C. upwards D. forward

3. Greg has been ___ the sales manager just now.

A. appointing by B. appointing like

C. appointed as D. appointed be

4. The white lines marked the ___ of the basketball field.

A. ends B. boundaries

C. terminals D. boards

5. It is uncertain ___ side effect the medicine will bring about， although about one hundred patients have taken it.

A. that B. how

C. what D. whether