張儀
1978年3月,為了打擊藝術(shù)領(lǐng)域的偷盜和造假行為,紐約哈帕克的FBI辦公室開(kāi)展了一場(chǎng)代號(hào)為“Abscam”的釣魚執(zhí)法行動(dòng)。為了讓這次行動(dòng)更加專業(yè)和天衣無(wú)縫,F(xiàn)BI找了一個(gè)已被定罪的騙子Melvin Weinberg幫助設(shè)局,條件是只要大功告成,F(xiàn)BI可同意其獲得假釋。但出乎所有人意料的是,這次原本只是針對(duì)商業(yè)投機(jī)行為的行動(dòng)最后演變成了一場(chǎng)政治領(lǐng)域的反腐風(fēng)暴;本想釣幾條小魚就收網(wǎng)的案子最后竟釣出一群“大鱷”。在這次行動(dòng)中,共有三十多名政界人士遭到調(diào)查,最終七名國(guó)會(huì)議員、一名新澤西州議員、數(shù)名費(fèi)城市議員、一名市長(zhǎng)和一名移民局官員被定罪。以此案為背景,導(dǎo)演大衛(wèi)·拉塞爾(David Russell)于2013年拍攝了電影《美國(guó)騙局》(American Hustle),再現(xiàn)了三十多年前的驚天大案。
騙子
登場(chǎng)
和“Abscam行動(dòng)”的故事原型一樣,影片《美國(guó)騙局》中FBI也利用了真正的騙子來(lái)設(shè)計(jì)釣魚騙局。既然騙子在這場(chǎng)騙局中有著如此重要的戲份,他們的出場(chǎng)也必然要著重渲染。在男主角Irving Rosenfeld (原型為Melvin Weinberg)的旁白中,他透露了自己的童年和發(fā)家史。
Irving: Did you ever have to find a way to survive, and you knew your choices were bad? I learned how to survive when I was a kid. My father had a glass business. I would rather be on the taking side than the getting-taken side any day of the week, especially after I saw how my father got taken. I mean, seeing that scarred me for life. I took it upon myself to drum up business. I became a different kind of guy than my father. I became a con artist (騙子) for real, from the feet up. I was gonna survive no matter what. I still had the glass business and a few dry cleaning stores also, and I did some art dealing on the side (暗地里); stolen or forged (偽造的) art.
只是因?yàn)椴幌朐傧窀赣H那樣做一個(gè)被人欺負(fù)的小人物,Irving便走上了一條發(fā)家致富的捷徑——行騙江湖,做了一個(gè)名畫騙子。當(dāng)然,只有一個(gè)然,只有一個(gè)男騙子的劇情肯定是單薄和乏味的,于是在朋友家里的一次泳池聚會(huì)上,Irving遇到了女主角Sydney Prosser。
Irving: I mean, she was a very particular person. Like me, she had come from a place where her options were limited. Like me, she learned to survive and reinvent herself. She knew she had to reinvent her life and her identity. And like me, she envisioned a better, elegant future for herself. Like me, she knew you had to have a vision. She came to New York, she envisioned it, and just like that she applied for a job at Cosmopolitan magazine. She was unlike anybody I ever knew. She was smart. She saw through people in situations, and she knew how to live with passion and style. She understood Duke Ellington (艾靈頓公爵,美國(guó)著名作曲家、鋼琴家、爵士樂(lè)隊(duì)首席領(lǐng)班).
四個(gè)“l(fā)ike me”足以說(shuō)明在這個(gè)騙子的江湖里,Irving與Sydney兩人何等惺惺相惜。正所謂“物以類聚,人以群分”,Irving和Sydney來(lái)自不同的地方,卻為了一個(gè)共同的目標(biāo)走到了一起,那就是通過(guò)不勞而獲的手段成為人中龍鳳。有了這個(gè)共同的目標(biāo),又如此心有靈犀,兩人自然而然成為愛(ài)情伴侶和生意伙伴,以倒賣假畫和金融詐騙的方式空手套白狼,并過(guò)上了富足的生活。
有意思的是,雖然Irving和Sydney都是騙子,但他們對(duì)彼此卻顯示了超出江湖規(guī)則的誠(chéng)實(shí)。Irving有一個(gè)家庭,他和一個(gè)帶著小孩的單身女人Rosalyn結(jié)了婚,對(duì)她的孩子視如己出。但I(xiàn)rving對(duì)Rosalyn已經(jīng)沒(méi)有感情,而Rosalyn深知Irving愛(ài)她的孩子,于是借此操縱Irving,暫時(shí)維系了家庭的表面團(tuán)結(jié)。對(duì)此Irving并沒(méi)有隱瞞Sydney,他愿意為了非生子而委曲求全的態(tài)度甚至贏得了Sydney的尊重。從這個(gè)角度來(lái)說(shuō),影片并沒(méi)有打算把兩個(gè)騙子塑造成十惡不赦的惡棍,在他們邪惡的人性里也有極其真誠(chéng)的一面。在導(dǎo)演的鏡頭中,這些本該非黑即白的角色被刻意調(diào)整了正與邪的比重,這也為故事最后戲劇性的結(jié)尾埋下了伏筆。
將計(jì)
就計(jì)
俗話說(shuō),常在河邊走,哪有不濕鞋。雖然Irving和Sydney的騙術(shù)幾近天衣無(wú)縫、爐火純青,但天網(wǎng)恢恢,疏而不漏,這對(duì)騙子搭檔最終被FBI盯上,并在FBI的一次釣魚執(zhí)法中落網(wǎng)。但FBI抓捕這對(duì)江湖騙子的真正用意并非是要將二人繩之以法,匡扶正義。在這次釣魚執(zhí)法行動(dòng)的背后,F(xiàn)BI設(shè)了一個(gè)更大的局,而這個(gè)局的設(shè)計(jì)者就是FBI探員Richie DiMaso。在FBI的審訊室外,Richie向Irving道出了抓捕兩人的真實(shí)用意。
Richie: I see something in you, Irving. I get very excited. I think that we have a lot of potential here. Now, look, I came up with the idea. Its all from me. I want to change things. I want to go after white-collar crime. Irving, youre very skilled, and I want you to teach me, and we can do this. I want four people that do what you do. Fraudulent (欺詐性的) investments, fake certificates of deposit, stolen art, fake art. You get me four people, and youre off the hook.
Irving: Four busts (逮捕), and you leave us alone? We dont have to testify?
Richie: Youre good. Youre done. Anything you want. But if you run, then your lifes over. Youre gonna be hunted, and its gonna be very difficult for Rosalyn and your kid to live in this country.
Richie用最傳統(tǒng)的威逼利誘手段將Irving拉入了他設(shè)計(jì)的妙局:他要利用Irving和Sydney的身份和騙術(shù)使更多的騙子落網(wǎng)。在向Irving介紹他的得意計(jì)劃時(shí),他特別強(qiáng)調(diào)“I came up with the idea. Its all from me”,這也反映出設(shè)計(jì)這個(gè)騙局的關(guān)鍵人物Richie的性格特點(diǎn):年輕氣盛、充滿野心,同時(shí)好大喜功、急功近利。他的性格弱點(diǎn)從辦案一開(kāi)始就暴露得赤裸裸,他甚至都沒(méi)有想過(guò)應(yīng)該如何去掩飾自己的這些致命弱點(diǎn),因?yàn)樗J(rèn)為自己的計(jì)劃已經(jīng)完美得無(wú)懈可擊,并早已在心里設(shè)想了大功告成后加官進(jìn)爵、前呼后擁的盛大場(chǎng)面。但I(xiàn)rving和Sydney能成為“江湖大騙”絕非浪得虛名,當(dāng)Irving向Sydney透露了Richie的計(jì)劃后,Sydney的一席話便突顯了大智若愚和自以為是的巨大差距。
Sydney: Im gonna do these four busts, these four cons, to get us out of this; not just me, but us. And Im gonna get really close with Richie the cop in case we need to use him, if we need another move.
Irving: We dont need another move. We need four busts, then were done.
Sydney: We are gonna need another move. Trust me, and youre gonna be thanking me. The key to people is what they believe and what they want to believe. So I want to believe that we were real. And I want to believe that a man could want me, and Im gonna take all of that heartbreak and all of that sorrow, and I am going to use it, and I am going to make Richie think that I want him and that I like him. And Im gonna be very, very convincing.
有道是姜還是老的辣,Sydney很快找到了她的優(yōu)勢(shì)所在以及Richie的致命弱點(diǎn),并決定將計(jì)就計(jì)、反守為攻。本來(lái)一出由Richie設(shè)計(jì)導(dǎo)演、由Irving和Sydney主演的戲從此在暗中掉了個(gè)兒。
演出
開(kāi)始
Richie雖然有心設(shè)局,卻無(wú)人牽線,這也是他需要Irving和Sydney的地方。也正因?yàn)槿绱?,在這場(chǎng)騙中騙的智斗中,Irving和Sydney從一開(kāi)始就占了先手。Irving請(qǐng)他的朋友假扮要來(lái)美國(guó)投資的阿拉伯酋長(zhǎng),以此為誘餌引出其他騙子。在一座博物館里,Irving和Sydney向Richie介紹了他們的棋局。
Richie: An Arab sheik (酋長(zhǎng))? What do we want an Arab sheik for?
Irving: To set this up, to bust the con artist, we need to make the honeypot to attract the bees. To attract the bees, we need to offer them a wealthy individual who they can take advantage of. Someone special, someone new, someone amazing. And those guys are going to want to sell fake bank CDs (存款單) to that guy. Take the sheiks money, you see?
Sydney: Only they cant get into his money unless they know someone, and that someone is us.
Richie覺(jué)得此計(jì)甚妙,立刻就接受了他們的建議。有意思的是,在一幅倫勃朗的名畫前,Irving和Richie展開(kāi)了一次無(wú)關(guān)主題卻意味深長(zhǎng)的對(duì)話。
Irving: I want to show you something. This Rembrandt here, people come from all over the world to see this.
Richie: Yeah, hes good. Yeah.
Irving: Its a fake.
Richie: What? What are you talking about? Thats impossible.
Irving: People believe what they want to believe. Cause the guy who made this was so good that its real to everybody. Now, whos the master? The painter or the forger?
Richie: Thats a fake?
Irving: Thats the way the world works. Not black-and-white, like you say. Extremely gray.
這段對(duì)話于整個(gè)劇情而言可有可無(wú),但卻是導(dǎo)演刻意安排的點(diǎn)題之處。Irving顯然話里有話,真實(shí)意圖早在弦外。誰(shuí)是真正的大師?原創(chuàng)者還是偽造者?你以為自己是設(shè)局的大師,可知螳螂捕蟬,黃雀在后?你以正義的名義設(shè)局抓人,誰(shuí)給了你判別黑與白、正義與邪惡的終決權(quán)?實(shí)際上Irving已經(jīng)向Richie發(fā)出了一道警告,可惜頭腦簡(jiǎn)單又被功利所迷惑的Richie哪里聽(tīng)得出弦外之音。
Irving三人本想通過(guò)阿拉伯酋長(zhǎng)引出騙子,卻從騙子口中意外得知新澤西州Camden市的市長(zhǎng)Carmine Polito正雄心勃勃地要重振大西洋城卻苦于缺乏資金。于是Richie決定把目光轉(zhuǎn)向更大的目標(biāo)——調(diào)查政府官員的貪腐問(wèn)題,但這一計(jì)劃卻遭到了他的上司Stoddard Thorsen的強(qiáng)烈反對(duì)。在Stroddard看來(lái),Richie的執(zhí)法騙局不能針對(duì)政治人物,更何況Carmine Polito是一個(gè)廣受愛(ài)戴的政治人物。事實(shí)證明,Carmine確實(shí)出身貧寒、清正廉明、一心為公、心懷大眾。但Stoddard的苦心勸說(shuō)并沒(méi)有改變利令智昏的Richie,他認(rèn)為:“With our help, he was about to have his hand in the wrong pocket at the wrong time. And to me, that meant corrupt.”就這樣,一個(gè)正直的市長(zhǎng)即將被糊里糊涂地拉下水。
金蟬
脫殼
在與Carmine Polito的交涉中,Irving與Carmine一見(jiàn)如故,成了好朋友。Carmine信任Irving,對(duì)投資自然也非常歡迎,不過(guò)他們還需要做一件事,那就是通過(guò)賄賂的方式盡快為投資人酋長(zhǎng)取得美國(guó)公民身份。這樣一來(lái),又將有更多官員牽扯進(jìn)這次釣魚行動(dòng)中。另一方面,他們還需要與黑幫合作,給他們1000萬(wàn)美元用于重建大西洋城的賭場(chǎng)。吃著碗里、盯著鍋里的Richie的下一個(gè)目標(biāo),竟然是借機(jī)將黑幫頭目Victor Tellegio和他的整個(gè)團(tuán)伙一網(wǎng)打盡。
事態(tài)的發(fā)展讓Irving深感恐懼,他深知他的好朋友Carmine將被無(wú)辜連累,而向黑幫大佬Tellegio動(dòng)刀將使很多人面臨險(xiǎn)境,他意識(shí)到他必須想辦法讓所有無(wú)辜的人從中脫身。正當(dāng)他苦于無(wú)計(jì)時(shí),一個(gè)與這個(gè)騙局毫無(wú)瓜葛的人起到了意外的作用,那就是Irving的“天才”老婆Rosalyn。在這群聰明絕頂?shù)尿_子當(dāng)中,Rosalyn是一個(gè)頭腦簡(jiǎn)單、行為粗俗、充滿極其不可預(yù)見(jiàn)性的女人,但她并不愚蠢。她雖然愛(ài)著Irving,但也知道她和Irving終不是一路人,她對(duì)Irving和Sydney的關(guān)系心知肚明,只不過(guò)暫時(shí)忍氣吞聲。在一場(chǎng)與黑幫分子的偶遇中,Rosalyn結(jié)識(shí)了黑幫成員Pete Musane。Pete對(duì)Rosalyn大獻(xiàn)殷勤,讓這個(gè)久未識(shí)愛(ài)滋味的女人迅速墜入情網(wǎng)。在一次與Pete幽會(huì)時(shí),這個(gè)口無(wú)遮攔的女人竟然向Pete透露Irving受人指使,這引起了Pete的警覺(jué),也成為整個(gè)案子的轉(zhuǎn)折點(diǎn)。Pete綁架了Irving,以其性命相威脅要他說(shuō)出實(shí)情。在萬(wàn)分恐懼中,Irving竟然急中生智,承諾先匯給Pete的老板Tellegio兩百萬(wàn)美元,打算借此完成自己金蟬脫殼的計(jì)劃。而FBI為了將Tellegio的組織一網(wǎng)打盡,同意拿出兩百萬(wàn)美元。
Irving、Sydney和Richie三人來(lái)到Tellegio的律師Alfonse Simone的辦公室與其交涉,并誘騙Alfonse供出了Tellegio團(tuán)伙多年來(lái)見(jiàn)不得人的犯罪事實(shí)。
Alfonse: If we have to pay somebody off (收買某人), well pay somebody off. If we have to lean on (威逼利誘) somebody, intimidate somebody, well intimidate somebody. Were experienced. This is our business.
Richie: Thats powerful stuff. Thank you.
Alfonse: And Ill tell you something else. At the end of this, well teach you how to skim (為了逃稅而虛報(bào)賭博贏利、收入等) and how to cut it up and make some money on the side, because we invented skimming. Weve been doing it for 30 years.
在偷錄下Alfonse的上述“罪供”后,Richie非常得意,親自打電話把兩百萬(wàn)美元匯了出去,同時(shí)也宣布自己導(dǎo)演的整個(gè)戲劇“完美”收?qǐng)?。他難以掩飾內(nèi)心的狂喜,回到辦公室后就和同事們一起舉杯狂歡,為他未來(lái)不可限量的遠(yuǎn)大前程提前慶祝。然而,當(dāng)Richie后來(lái)帶人再次來(lái)到Alfonse的辦公室準(zhǔn)備抓人時(shí),事情發(fā)生了最為戲劇性的變化:辦公室還是原來(lái)的辦公室,但里面的人已經(jīng)完全換了,Alfonse這個(gè)人根本不存在。到底發(fā)生了什么?
原來(lái)Richie等三人到Tellegio的律師Alfonse辦公室“誘供”這一場(chǎng),不過(guò)是Irving和Sydney合作導(dǎo)演的最后一出戲,Alfonse的扮演者是他們的一位朋友。當(dāng)Richie再次帶人去抓捕Alfonse時(shí),早已沒(méi)有所謂的Alfonse,Richie匯出去的兩百萬(wàn)自然也進(jìn)不了Tellegio的賬戶,而是流進(jìn)了Irving另設(shè)的賬戶里。欺騙Richie并不難,Irving和Sydney早就把Richie玩弄于股掌間。欺騙Richie也不是根本目的,而是為了完成Irving所設(shè)定的最終目標(biāo):終結(jié)這場(chǎng)騙局,讓他的家人、Sydney、Carmine和自己全身而退。
由于Richie最后抓人撲了個(gè)空,兩百萬(wàn)美元不翼而飛,Irving和Sydney被招呼到FBI的辦公室。在三位FBI探員虎視眈眈的注目之下,Irving和Sydney從容完成了最后的謝幕表演。
Irving: Richie, you requested the two million. And you gave Brenda (FBI負(fù)責(zé)電匯的員工) the account number. We didnt do any of that. None of it. How do we know that you dont have the money?
Richie: Listen to me. Listen to me. Were dealing with a very clever individual. Dont let him …
Irving: Richie. Richie. Think about it, all right? You got some big arrests. You got U.S. congressmen. You look good. Youre going to be all over the news. You know what doesnt look good? A story about gross incompetence.
Sydney: You lost two million dollars of taxpayer money because you were confused about the location and the identity of Victor Tellegios attorney? People believe what they want to believe, Richie.
Richie: No, because you conned me. Thats why, because you both fucking con ... You got under me. You did.
Irving: That doesnt sound so good, either, right there. You know, I mean I dont know what youre talking about, but lets just assume you want to go with that story. Really? Thats the story you want to go with, all right? Thats what you want the New York Times to hear? That you got conned by the very con men who you forced to entrap (誘捕) the members of Congress in the first place? Thats what you want to go with? That doesnt sound so good for your whole thing, does it? And how ironic that the ones who were working hardest to get the economy of New Jersey going, those are the ones that you round up (圍捕). And why? Why? Because, what, theyre the easiest to go after? And what about the real bullshit artists? You didnt even come close to the big leagues, those big guys, the money men. Im sorry to tell you, you got none of them.
事到如今,真相已經(jīng)大白。Richie在最后一刻終于如夢(mèng)初醒,在這場(chǎng)自己設(shè)計(jì)的騙局里,自己卻最終成了被愚弄的人。雖然誰(shuí)都知道Irving拿走了兩百萬(wàn),但他們卻沒(méi)有任何證據(jù)。他們甚至無(wú)法向媒體公布事實(shí)的真相,因?yàn)椴粌H要承認(rèn)弄丟了納稅人的兩百萬(wàn)美元,還必須承認(rèn)他們并不光彩的釣魚執(zhí)法行為。而更為丟人的是,他們不得不自揭傷疤,承認(rèn)堂堂的FBI探員最后被騙子愚弄。在這場(chǎng)騙局最后的攤牌中,Irving手上握有所有的籌碼,但Richie手里卻什么都沒(méi)有。而FBI的高層為了要回兩百萬(wàn)并保住自己的烏紗帽和顏面,自然會(huì)丟車保帥,讓Irving和Sydney大搖大擺退場(chǎng)。而Tellegio那幫黑幫分子因?yàn)樽詈蟛](méi)有沾手兩百萬(wàn)美元,也免于法責(zé),與Irving之間的恩怨也就兩清。
弦外
之音
案子雖然結(jié)束了,但故事并沒(méi)有結(jié)束,導(dǎo)演拉塞爾也并不只是想還原故事的經(jīng)緯,而是引發(fā)觀眾更多的思考。英語(yǔ)中常說(shuō)結(jié)果好就一切都好,然而這個(gè)案子的結(jié)果只能說(shuō)是好壞參半。確實(shí),Richie抓了一些貪贓枉法的人,但其中也有類似Carmine這種一心為振興這個(gè)城市而奔走的人,只是在那種大環(huán)境里,百分之百的正當(dāng)手段是行不通的。在這種背景下,如何去區(qū)分好人與壞人,如何在灰色地帶厘清黑與白、是與非就不再是一兩句話能說(shuō)得清楚的事了。人們樂(lè)于當(dāng)?shù)赖屡泄?,但人們的道德評(píng)判也常常出錯(cuò),因?yàn)槲覀兊臉?biāo)準(zhǔn)往往也是模糊的。
就Irving和他的兩個(gè)女人而言,在故事的最后,他們各自修成正果。Rosalyn選擇與黑幫情人Pete在一起,給自己和Sydney一條生路。Sydney成功上位,從此和Irving生活在一起。兩人改邪歸正,做起了正經(jīng)買賣。在整個(gè)騙局中,他們?nèi)烁P(guān)注的不是正義與邪惡,而是生存和生活。正如Irving在影片末尾所說(shuō):“Our conning days were behind us. You can fool yourself for just so long, and then your next reinvention better have your damn feet on the ground. We got a loan from a bank and were able to go gallery-legitimate. The art of survival is a story that never ends.”
《美國(guó)騙局》獲得第86屆奧斯卡金像獎(jiǎng)最佳影片、最佳導(dǎo)演、最佳原創(chuàng)劇本等十個(gè)獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)的提名,但并未獲獎(jiǎng)。在第71屆金球獎(jiǎng)?lì)C獎(jiǎng)典禮上,該片獲得最佳音樂(lè)/喜劇片獎(jiǎng),其中Sydney的扮演者艾米·亞當(dāng)斯(Amy Adams)獲得音樂(lè)/喜劇片最佳女主角獎(jiǎng),Rosalyn的扮演者詹妮弗·勞倫斯(Jennifer Lawrence)也憑在影片中的出色演出獲得最佳女配角獎(jiǎng),可以說(shuō)是實(shí)至名歸。