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      測(cè)定土壤中三硝基酚類(lèi)物質(zhì)

      2014-09-02 21:20:32劉玉等
      分析化學(xué) 2014年8期
      關(guān)鍵詞:酚類(lèi)硝基吸附劑

      劉玉等

      摘要建立了超高效液相色譜串聯(lián)質(zhì)譜(UPLCMS/MS)同時(shí)測(cè)定3種三硝基酚類(lèi)殘留量的方法。樣品經(jīng)改進(jìn)的QuEChERS(快速、簡(jiǎn)單、廉價(jià)、高效、靈活和安全)前處理方法一步完成提取凈化,經(jīng)添加1%甲酸的乙腈提取,C18和石墨化炭黑(GCB)吸附劑填料凈化,提取液經(jīng)離心后直接過(guò)膜上機(jī)檢測(cè),提取和凈化的效果能夠滿(mǎn)足檢測(cè)要求。UPLCMS/MS方法采用Accucore PFP 色譜柱(150 mm× 2.1 mm,2.6 μm),柱溫30 ℃,流動(dòng)相為乙腈和乙酸銨緩沖鹽,梯度洗脫,流速0.3 mL/min,電噴霧電離源負(fù)離子模式(ESI

      Symbolm@@ )、多反應(yīng)監(jiān)測(cè)(MRM)模式檢測(cè),外標(biāo)法定量。2,4,6三硝基苯酚、2,4,6三硝基間苯二酚和2,4,6三硝基均苯三酚3種三硝基酚類(lèi)物質(zhì)在0.005~5.0 mg/L范圍內(nèi)線(xiàn)性關(guān)系良好,相關(guān)系數(shù)為0.9942~0.9962。在0.01,0.1和1.0 mg/kg水平下的平均加標(biāo)回收率為79.3%~94.8%; 相對(duì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)偏差為3.1%~6.6%; 方法的檢出限(S/N=3)為0.002~0.005 mg/kg。本方法簡(jiǎn)單、快速、靈敏、準(zhǔn)確,滿(mǎn)足環(huán)境污染檢測(cè)的要求。

      關(guān)鍵詞超高效液相色譜串聯(lián)質(zhì)譜法; 2,4,6三硝基苯酚; 2,4,6三硝基間苯二酚; 2,4,6三硝基均苯三酚; QuEChERS方法; 土壤

      1引言

      隨著工業(yè)發(fā)展,三硝基酚類(lèi)物質(zhì)由于其特殊的結(jié)構(gòu),被廣泛用于含能材料、醫(yī)藥、農(nóng)藥、染料以及橡膠工業(yè)生產(chǎn)中\[1,2\]。三硝基酚類(lèi)主要有2,4,6三硝基苯酚(俗稱(chēng)苦味酸,TNP)、2,4,6三硝基間苯二酚(俗稱(chēng)斯蒂芬酸,TNR)、2,4,6三硝基均苯三酚(TNPG)。由于三硝基酚類(lèi)物質(zhì)生產(chǎn)和使用過(guò)程會(huì)流失到土壤和周?chē)h(huán)境中,能持久存在于土壤環(huán)境中,破壞土壤結(jié)構(gòu),阻礙或抑制土壤微生物和植物的生命活動(dòng);同時(shí)由于其具有較強(qiáng)的水溶性,可以通過(guò)滲透和降水的淋洗作用污染地表水體系,導(dǎo)致病變,危害人類(lèi)健康。因此,三硝基酚類(lèi)對(duì)環(huán)境和人類(lèi)健康造成的危害將備受關(guān)注。

      目前對(duì)于三硝基酚類(lèi)物質(zhì)的環(huán)境控制研究多集中在降解菌種的培養(yǎng)、降解反應(yīng)器的研制等污染降解處理方面\[3~7\],在水質(zhì)、土壤的污染監(jiān)控檢測(cè)方面卻相對(duì)滯后,且多采用分光光度法對(duì)三硝基酚類(lèi)總量進(jìn)行檢測(cè)\[8\]。目前,檢測(cè)硝基酚類(lèi)的方法主要有分光光度法\[9\]、氣相色譜法\[10\]、液相色譜法\[11,12\]、氣相色譜質(zhì)譜聯(lián)用法\[13\],這些相關(guān)的方法都只涉及部分硝基酚類(lèi),對(duì)于三硝基酚類(lèi)特殊的強(qiáng)極性、熱不穩(wěn)定的化學(xué)性質(zhì)所適合的檢測(cè)方法研究較少。

      目前,較常用的前處理方法有固相提取(SPE)\[14~17\]、加速溶劑提取(ASE)\[18~20\]、微波輔助提取(MAE)\[21~23\]和超聲波輔助提?。║SE)\[24~26\]等,這些方法取代了傳統(tǒng)的耗費(fèi)大量時(shí)間和溶劑的普通液液提取,但是通常需要后續(xù)的較繁瑣的操作步驟,甚至要求特殊的設(shè)備或者特殊的高溫等環(huán)境下進(jìn)行,而最初應(yīng)用于農(nóng)藥殘留檢測(cè)的QuEChERS(Quick, Eesy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe)方法\[27,28\]是一種快速、簡(jiǎn)單、高效的樣品前處理方法,在食品和生物安全領(lǐng)域得到了廣泛應(yīng)用,但在凈化土壤、檢測(cè)硝基酚類(lèi)應(yīng)用少見(jiàn)報(bào)道。本研究將超高效液相色譜質(zhì)譜聯(lián)用法(UPLCMS/MS)應(yīng)用于三硝基酚類(lèi)多殘留痕量快速分析,克服了目標(biāo)化合物強(qiáng)極性、易分解、難以檢測(cè)分離所帶來(lái)的弊端,具有靈敏度高、確證性強(qiáng)、抗干擾能力強(qiáng)等優(yōu)勢(shì),將改進(jìn)的QuEChERS方法應(yīng)用于土壤樣品前處理,考察了不同吸附劑的凈化效果,同時(shí)簡(jiǎn)化了前處理步驟,提取液直接進(jìn)行UPLCMS/MS分析,可實(shí)現(xiàn)土壤中3種三硝基酚類(lèi)物質(zhì)的同時(shí)定性與定量檢測(cè)。

      2實(shí)驗(yàn)部分

      2.1儀器與試劑

      AcquityTM超高效液相色譜儀(UPLC), Quattro PremierTMXE三重四級(jí)桿質(zhì)譜儀(Waters 公司); AllegraTM X22R型離心機(jī)(Beckman公司); Sk8200LH超聲波清洗器(上??茖?dǎo)公司); MilliQA10超純水機(jī); IKAMS3漩渦混合器; 0.22 μm有機(jī)過(guò)濾膜(Waters公司)

      3種三硝基酚類(lèi)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)品分別為2,4,6三硝基苯酚(TNP)、2,4,6三硝基間苯二酚(TNR)和2,4,6三硝基均苯三酚(TNPG), 均購(gòu)自德國(guó)Dr. Ehrenstorfer GH公司(純度>98%); 吸附劑填料N丙基乙二胺(PSA)、石墨化碳黑(GCB)、C18(Agela公司); 乙腈(色譜純,德國(guó)Merck公司); MgSO4、乙酸銨(分析純); 實(shí)驗(yàn)用水為超純水。

      2.2標(biāo)準(zhǔn)品制備

      用乙腈將標(biāo)準(zhǔn)品配制成濃度為100 mg/L的單標(biāo)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)儲(chǔ)備液,再將單標(biāo)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)儲(chǔ)備液稀釋配制成混合標(biāo)準(zhǔn)儲(chǔ)備液,實(shí)驗(yàn)時(shí)以初始流動(dòng)相將混合標(biāo)準(zhǔn)儲(chǔ)備液配制成不同濃度的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)工作液。

      2.3QuEChERS一步提取凈化前處理方法

      準(zhǔn)確稱(chēng)取1.00g土壤樣品,置于15 mL塑料離心管中,加入0.5 mL水浸潤(rùn)20 min,加入5 mL 1%甲酸的乙腈,渦旋提取2 min,離心后,取上清液, 加入1.0 g無(wú)水MgSO4、1.0 g NaCl,渦旋20 s后,離心取上清液,加入吸附劑,渦旋2 min,以10000 r/min高速離心3 min,取上清液, 過(guò)0.22 μm濾膜, 上機(jī)檢測(cè)。

      3結(jié)果與討論

      3.1色譜條件的選擇

      本實(shí)驗(yàn)選擇乙腈乙酸銨為流動(dòng)相,采用梯度洗脫,通過(guò)實(shí)驗(yàn)證實(shí),一方面乙腈比甲醇洗脫能力強(qiáng),各組分的分析時(shí)間明顯縮短,各色譜峰相對(duì)對(duì)稱(chēng);另一方面,選擇乙酸銨緩沖體系對(duì)于三硝基酚類(lèi)不但分離效果最好,而且沖洗色譜柱比較便利,同時(shí)乙酸銨體系在液相色譜質(zhì)譜中也很有優(yōu)勢(shì)。選擇優(yōu)化的最佳色譜條件,在5 min內(nèi)完成了3種三硝基酚的分離檢測(cè),分離度好,峰形對(duì)稱(chēng)尖銳,無(wú)明顯拖尾,具體土壤基質(zhì)的總離子流圖見(jiàn)圖1。

      Symbolm@@ 模式下,對(duì)3種三硝基酚物質(zhì)的質(zhì)譜條件進(jìn)行了優(yōu)化, 分別采用全掃描和子離子掃描方式優(yōu)化得到了母離子、子離子及各自的最佳錐孔電壓和碰撞能量,以響應(yīng)值最大的碎片離子為定量離子,次級(jí)響應(yīng)離子為定性離子。圖2為MRM模式下3種三硝基酚類(lèi)的定量離子對(duì)的單通道掃描質(zhì)譜圖。

      3種硝基酚的檢測(cè)采用負(fù)離子模式,分別選擇其[M-H]

      Symbolm@@ 作為母離子,進(jìn)行二級(jí)質(zhì)譜裂解分析,在15~40 eV區(qū)間內(nèi), 不斷增加二級(jí)碰撞能量,子離子碎片逐漸增多。

      通過(guò)質(zhì)譜裂解研究發(fā)現(xiàn),2,4,6三硝基苯酚準(zhǔn)分子離子峰m/z 228.1 在二級(jí)碰撞裂解下,分別失去一個(gè)NO2、兩個(gè)NO2,生成子離子m/z 182.1和136.1,且m/z 136.1響應(yīng)值較大,選擇為定量離子。2,4,6三硝基間苯二酚準(zhǔn)分子離子峰m/z 244.1,在二級(jí)碰撞裂解下,生成子離子m/z 198.1和181.1,分別代表失去NO2,失去NO2和OH,但m/z 181離子峰極不穩(wěn)定,繼續(xù)裂解為小分子離子峰,所以選擇m/z 198.1為定量離子。2,4,6三硝基均苯三酚準(zhǔn)分子離子峰m/z 266.1 在二級(jí)碰撞裂解下,失去一個(gè)NO2,生成子離子m/z 227.1;苯環(huán)上失去硝基和羥基后,再失去CNO2,發(fā)生重排, 形成,生成m/z 95.1離子,但兩離子峰相比較,m/z 227.1響應(yīng)值、質(zhì)量數(shù)均較大,選擇為定量離子。通過(guò)對(duì)離子對(duì)的選擇和相應(yīng)電壓的確定,得到了最優(yōu)質(zhì)譜條件(表2)。

      3.3QuEChERS前處理步驟的簡(jiǎn)化

      土壤樣品因地區(qū)差異,性質(zhì)差別較大,因此本研究選擇添加1%甲酸的乙腈為提取劑,以增加3種酸性目標(biāo)物在乙腈中的提取率和穩(wěn)定性,并采用無(wú)緩沖溶液的QuEChERS方法,進(jìn)行液相色譜質(zhì)譜聯(lián)用分析。土壤樣品經(jīng)提取、凈化,取上清液過(guò)膜待測(cè)。方法簡(jiǎn)便、操作誤差小,適合日常檢驗(yàn)。

      3.4吸附劑的選擇

      吸附劑作用于提取液中,既須盡可能地吸附雜質(zhì);又要最大限度地保留目標(biāo)物,保證較高的回收率。吸附劑對(duì)雜質(zhì)的吸附、凈化很大程度上有利于降低基質(zhì)效應(yīng),從而減少對(duì)ESI電離源質(zhì)譜中響應(yīng)值的干擾。吸附劑的選擇取決于樣品提取物中的脂肪、蛋白、色素等大分子有機(jī)物或者雜質(zhì)等的含量。

      土壤樣品中存在脂肪、動(dòng)植物殘留、色素等雜質(zhì),為選擇合適的吸附劑,采用2.3節(jié)的操作方法,選擇加入濃度均為25 mg/mL的3種吸附劑C18, GCBC18和PSAC18,分別考察了回收率和凈化效果。 結(jié)果表明, GCBC18吸附劑對(duì)幾種目標(biāo)物的回收率最高;且由圖2可知,處理后的土壤基質(zhì)背景值低,分離度和峰形均較好,說(shuō)明該組合吸附劑同時(shí)對(duì)脂肪、蛋白和植物片狀結(jié)構(gòu)色素等雜質(zhì)的凈化效果較好,因此選擇GCBC18作為吸附劑。

      采用經(jīng)過(guò)改進(jìn)的QuEChERS前處理方法處理土壤樣品并檢測(cè),結(jié)果表明,0.1 mg/L的3種硝基酚的基質(zhì)效應(yīng)分別為3.9%,4.1%和3.8%, 1 mg/L的3種硝基酚的基質(zhì)效應(yīng)分別為4.7%,2.0%和3.2%,均小于10%,基質(zhì)效應(yīng)對(duì)定量分析的影響較小,可以忽略,這進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明改進(jìn)的前處理方法凈化效果好,可以避免使用基質(zhì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)曲線(xiàn),定量方法更簡(jiǎn)便。

      3.8實(shí)際樣品測(cè)定

      為了驗(yàn)證方法的實(shí)用性,選擇采集幾個(gè)土壤樣品,包括農(nóng)田、化學(xué)工業(yè)區(qū)、某合成區(qū)域附近3個(gè)不同地區(qū),同時(shí)將不同土壤基質(zhì)添加50 μg/kg濃度的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)物質(zhì)作對(duì)照,采用本方法進(jìn)行檢測(cè)分析,結(jié)果見(jiàn)表4。被測(cè)的農(nóng)田、化學(xué)工業(yè)區(qū)土壤樣品未檢出目標(biāo)化合物,而某合成區(qū)域附近土壤含有一定濃度的2,4,6三硝基間苯二酚。同時(shí),也充分證實(shí)本方法符合能夠滿(mǎn)足三硝基酚類(lèi)快速檢測(cè)和確證分析。

      4結(jié)論

      建立了土壤中2,4,6三硝基苯酚、2,4,6三硝基間苯二酚和2,4,6三硝基均苯三酚3種三硝基酚的QuEChERSUPLCMS/MS分析檢測(cè)方法。采用改進(jìn)的QuEChERS一步提取凈化的前處理方法處理土壤樣品,未使用緩沖溶液,考察了不同吸附劑的凈化效果,同時(shí)簡(jiǎn)化了前處理的步驟,本方法可以作為土壤樣品中三硝基酚類(lèi)多殘留痕量檢測(cè)及常規(guī)檢測(cè)方法,也可以為土壤及其它沉積物治理、修復(fù)工作研究提供方法依據(jù)。

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      24Burdel M, andrejov J, Balogh I S. Chem. Commun (Camb)., 2012, 48(41): 5007-5009

      25Li S, Li T, Gao P. J. Chromatogr. Sci., 2013, 51(9): 233-236

      26MorenoGonzlez D, HuertasPérez J F, GarcíaCamtnpa A M. J. Chromatogr. A, 2013, 58(8)1315-1317

      27Luzardo O P, RuizSurez N, AlmeidaGonzlez M. Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 2013, 405(29): 9523-9536

      28Lega F, Contiero L, Biancotto G. Food Addit. Contam. Part A, 2013, 30(6): 949-957

      29YAO MengKan, MA BingLiang, MA YueMing. Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis, 2010, 12(5): 2436-2440

      姚夢(mèng)侃, 馬秉亮, 馬越鳴. 藥物分析雜志, 2010, 12(5): 2436-2440

      AbstractA simple, rapid sensitive and accurate ultra performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometric (UPLCMS/MS) method was developed for the simultaneous determination of 2,4,6trinitrophenol, trinitroresorcinate, trinitrophloroglucinol residues in soil. The sample was pretreated by using the modified QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rigged, and safe) method that completed the extraction and cleanup steps in one procedure. In this none buffer QuEChERS method, samples were extracted with 1% formic acid + acetonitrile, cleaned up with primary graphitized carbon black (GCB) and C18 sorbent, then centrifuged and filtrated before detection. The pretreatment method was simple, rapid and effective and can meet the detection requirements. The UPLCMS/MS method was performed on Waters Accucore PFP (150 mm× 2.1 mm, 2.6 μm) and the column temperature was 30 ℃, the gradient elution with acetonitrile and ammonium acetate as the mobile phase and the flow rate was 0.3 mL/min. The negative electrospray ionization (ESI

      Symbolm@@ ) source under the multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode and external standard method were used for quantification. The results showed that the correlation coefficients up to 0.9942 were obtained across a concentration range of 0.005-5.0 mg/L. The limits of detection (LOD) ranged from 0.002 to 0.005 mg/kg (S/N=3). The method was validated with soil samples spiked at three fortification levels (0.01, 0.1 and 1 mg/kg) and recoveries were in the range of 79.3%-94.8% with relative standard deviations (RSD) of 3.1%-6.6%.

      KeywordsUltra performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrery; 2,4,6Trinitrophenol; 2,4,6Trinitroresorcinate; 2,4,6Trinitrophloroglucinol; QuEChERS method; Soil

      武 杰, 曹 磊, 李英明. 色譜, 2004, 22(5): 562

      11Hu C,Chen B, He M. J. Chromatogr. A, 2013, 1300: 165-172

      12Elbarbry F, Wilby K, Alcorn J. J. Chromatogr. B, 2006, 834(2): 199-203

      13PdillaSnchez J A, PlazaBolaos P, RomeroGonzlez R, BaracoBoniua N, MartínezVidal J L, GarridoFrenich A. Talanta, 2011, 85(5): 2397-2404

      14Zhu S, Niu W, Li H. Talanta, 2009, 79(5): 1441-1445

      15Allen D, Bui A D, Cain N. Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 2013, 405(30): 9869-9877

      16Liu X, Yang T, Hu J. J. Chromatogr. Sci., 2013, 51(1): 87-91

      17Gineys N, Giroud B, Vulliet E. Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 2010, 397(6): 2295-2302

      18WU Gang, DONG SuoZhuai, PAN LuLu. Chinese Journal of Chromatography, 2013, 31(7): 697-702

      吳 剛, 董鎖拽, 潘璐璐. 色譜, 2013, 31(7): 697-702

      19Ge X, Wu X, Liang S. J. Chromatogr. Sci., 2013, 51(11): 233-236

      20XU DunMing, LU ShengYu, CHEN DaJie. Chinese Journal of Chromatography, 2013, 31(3): 218-222

      徐敦明, 盧聲宇, 陳達(dá)捷. 色譜, 2013, 31(3): 218-222

      21Prakash Maran J, Sivakumar V, Sridhar R. Carbohydr. Polym., 2013, 97(2): 703-709

      22Al Bittar S, PérinoIssartier S, Dangles O. Food Chem., 2013, 141(3): 3268-3272

      23Samavati V. Int. J. Biol. Macromol., 2013, 61: 142-149

      24Burdel M, andrejov J, Balogh I S. Chem. Commun (Camb)., 2012, 48(41): 5007-5009

      25Li S, Li T, Gao P. J. Chromatogr. Sci., 2013, 51(9): 233-236

      26MorenoGonzlez D, HuertasPérez J F, GarcíaCamtnpa A M. J. Chromatogr. A, 2013, 58(8)1315-1317

      27Luzardo O P, RuizSurez N, AlmeidaGonzlez M. Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 2013, 405(29): 9523-9536

      28Lega F, Contiero L, Biancotto G. Food Addit. Contam. Part A, 2013, 30(6): 949-957

      29YAO MengKan, MA BingLiang, MA YueMing. Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis, 2010, 12(5): 2436-2440

      姚夢(mèng)侃, 馬秉亮, 馬越鳴. 藥物分析雜志, 2010, 12(5): 2436-2440

      AbstractA simple, rapid sensitive and accurate ultra performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometric (UPLCMS/MS) method was developed for the simultaneous determination of 2,4,6trinitrophenol, trinitroresorcinate, trinitrophloroglucinol residues in soil. The sample was pretreated by using the modified QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rigged, and safe) method that completed the extraction and cleanup steps in one procedure. In this none buffer QuEChERS method, samples were extracted with 1% formic acid + acetonitrile, cleaned up with primary graphitized carbon black (GCB) and C18 sorbent, then centrifuged and filtrated before detection. The pretreatment method was simple, rapid and effective and can meet the detection requirements. The UPLCMS/MS method was performed on Waters Accucore PFP (150 mm× 2.1 mm, 2.6 μm) and the column temperature was 30 ℃, the gradient elution with acetonitrile and ammonium acetate as the mobile phase and the flow rate was 0.3 mL/min. The negative electrospray ionization (ESI

      Symbolm@@ ) source under the multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode and external standard method were used for quantification. The results showed that the correlation coefficients up to 0.9942 were obtained across a concentration range of 0.005-5.0 mg/L. The limits of detection (LOD) ranged from 0.002 to 0.005 mg/kg (S/N=3). The method was validated with soil samples spiked at three fortification levels (0.01, 0.1 and 1 mg/kg) and recoveries were in the range of 79.3%-94.8% with relative standard deviations (RSD) of 3.1%-6.6%.

      KeywordsUltra performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrery; 2,4,6Trinitrophenol; 2,4,6Trinitroresorcinate; 2,4,6Trinitrophloroglucinol; QuEChERS method; Soil

      武 杰, 曹 磊, 李英明. 色譜, 2004, 22(5): 562

      11Hu C,Chen B, He M. J. Chromatogr. A, 2013, 1300: 165-172

      12Elbarbry F, Wilby K, Alcorn J. J. Chromatogr. B, 2006, 834(2): 199-203

      13PdillaSnchez J A, PlazaBolaos P, RomeroGonzlez R, BaracoBoniua N, MartínezVidal J L, GarridoFrenich A. Talanta, 2011, 85(5): 2397-2404

      14Zhu S, Niu W, Li H. Talanta, 2009, 79(5): 1441-1445

      15Allen D, Bui A D, Cain N. Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 2013, 405(30): 9869-9877

      16Liu X, Yang T, Hu J. J. Chromatogr. Sci., 2013, 51(1): 87-91

      17Gineys N, Giroud B, Vulliet E. Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 2010, 397(6): 2295-2302

      18WU Gang, DONG SuoZhuai, PAN LuLu. Chinese Journal of Chromatography, 2013, 31(7): 697-702

      吳 剛, 董鎖拽, 潘璐璐. 色譜, 2013, 31(7): 697-702

      19Ge X, Wu X, Liang S. J. Chromatogr. Sci., 2013, 51(11): 233-236

      20XU DunMing, LU ShengYu, CHEN DaJie. Chinese Journal of Chromatography, 2013, 31(3): 218-222

      徐敦明, 盧聲宇, 陳達(dá)捷. 色譜, 2013, 31(3): 218-222

      21Prakash Maran J, Sivakumar V, Sridhar R. Carbohydr. Polym., 2013, 97(2): 703-709

      22Al Bittar S, PérinoIssartier S, Dangles O. Food Chem., 2013, 141(3): 3268-3272

      23Samavati V. Int. J. Biol. Macromol., 2013, 61: 142-149

      24Burdel M, andrejov J, Balogh I S. Chem. Commun (Camb)., 2012, 48(41): 5007-5009

      25Li S, Li T, Gao P. J. Chromatogr. Sci., 2013, 51(9): 233-236

      26MorenoGonzlez D, HuertasPérez J F, GarcíaCamtnpa A M. J. Chromatogr. A, 2013, 58(8)1315-1317

      27Luzardo O P, RuizSurez N, AlmeidaGonzlez M. Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 2013, 405(29): 9523-9536

      28Lega F, Contiero L, Biancotto G. Food Addit. Contam. Part A, 2013, 30(6): 949-957

      29YAO MengKan, MA BingLiang, MA YueMing. Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis, 2010, 12(5): 2436-2440

      姚夢(mèng)侃, 馬秉亮, 馬越鳴. 藥物分析雜志, 2010, 12(5): 2436-2440

      AbstractA simple, rapid sensitive and accurate ultra performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometric (UPLCMS/MS) method was developed for the simultaneous determination of 2,4,6trinitrophenol, trinitroresorcinate, trinitrophloroglucinol residues in soil. The sample was pretreated by using the modified QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rigged, and safe) method that completed the extraction and cleanup steps in one procedure. In this none buffer QuEChERS method, samples were extracted with 1% formic acid + acetonitrile, cleaned up with primary graphitized carbon black (GCB) and C18 sorbent, then centrifuged and filtrated before detection. The pretreatment method was simple, rapid and effective and can meet the detection requirements. The UPLCMS/MS method was performed on Waters Accucore PFP (150 mm× 2.1 mm, 2.6 μm) and the column temperature was 30 ℃, the gradient elution with acetonitrile and ammonium acetate as the mobile phase and the flow rate was 0.3 mL/min. The negative electrospray ionization (ESI

      Symbolm@@ ) source under the multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode and external standard method were used for quantification. The results showed that the correlation coefficients up to 0.9942 were obtained across a concentration range of 0.005-5.0 mg/L. The limits of detection (LOD) ranged from 0.002 to 0.005 mg/kg (S/N=3). The method was validated with soil samples spiked at three fortification levels (0.01, 0.1 and 1 mg/kg) and recoveries were in the range of 79.3%-94.8% with relative standard deviations (RSD) of 3.1%-6.6%.

      KeywordsUltra performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrery; 2,4,6Trinitrophenol; 2,4,6Trinitroresorcinate; 2,4,6Trinitrophloroglucinol; QuEChERS method; Soil

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