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      運(yùn)用1HNMR和13CNMR研究聚對(duì)苯二甲酸2,5呋喃二甲酸乙二醇共聚酯(PEFT)的序列結(jié)構(gòu)

      2014-09-02 09:35:38蘆婷婷等
      分析化學(xué) 2014年8期
      關(guān)鍵詞:二甲酸對(duì)苯二甲呋喃

      蘆婷婷等

      摘要采用直接酯化法,通過(guò)改變對(duì)苯二甲酸(PTA)與2,5呋喃二甲酸(FDCA)的摩爾比,制備了一系列聚對(duì)苯二甲酸2,5呋喃二甲酸乙二醇共聚酯(PEFT)。運(yùn)用1HNMR和13CNMR測(cè)試手段研究PEFT共聚酯的鏈結(jié)構(gòu)。

      1引言

      共聚物的序列結(jié)構(gòu)影響其物理和化學(xué)性能,研究共聚物鏈序列結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)高聚物的改性和分子設(shè)計(jì)有重要意義。核磁共振是研究三元共聚物的結(jié)構(gòu)與組成的有效手段,已有大量文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道。

      從可再生資源中尋求新的材料或單體代替依賴石油資源的產(chǎn)品已成為一種趨勢(shì)。近年來(lái),基于可再生資源的含呋喃環(huán)聚酯已成為研究熱點(diǎn)之一。目前,已有一些關(guān)于2,5呋喃二甲酸乙二酸丁二醇共聚酯、2,5呋喃二甲酸對(duì)苯二甲酸乙二醇共聚酯等一系列含呋喃環(huán)聚酯的合成與性能研究的報(bào)道,本課題組亦在聚對(duì)苯二甲酸2,5呋喃二甲酸乙二醇共聚酯(PEFT)的合成、結(jié)構(gòu)和性能方面開(kāi)展了研究工作。然而,現(xiàn)有的報(bào)道均集中在含呋喃環(huán)聚酯的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)、合成和性能的研究,鮮有采用核磁共振(1HNMR和13CNMR)的手段研究PEFT共聚酯的序列結(jié)構(gòu)的文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道。

      本研究組合成了一系列PEFT共聚酯,研究了PEFT共聚酯的一級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)、熱性能和力學(xué)性能。序列結(jié)構(gòu)是共聚酯特有的,直接影響其性能。本研究運(yùn)用1HNMR和13CNMR方法對(duì)PEFT共聚酯分子鏈中乙二醇單元中受苯環(huán)和呋喃環(huán)遠(yuǎn)程作用影響較大的兩個(gè)亞甲基上氫原子和碳原子的化學(xué)位移進(jìn)行了分析,研究了PEFT三元共聚物的組成、序列結(jié)構(gòu)和鏈段分布,進(jìn)而通過(guò)上述方法計(jì)算了PEFT共聚酯的無(wú)規(guī)度(B)值和數(shù)均序列長(zhǎng)度(L)值,并且與聚對(duì)苯二甲酸2,5呋喃二甲酸乙二醇嵌段共聚物和聚對(duì)苯二甲酸乙二酯&2,5呋喃二甲酸乙二酯的共混物的結(jié)果進(jìn)行了對(duì)比。

      2.2.2聚對(duì)苯二甲酸2,5呋喃二甲酸乙二醇酯嵌段共聚物的制備分別以對(duì)苯二甲酸(PTA)、2,5呋喃二甲酸(FDCA)、乙二醇(EG)為原料,采用直接酯化法,分別按照摩爾比為nPTA∶nEG=1∶1.6和nFDCA∶nEG=1∶1.6, 同時(shí)按照PTA或FDCA摩爾數(shù)的‰加入催化劑Ti(OC4H9)4,進(jìn)行兩個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)A和B(實(shí)驗(yàn)A為聚對(duì)苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET),實(shí)驗(yàn)B為聚2,5呋喃二甲酸乙二醇酯(PEF))。將A、B反應(yīng)在N2保護(hù)下分別逐步加熱到250 ℃,待反應(yīng)均一透明(酯化結(jié)束)后升溫至265 ℃進(jìn)行縮聚,A反應(yīng)60 min,B反應(yīng)180 min后,終止反應(yīng),取出產(chǎn)物,將其打碎混合均勻后,在攪拌下加熱到265 ℃再進(jìn)行縮聚4 h,得到聚對(duì)苯二甲酸2,5呋喃二甲酸乙二醇酯嵌段共聚物。

      2.2.3聚對(duì)苯二甲酸2,5呋喃二甲酸乙二醇共聚酯(PEFT)的提純分別稱取共聚酯1 g,溶于15 mL鄰氯苯酚,待完全溶解后,邊攪拌邊緩慢滴入150 mL甲醇中,離心分離,反復(fù)提純3次后放入真空烘箱80 ℃下干燥48 h,待測(cè)試。

      2.2.4核磁共振分析(NMR, 600 MHz)

      1HNMR核磁共振: 稱取樣品3~5 mg溶于0.5 mL CF3COOD中;13CNMR核磁共振: 稱取樣品30~35 mg溶于0.5 mL CF3COOD中,采用反轉(zhuǎn)門控去偶方法,在150.94 MHz下,采樣點(diǎn)數(shù)為20 k,采樣次數(shù)為7000,采樣間隔時(shí)間為6.7 s,譜寬為33 kHz測(cè)試樣品,通過(guò)亞甲基上H和C的化學(xué)位移及其相應(yīng)峰的積分面積計(jì)算無(wú)規(guī)度B值,研究序列結(jié)構(gòu)。采用高斯分峰法分峰,剪紙稱重法測(cè)量峰面積。所用紙張為硫化紙。

      3結(jié)果與討論

      綜上所述,1HNMR和13CNMR計(jì)算結(jié)果表明,共聚物鏈為無(wú)規(guī)共聚物的本質(zhì)。這與文獻(xiàn)所報(bào)道的PEFT共聚酯只有一個(gè)玻璃化轉(zhuǎn)變溫度,為無(wú)規(guī)共聚酯的結(jié)果一致。2,5呋喃二甲酸與對(duì)苯二甲酸在與乙二醇的親核取代反應(yīng)中活性相近。通過(guò)研究PEFT共聚酯的鏈結(jié)構(gòu),為今后PEFT共聚酯的制備及擴(kuò)大化生產(chǎn)提供了理論依據(jù)。

      References

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      黃 梅, 胡耿源, 封麟先. 高分子學(xué)報(bào), 1998, (11): 483-487

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      5CUI Jing, WANG ChaoSheng, WANG HuaPing, CHEN Ying, ZHANG YuMei. Synthetic Fiber in China, 2006, (9): 1-5

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      6Gandini A, Silvester A J D, Neto C P, Sousa A F, Gomes M. J. Polym. Sci. Part A: Polym. Chem., 2009, 47: 295-298

      7Gomes M, Gandini A, Silvester A J D, Reies B. J. Polym. Sci. Part A: Polym. Chem., 2011, 49: 3759-3768

      8Ma J P, Pang Y, Wang M, Xu J, Ma B H, Nie X. J. Mater. Chem., 2012, 22: 3457-3461

      9Sousa A F, Matos M, Freire C S R, Silvestre A J D, Coelho J F. Polymer, 2013, 54, 513-519

      10Jiang M, Liu Q, Zhang Q, Ye C, Zhou G Y. J. Polym. Sci. Part A: Polym. Chem, 2012, 50: 1026-1036

      11LIU Qian, JIANG Min, ZHOU GuangYuan, ZHANG Qiang, YE Chong, AO YuHui. Chinese J. Appl. Chem., 2012, 29(7): 751-756

      劉 茜, 姜 敏, 周光遠(yuǎn), 張 強(qiáng), 葉 沖, 熬玉輝. 應(yīng)用化學(xué), 2012, 29(7): 751-756

      12JIANG Min, LIU Qian, ZHANG Qiang, ZHOU GuangYuan. Acta Polymerica Sinica, 2013, (1): 24-29

      姜 敏, 劉 茜, 張 強(qiáng), 周光遠(yuǎn). 高分子學(xué)報(bào), 2013, (1): 24-29

      13JIANG Min, LU TingTing, JIANG GuoWei, ZHANG Qiang, ZHOU GuangYuan. Acta Polymerica Sinica, 2013, (8): 1073-1079

      姜 敏, 蘆婷婷, 姜國(guó)偉, 張 強(qiáng), 周光遠(yuǎn). 高分子學(xué)報(bào), 2013, (8): 1073-1079

      14Jedlinski Z, Sek D, Dziewiecka B. European Polymer Journal, 1977, 13: 871-874

      AbstractA series of poly(ethylene terephthalateCoethylene 2,5furandicarboxylate) (PEFT) copolyesters were synthesized with different terephthalic acid (PTA) /2,5furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) molar ratios by direct esterification method. In order to investigate their chain structures, 1HNMR and 13CNMR spectra of these copolyesters were recorded. The average length (L), the degree of randomness (B) and composition of copolyesters were calculated from the intensities of four kinds of signals, which corresponding to the chemical shifts of hydrogen and carbon atoms in ethylene glycol unit in PEFT copolyesters chains. It was shown that the degree of randomness B of all purified copolyesters reached to 1 by the formula of Yamadera and Murano, which indicated that they were random copolymers. Comparatively, the PEFblockPET of B value was 0.577, and the PEFblendPET of B value was 0. It was also consistent with the previous results of differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) that each of the PEFT copolyesters had only one glass transition temperature and the copolyesters were random copolymers. The randomness B of PEFT50 was the greatest of all, the value was 1.012 based on the result of 1HNMR, and the value was 1.028 based on the result of 13CNMR. Furthermore, the results above displayed that the activity of 2,5furandicarboxylic acid and terephthalic acid was similar in this nucleophilic substation reaction with ethylene glycol.

      KeywordsCopolyesters; Terephthalic acid; 2,5Furandicarboxylic acid; Sequence structure

      6Gandini A, Silvester A J D, Neto C P, Sousa A F, Gomes M. J. Polym. Sci. Part A: Polym. Chem., 2009, 47: 295-298

      7Gomes M, Gandini A, Silvester A J D, Reies B. J. Polym. Sci. Part A: Polym. Chem., 2011, 49: 3759-3768

      8Ma J P, Pang Y, Wang M, Xu J, Ma B H, Nie X. J. Mater. Chem., 2012, 22: 3457-3461

      9Sousa A F, Matos M, Freire C S R, Silvestre A J D, Coelho J F. Polymer, 2013, 54, 513-519

      10Jiang M, Liu Q, Zhang Q, Ye C, Zhou G Y. J. Polym. Sci. Part A: Polym. Chem, 2012, 50: 1026-1036

      11LIU Qian, JIANG Min, ZHOU GuangYuan, ZHANG Qiang, YE Chong, AO YuHui. Chinese J. Appl. Chem., 2012, 29(7): 751-756

      劉 茜, 姜 敏, 周光遠(yuǎn), 張 強(qiáng), 葉 沖, 熬玉輝. 應(yīng)用化學(xué), 2012, 29(7): 751-756

      12JIANG Min, LIU Qian, ZHANG Qiang, ZHOU GuangYuan. Acta Polymerica Sinica, 2013, (1): 24-29

      姜 敏, 劉 茜, 張 強(qiáng), 周光遠(yuǎn). 高分子學(xué)報(bào), 2013, (1): 24-29

      13JIANG Min, LU TingTing, JIANG GuoWei, ZHANG Qiang, ZHOU GuangYuan. Acta Polymerica Sinica, 2013, (8): 1073-1079

      姜 敏, 蘆婷婷, 姜國(guó)偉, 張 強(qiáng), 周光遠(yuǎn). 高分子學(xué)報(bào), 2013, (8): 1073-1079

      14Jedlinski Z, Sek D, Dziewiecka B. European Polymer Journal, 1977, 13: 871-874

      AbstractA series of poly(ethylene terephthalateCoethylene 2,5furandicarboxylate) (PEFT) copolyesters were synthesized with different terephthalic acid (PTA) /2,5furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) molar ratios by direct esterification method. In order to investigate their chain structures, 1HNMR and 13CNMR spectra of these copolyesters were recorded. The average length (L), the degree of randomness (B) and composition of copolyesters were calculated from the intensities of four kinds of signals, which corresponding to the chemical shifts of hydrogen and carbon atoms in ethylene glycol unit in PEFT copolyesters chains. It was shown that the degree of randomness B of all purified copolyesters reached to 1 by the formula of Yamadera and Murano, which indicated that they were random copolymers. Comparatively, the PEFblockPET of B value was 0.577, and the PEFblendPET of B value was 0. It was also consistent with the previous results of differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) that each of the PEFT copolyesters had only one glass transition temperature and the copolyesters were random copolymers. The randomness B of PEFT50 was the greatest of all, the value was 1.012 based on the result of 1HNMR, and the value was 1.028 based on the result of 13CNMR. Furthermore, the results above displayed that the activity of 2,5furandicarboxylic acid and terephthalic acid was similar in this nucleophilic substation reaction with ethylene glycol.

      KeywordsCopolyesters; Terephthalic acid; 2,5Furandicarboxylic acid; Sequence structure

      6Gandini A, Silvester A J D, Neto C P, Sousa A F, Gomes M. J. Polym. Sci. Part A: Polym. Chem., 2009, 47: 295-298

      7Gomes M, Gandini A, Silvester A J D, Reies B. J. Polym. Sci. Part A: Polym. Chem., 2011, 49: 3759-3768

      8Ma J P, Pang Y, Wang M, Xu J, Ma B H, Nie X. J. Mater. Chem., 2012, 22: 3457-3461

      9Sousa A F, Matos M, Freire C S R, Silvestre A J D, Coelho J F. Polymer, 2013, 54, 513-519

      10Jiang M, Liu Q, Zhang Q, Ye C, Zhou G Y. J. Polym. Sci. Part A: Polym. Chem, 2012, 50: 1026-1036

      11LIU Qian, JIANG Min, ZHOU GuangYuan, ZHANG Qiang, YE Chong, AO YuHui. Chinese J. Appl. Chem., 2012, 29(7): 751-756

      劉 茜, 姜 敏, 周光遠(yuǎn), 張 強(qiáng), 葉 沖, 熬玉輝. 應(yīng)用化學(xué), 2012, 29(7): 751-756

      12JIANG Min, LIU Qian, ZHANG Qiang, ZHOU GuangYuan. Acta Polymerica Sinica, 2013, (1): 24-29

      姜 敏, 劉 茜, 張 強(qiáng), 周光遠(yuǎn). 高分子學(xué)報(bào), 2013, (1): 24-29

      13JIANG Min, LU TingTing, JIANG GuoWei, ZHANG Qiang, ZHOU GuangYuan. Acta Polymerica Sinica, 2013, (8): 1073-1079

      姜 敏, 蘆婷婷, 姜國(guó)偉, 張 強(qiáng), 周光遠(yuǎn). 高分子學(xué)報(bào), 2013, (8): 1073-1079

      14Jedlinski Z, Sek D, Dziewiecka B. European Polymer Journal, 1977, 13: 871-874

      AbstractA series of poly(ethylene terephthalateCoethylene 2,5furandicarboxylate) (PEFT) copolyesters were synthesized with different terephthalic acid (PTA) /2,5furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) molar ratios by direct esterification method. In order to investigate their chain structures, 1HNMR and 13CNMR spectra of these copolyesters were recorded. The average length (L), the degree of randomness (B) and composition of copolyesters were calculated from the intensities of four kinds of signals, which corresponding to the chemical shifts of hydrogen and carbon atoms in ethylene glycol unit in PEFT copolyesters chains. It was shown that the degree of randomness B of all purified copolyesters reached to 1 by the formula of Yamadera and Murano, which indicated that they were random copolymers. Comparatively, the PEFblockPET of B value was 0.577, and the PEFblendPET of B value was 0. It was also consistent with the previous results of differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) that each of the PEFT copolyesters had only one glass transition temperature and the copolyesters were random copolymers. The randomness B of PEFT50 was the greatest of all, the value was 1.012 based on the result of 1HNMR, and the value was 1.028 based on the result of 13CNMR. Furthermore, the results above displayed that the activity of 2,5furandicarboxylic acid and terephthalic acid was similar in this nucleophilic substation reaction with ethylene glycol.

      KeywordsCopolyesters; Terephthalic acid; 2,5Furandicarboxylic acid; Sequence structure

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