楊悠悠 王浩 劉佟 楊永壇
1引言
苯并(a)芘(BaP)具有強致癌和致突變作用\[1\]。油脂制品中的苯并(a)芘主要源自不合理的加工方式:如溫度過高的油料焙炒、高溫壓榨等工藝過程均可導致油脂受熱分解,環(huán)化聚合生成苯并(a)芘\[2\]。目前,關于食品中苯并(a)芘較為普遍的檢測方法主要有薄層色譜法\[3\]、高效液相色譜法 (PLC)\[\]、氣相色譜質譜法\[5\]等。提取凈化方法主要有凝膠滲透色譜法\[6\]、液液萃取法\[7\]、固相萃取法\[8\]、層析柱法等\[9\]。本研究采用高效液相色譜熒光檢測法,應用分散式固相萃取技術對油脂制品進行提取凈化,極大簡化了處理步驟,降低了實驗成本和有機試劑排放,實現(xiàn)了油脂制品中苯并(a)芘的快速精確定量。
2實驗部分
2.1儀器與材料UltiMate 3000 PLC(配熒光檢測器,美國hermo公司);S 16R型高速離心機(美國hermo公司);QL902型渦旋混合器(其林貝爾儀器制造有限公司);DCⅡ 型氮吹儀(北京同泰聯(lián)科技發(fā)展有限公司)。正己烷、乙腈、四氫呋喃(色譜純,美國isher公司);苯并(a)芘標準品(純度99.6%±0.5%,美國Sigma公司);中性氧化鋁(分析純,100~300目,00 ℃ 灼燒8 h,天津光復科技發(fā)展有限公司);植物油、動物油、辣椒醬樣品均購于本地超市。
2.2樣品處理方法
取0.2 g油脂樣品,于50 mL離心管中加入吸附劑中性氧化鋁9 g,加入50 μL去離子水,20 mL正己烷,渦旋振蕩1 min。取提取液10 mL于5 ℃ 水浴中氮吹至干,用乙腈四氫呋喃(9∶1, V/V)混合溶劑0.5 mL復溶。再經(jīng)0.5 μm濾膜過濾后,進樣20 μL,用熒光檢測器(LD)進行色譜分析。
2.3液相色譜條件Eclipse XDBC18反相色譜柱(150 mm×.6 mm×5 μm,美國Agilent公司);XDBC18預柱(12.5 mm×.6 mm×5 μm,美國Agilent公司);流速為1.0 mL/min;柱溫25 ℃ ;熒光檢測器激發(fā)波長38 nm、發(fā)射波長06 nm;流動相:乙腈水(88∶12, V/V)。
3結果與討論
3.1中性氧化鋁、水分及萃取劑用量的選擇影響回收率和凈化效果的3個主要因素為:吸附劑中性氧化鋁的用量、影響中性氧化鋁活度的加水量、萃取劑正己烷使用體積。首先對三因素的使用水平進行了初步篩選,對個水平的中性氧化鋁的用量(7、8、9和10 g)、個水平的加水量(5%, 6%, 7%和8%)、個水平的萃取劑用量(16, 18, 20和22 mL)進行正交設計實驗,得到回收率最佳的優(yōu)選條件:中性氧化鋁9 g,去離子水50 μL,正己烷20 mL。
3.2標準曲線的繪制和檢出限標準品用甲苯溶解后,用乙腈四氫呋喃(9∶1, V/V)配成10 mg/L儲備液,分取儲備液再稀釋成0.2,1.0,2.0,5.0和10.0 μg/L,各進樣20 μL測定其峰面積,以峰面積為縱坐標(Y),質量濃度為橫坐標(X),繪制標準曲線,采用外標法定量。苯并(a)芘在0.2~10.0 μg/L范圍內符合線性關系,回歸方程為Y=121770X-699,相關系數(shù)R2=0.9997。進空白樣品,以信噪比S/N=3計,測得方法的最低檢出濃度為1.0 μg/kg。
3.3方法的加標回收率和精密度按照2.2節(jié)的方法對陰性油脂樣品的三水平加標樣 (5.0, 25.0和50.0 μg/kg) 各進行6次分析,加標回收率為81.5%~97.5%,精密度為2.6%~.9%(n=6)。在9 min內可分離植物油加標樣品(加標量25 μg/kg)。
3.實際樣品測定采用本方法對購于市場的2個油脂樣品進行測定。樣品種類包括:菜籽油、葵花籽油、玉米油、花生油、大豆油、芝麻油、橄欖油、動物油、辣椒醬油等,部分陽性結果見表1。
與液液萃取、固相萃取、凝膠滲透色譜等傳統(tǒng)的前處理方法相比,本方法更為簡便快速,高效環(huán)保,成本低廉。“一步式”的樣品前處理過程集成了傳統(tǒng)的吸附劑活化、樣品提取和樣品凈化等樣品處理步驟,整個樣品處理過程僅需10~15 min, 尤其適合批量油脂樣品中苯并(a)芘的檢測。
References
1imko P. J. Chromatogr. B, 2002, 770(1): 3-18
2LU ongMei, ZANG aieng. Culinary Science Journal of Yangzhou University, 2008, 25(2): 0-2
陸紅梅, 章海風. 揚州大學烹飪學報, 2008, 25(2): 0-2
3Determination of Benzo(a) pyrene in oods. National Standards of the People′s Republic of China. GB/5009.272003
食品中苯并(a)芘的測定. 中華人民共和國國家標準. GB/ 5009.272003
Kishikawa N, Wada M, Kuroda N, Akiyama S, Nakashima K. J. Chromatogr. B, 2003, 789(2): 257-26
5Veyrand B, Brosseaud A, Sarcher L, Varlet V, Monteau , Marchand P, Andre , Bizec B L. J. Chromatogr. A, 2007, 119(2): 333-3
6WANG Jianua, GUO Cui, PANG Guoang, ZANG YiBing. Journal of Instrumental Analysis, 2009, 28(3): 267-271
王建華, 郭 翠, 龐國芳, 張藝兵. 分析測試學報, 2009, 28(3): 267-271
7Determination of Benzo\[a\]pyrene in Meat Products igh Performance Liquid Chromatography Method. National Standards of the People′s Republic of China. NY/ 16662008
肉制品中苯并\[a\]芘的測定高效液相色譜法, 中華人民共和國國家標準. NY/ 16662008
8ANG ua, CEN DaZhou, WU Xue, XU Ruieng, ZONG ShiLin, SAO MingWu, WANG an. Journal of Chinese Mass Spectrometry Society, 2010, 31(): 208-213
湯 樺, 陳大舟, 吳 雪, 徐銳鋒, 鐘石林, 邵明武, 王 覃. 質譜學報, 2010, 31(): 208-213
9Animal andVegetable ats and OilsDetermination of Benzo(a)pyreneReverse igh Performance Liquid Chromatography Method. National Standards of the People′s Republic of China. GB/ 225092008
動植物油脂苯并(a)芘的測定反相高效液相色譜法, 中華人民共和國國家標準. GB/ 225092008
AbstractA dispersive solid phase extraction method combined with reversed phase liquid chromatography was investigated for the determination of benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) residues in edible oil and oil products. he developed “onestep” sample preparation method integrated with the adsorbent activation, sample extraction and sample cleaning. Using AlumiaN as the adsorbent, good cleaning effect and high recovery ranging from 81.5%-97.5% was achieved. In addition, coupled with fluorescence detector (LD), high sensitivity was obtained with LOD of 1.0 μg/kg (S/N=3). urthermore, SPSS was used to design orthogonal optimization experiments and establish the optimal condition. Under the optimized condition, the standard calibration curve was linear over the concentration range of 0.5-10.0 μg/L, with the regression efficiency (R2) of 0.9997. he relative standard deviation (RSD) of peak area was between 2.6%-.9%, showing good repeatability and the reliability.
KeywordsBenzo(a)pyrene; igh performance liquid chromatography; Dispersive solid phase extraction; Oil product
王建華, 郭 翠, 龐國芳, 張藝兵. 分析測試學報, 2009, 28(3): 267-271
7Determination of Benzo\[a\]pyrene in Meat Products igh Performance Liquid Chromatography Method. National Standards of the People′s Republic of China. NY/ 16662008
肉制品中苯并\[a\]芘的測定高效液相色譜法, 中華人民共和國國家標準. NY/ 16662008
8ANG ua, CEN DaZhou, WU Xue, XU Ruieng, ZONG ShiLin, SAO MingWu, WANG an. Journal of Chinese Mass Spectrometry Society, 2010, 31(): 208-213
湯 樺, 陳大舟, 吳 雪, 徐銳鋒, 鐘石林, 邵明武, 王 覃. 質譜學報, 2010, 31(): 208-213
9Animal andVegetable ats and OilsDetermination of Benzo(a)pyreneReverse igh Performance Liquid Chromatography Method. National Standards of the People′s Republic of China. GB/ 225092008
動植物油脂苯并(a)芘的測定反相高效液相色譜法, 中華人民共和國國家標準. GB/ 225092008
AbstractA dispersive solid phase extraction method combined with reversed phase liquid chromatography was investigated for the determination of benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) residues in edible oil and oil products. he developed “onestep” sample preparation method integrated with the adsorbent activation, sample extraction and sample cleaning. Using AlumiaN as the adsorbent, good cleaning effect and high recovery ranging from 81.5%-97.5% was achieved. In addition, coupled with fluorescence detector (LD), high sensitivity was obtained with LOD of 1.0 μg/kg (S/N=3). urthermore, SPSS was used to design orthogonal optimization experiments and establish the optimal condition. Under the optimized condition, the standard calibration curve was linear over the concentration range of 0.5-10.0 μg/L, with the regression efficiency (R2) of 0.9997. he relative standard deviation (RSD) of peak area was between 2.6%-.9%, showing good repeatability and the reliability.
KeywordsBenzo(a)pyrene; igh performance liquid chromatography; Dispersive solid phase extraction; Oil product
王建華, 郭 翠, 龐國芳, 張藝兵. 分析測試學報, 2009, 28(3): 267-271
7Determination of Benzo\[a\]pyrene in Meat Products igh Performance Liquid Chromatography Method. National Standards of the People′s Republic of China. NY/ 16662008
肉制品中苯并\[a\]芘的測定高效液相色譜法, 中華人民共和國國家標準. NY/ 16662008
8ANG ua, CEN DaZhou, WU Xue, XU Ruieng, ZONG ShiLin, SAO MingWu, WANG an. Journal of Chinese Mass Spectrometry Society, 2010, 31(): 208-213
湯 樺, 陳大舟, 吳 雪, 徐銳鋒, 鐘石林, 邵明武, 王 覃. 質譜學報, 2010, 31(): 208-213
9Animal andVegetable ats and OilsDetermination of Benzo(a)pyreneReverse igh Performance Liquid Chromatography Method. National Standards of the People′s Republic of China. GB/ 225092008
動植物油脂苯并(a)芘的測定反相高效液相色譜法, 中華人民共和國國家標準. GB/ 225092008
AbstractA dispersive solid phase extraction method combined with reversed phase liquid chromatography was investigated for the determination of benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) residues in edible oil and oil products. he developed “onestep” sample preparation method integrated with the adsorbent activation, sample extraction and sample cleaning. Using AlumiaN as the adsorbent, good cleaning effect and high recovery ranging from 81.5%-97.5% was achieved. In addition, coupled with fluorescence detector (LD), high sensitivity was obtained with LOD of 1.0 μg/kg (S/N=3). urthermore, SPSS was used to design orthogonal optimization experiments and establish the optimal condition. Under the optimized condition, the standard calibration curve was linear over the concentration range of 0.5-10.0 μg/L, with the regression efficiency (R2) of 0.9997. he relative standard deviation (RSD) of peak area was between 2.6%-.9%, showing good repeatability and the reliability.
KeywordsBenzo(a)pyrene; igh performance liquid chromatography; Dispersive solid phase extraction; Oil product