劉亞莉等
[摘要] 目的 研究高脂飲食喂養(yǎng)小鼠內(nèi)臟脂肪和皮下脂肪組織中PAI-1、FOXC2及FOXO1表達(dá)水平,探討不同類(lèi)型肥胖的機(jī)制。 方法 20只小鼠隨機(jī)分為對(duì)照組和高脂組,分別給予正常飲食和高脂飲食喂養(yǎng)12周。測(cè)定血清PAI-1以及附睪周?chē)M織及皮下脂肪中PAI-1、FOXC2及FOXO1 mRNA的表達(dá)水平。 結(jié)果 高脂組小鼠體質(zhì)量、血清PAI-1水平均顯著高于對(duì)照組。組內(nèi)比較小鼠附睪周?chē)窘M織PAI-1、FOXC2mRNA表達(dá)顯著高于皮下脂肪組織;FOXO1mRNA表達(dá)顯著低于于皮下脂肪組織,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。 結(jié)論 正常體重小鼠和肥胖小鼠血清PAI-1水平表達(dá)不同,內(nèi)臟脂肪和皮下脂肪PAI-1、FOXC2及FOXO1表達(dá)也存在差別,這種差別可能是不同類(lèi)型肥胖的機(jī)制之一。
[關(guān)鍵詞] 血漿纖溶酶原激活物抑制物-1;FOXC2;FOXO1
[中圖分類(lèi)號(hào)] R589.2 [文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼] A [文章編號(hào)] 2095-0616(2014)16-26-04
Study of expression of PAI-1, FOXC2 and FOXO1 in adipose tissue of mice with high fat diet
LIU Yali1 YI Jiali2 LIU Jianhui3 NIU Lifeng3
1.Health Inspection Faculty Working Office of Liaoning Medicine Career Academy, Shenyang 110101,China;2.Dean's Office of Liaoning Medicine Career Academy, Shenyang 110101,China;3.Department of Inspection Technology, Liaoning Medicine Career Academy, Shenyang 110101,China
[Abstract] Objective To study the expression level of PAI-1, FOXC2 and FOXO1 in high fat diet of visceral fat and subcutaneous fat tissue,and to investigate the mechanism of different types of obesity. Methods 20 mouse were randomLy divided into control group and high fat group, and given normal diet and high fat diet for 12 weeks. Serum PAI-1,the expression level of PAI-1, FOXC2 and FOXO1 mRNA in epididymal tissue and subcutaneous fat were determined. Results The body weight, serum PAI-1 levels of high fat group were significantly higher than those of the control group. Within the group, PAI-1,F(xiàn)OXC2, mRNA expression of mouse epididymal adipose tissue were significantly higher than those of the subcutaneous adipose tissue, and the expression of FOXO1mRNA of mouse epididymal adipose tissue was significantly lower than that of subcutaneous adipose tissue, with statistical significance difference. Conclusion Expression levels of serum PAI-1 are different between normal weight mice and obese mice,and expression of fat PAI-1, FOXC2and FOXO1 in visceral fat and subcutaneous are also different.This difference may be one of the mechanisms of different types of obesity.
[Key words] Plasminogen activator inhibitor -1; FOXC2; FOXO1
隨著生活方式和飲食習(xí)慣的改變,肥胖已成為全球的常見(jiàn)病,而與肥胖相關(guān)的冠心病、高血壓、2型糖尿病等許多代謝性疾病則成為嚴(yán)重危害人類(lèi)健康的殺手。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)[1]肥胖者脂肪堆積部位的差異強(qiáng)烈影響上述疾病的發(fā)病風(fēng)險(xiǎn),與外周肥胖相比,腹型肥胖(內(nèi)臟肥胖,即內(nèi)臟脂肪過(guò)度堆積)更易造成胰島素抵抗、糖脂代謝紊亂和心血管疾病。因此,關(guān)于不同部位脂肪組織差異性的研究對(duì)于揭示相關(guān)疾病的發(fā)病機(jī)制具有重要作用。血漿纖溶酶原激活物抑制物-1(plasminogen activator inhibitor,PAI-1)是一種由脂肪細(xì)胞合成和分泌的細(xì)胞因子[2],PAI-1水平的升高將直接導(dǎo)致纖溶活性受損,與肥胖、胰島素抵抗、2型糖尿病及心血管疾病密切相關(guān)[3]。近來(lái)發(fā)現(xiàn)的翼狀螺旋叉頭轉(zhuǎn)錄因子家族的叉頭框(Forkhead box)蛋白C2(FOXC2)和叉頭框蛋白O1(FOXO1)在調(diào)控胰島素誘導(dǎo)的PAI-1表達(dá)方面發(fā)揮重要作用,但具體的調(diào)控機(jī)制尚不明確。因此,本研究以肥胖小鼠的內(nèi)臟脂肪和皮下脂肪為研究對(duì)象,研究PAI-1、FOXC2及FOXO1表達(dá)水平,探討不同類(lèi)型肥胖的可能機(jī)制。endprint
1 材料與方法
1.1 主要試劑
Triozol Reagent購(gòu)于美國(guó)Invitrogen Life technologies公司,PAI-1、FOXC2及FOXO1熒光定量PCR試劑盒購(gòu)于寶生物工程(大連)有限公司,引物合成由北京華大基因公司提供。
1.2 實(shí)驗(yàn)動(dòng)物和分組
3 討論
小鼠在連續(xù)高脂飲食喂養(yǎng)后,體重逐漸增加,在第9周,與普通飲食組小鼠比較,有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異(P<0.05),說(shuō)明本實(shí)驗(yàn)高脂飲食喂養(yǎng)可以成功誘導(dǎo)C57BL/6小鼠肥胖。此造模方法與人類(lèi)高脂肪、高蛋白,缺乏運(yùn)動(dòng)導(dǎo)致肥胖的過(guò)程相相似。繼續(xù)喂養(yǎng)4周后取小鼠血清及脂肪組織,本課題的前期研究結(jié)果顯示:高脂飲食誘導(dǎo)肥胖大鼠血清胰島素水平升高,存在高胰島素血癥,胰島素抵抗[5],本實(shí)驗(yàn)中小鼠存在著肥胖和高胰島素血癥。
PAI-1是一種可由脂肪組織合成和分泌的細(xì)胞因子[6],主要滅活組織型纖溶酶原激活物(tissue plasminogen activator,t-PA),作為纖溶活性的中心環(huán)節(jié),PAI-1水平的升高將直接導(dǎo)致纖溶活性受損,與肥胖、胰島素抵抗、2型糖尿病及心血管疾病密切相關(guān)[7]本實(shí)驗(yàn)檢測(cè)肥胖小鼠血清PAI-1水平發(fā)現(xiàn),高脂組PAI-1水平升高,與對(duì)照組比較有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異,肥胖小鼠存在著高胰島素血癥,胰島素可誘導(dǎo)PAI-1表達(dá),與文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道一致。
脂肪組織作為循環(huán)中PAI-1濃度增加的主要來(lái)源,但僅僅是內(nèi)臟型肥胖而非外周肥胖與PAI-1濃度顯著相關(guān),進(jìn)而增加2型糖尿病、心血管疾病的易患性。并且無(wú)論肥胖與否,腹部大網(wǎng)膜脂肪細(xì)胞PAI-1 mRNA表達(dá)水平均高于皮下脂肪細(xì)胞[8],那么PAI-1基因的轉(zhuǎn)錄調(diào)節(jié)在內(nèi)臟脂肪和皮下脂肪中是否有所不同
FOXC2可調(diào)控脂肪細(xì)胞分化,調(diào)節(jié)血脂、體脂及胰島素敏感性,減輕高脂飲食誘導(dǎo)的肥胖和胰島素抵抗[9-11],同時(shí)可能通過(guò)調(diào)控一系列基因表達(dá),最終使產(chǎn)熱增加,參與肥胖的發(fā)生。FOXC2和FOXO1在調(diào)控胰島素誘導(dǎo)的PAI-1表達(dá)方面發(fā)揮重要作用。其調(diào)控過(guò)程可歸納為:胰島素刺激FOXC2的表達(dá),而激活的FOXC2通過(guò)結(jié)合到PAI-1啟動(dòng)子的胰島素反應(yīng)原件(insulin response element,IRE)和鄰近Smad結(jié)合位點(diǎn)的叉頭框結(jié)合原件(foxhead-binding element,F(xiàn)BE)上調(diào)PAI-1表達(dá),在此過(guò)程中可能涉及到TGF-β/Smad信號(hào)途徑[12]。FOXO1則通過(guò)抑制TGF-β/Smad信號(hào)途徑抑制PAI-1表達(dá),但在高胰島素狀態(tài)下,由于PI3K/Akt信號(hào)通路激活使下游的FOXO1磷酸化而失活,使其失去抑制TGF-β誘導(dǎo)的PAI-1表達(dá)[13-14]。另一方面FOXO1可通過(guò)與FOXC2競(jìng)爭(zhēng)IRE來(lái)拮抗FOXC2而調(diào)節(jié)PAI-1啟動(dòng)子。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)PAI-1基因敲除小鼠能抵抗高脂飲食誘導(dǎo)的肥胖,且機(jī)體能量的消耗、胰島素和葡萄糖的敏感性均有所增加[15]。Cederberg等[16]體外實(shí)驗(yàn)表明,用胰島素或TNF來(lái)刺激小鼠脂肪細(xì)胞后,小鼠FOXO2 mRNA水平增高,而生長(zhǎng)激素?zé)o此作用。研究顯示肥胖者血漿PAI-1水平和脂肪細(xì)胞PAI-1 mRNA的表達(dá)均高于非肥胖者。
本實(shí)驗(yàn)通過(guò)檢測(cè)肥胖小鼠不同部位脂肪組織中PAI-1、FOXC2、FOXO1mRNA的表達(dá)水平,探討是否是脂肪細(xì)胞中FOXC2、FOXO1表達(dá)水平的差異影響PAI-1水平的表達(dá)。結(jié)果顯示:肥胖小鼠附睪周?chē)窘M織和皮下脂肪組織FOXC2、FOXO1的表達(dá)均有影響,可使PAI-1、FOXC2 mRNA表達(dá)水平增高,F(xiàn)OXO1mRNA表達(dá)降低,與對(duì)照組比較,均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異。因此,在內(nèi)臟型及外周型肥胖狀態(tài)下,由于內(nèi)臟脂肪和皮下脂肪在FOXC2、FOXO1 mRNA表達(dá)上的差異,或者FOXC2、FOXO1對(duì)PAI-1啟動(dòng)子的相互競(jìng)爭(zhēng)作用,或者兩者對(duì)胰島素反應(yīng)能力的差異,導(dǎo)致內(nèi)臟脂肪和皮下脂肪PAI-1合成和表達(dá)的不同,從而使罹患糖脂代謝紊亂和心血管疾病的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)不同。
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[15] Ma LJ,Mao SL,Taylor KL,et al.Prevention of obesity and insulin resistance in mice lacking plasminogen activator inhibitor 1[J].Diabetes,2004,53(2):336-346.
[16] Cerd erberg A,Gronning LM,Ahren B,et al.FOXC2 is a winged helix gene that counteracts obesity, hypertrig lyceridemia, and diet induced insulin resistance[J].Cell,2001,106(5):563-573.
(收稿日期:2014-05-30)endprint
[7] Serrano R,Barrenetxe J,Orbe J,et al.Tissue-specific PAI-1 gene expression and glycosylation pattern in insulin-resistant old rats[J].Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol,2009,297(5):R1563-R1569.
[8] Lefebvre AM,Laville M,Vega N,et al.Depot-specific differences in adipose tissue gene expression in lean and obese subjects[J].Diabetes,1998,47(1):98-103.
[9] 彭曉韌,鄒大進(jìn).脂肪組織FOXC2表達(dá)水平與肥胖和胰島素抵抗的關(guān)系[J].醫(yī)學(xué)研究生學(xué)報(bào),2008,6:614-618.
[10] 念馨,衛(wèi)俊杰,蘇艷丹,等.內(nèi)臟脂肪組織FOXC2 mRNA表達(dá)水平與2型糖尿病的關(guān)系[J].中國(guó)組織工程研究與臨床康復(fù),2011,15(50):9496-9500.
[11] 彭曉韌.脂肪組織FOXC2蛋白表達(dá)與肥胖和胰島素抵抗的關(guān)系[D].上海:第二軍醫(yī)大學(xué),2013.
[12] Fujita H,Kang M,Eren M,et al.Foxc2 is a common mediator of insulin and transforming growth factor beta signaling to regulate plasminogen activator inhibitor type I gene expression[J].Circ Res,2006, 98(5):626-634.
[13] Jung YA,Lee KM,Kim MK,et al.Forkhead transcription factor FoxO1 inhibits insulin and transforming growth factor-beta-stimulated plasminogen activator inhibitor expression[J].Biochem Biophys Res Commun,2009,386(4):757-761.
[14] 王芳.代謝綜合征相關(guān)基因多態(tài)性的研究進(jìn)展[J].醫(yī)學(xué)綜述,2013,19(7):1267-1269.
[15] Ma LJ,Mao SL,Taylor KL,et al.Prevention of obesity and insulin resistance in mice lacking plasminogen activator inhibitor 1[J].Diabetes,2004,53(2):336-346.
[16] Cerd erberg A,Gronning LM,Ahren B,et al.FOXC2 is a winged helix gene that counteracts obesity, hypertrig lyceridemia, and diet induced insulin resistance[J].Cell,2001,106(5):563-573.
(收稿日期:2014-05-30)endprint
[7] Serrano R,Barrenetxe J,Orbe J,et al.Tissue-specific PAI-1 gene expression and glycosylation pattern in insulin-resistant old rats[J].Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol,2009,297(5):R1563-R1569.
[8] Lefebvre AM,Laville M,Vega N,et al.Depot-specific differences in adipose tissue gene expression in lean and obese subjects[J].Diabetes,1998,47(1):98-103.
[9] 彭曉韌,鄒大進(jìn).脂肪組織FOXC2表達(dá)水平與肥胖和胰島素抵抗的關(guān)系[J].醫(yī)學(xué)研究生學(xué)報(bào),2008,6:614-618.
[10] 念馨,衛(wèi)俊杰,蘇艷丹,等.內(nèi)臟脂肪組織FOXC2 mRNA表達(dá)水平與2型糖尿病的關(guān)系[J].中國(guó)組織工程研究與臨床康復(fù),2011,15(50):9496-9500.
[11] 彭曉韌.脂肪組織FOXC2蛋白表達(dá)與肥胖和胰島素抵抗的關(guān)系[D].上海:第二軍醫(yī)大學(xué),2013.
[12] Fujita H,Kang M,Eren M,et al.Foxc2 is a common mediator of insulin and transforming growth factor beta signaling to regulate plasminogen activator inhibitor type I gene expression[J].Circ Res,2006, 98(5):626-634.
[13] Jung YA,Lee KM,Kim MK,et al.Forkhead transcription factor FoxO1 inhibits insulin and transforming growth factor-beta-stimulated plasminogen activator inhibitor expression[J].Biochem Biophys Res Commun,2009,386(4):757-761.
[14] 王芳.代謝綜合征相關(guān)基因多態(tài)性的研究進(jìn)展[J].醫(yī)學(xué)綜述,2013,19(7):1267-1269.
[15] Ma LJ,Mao SL,Taylor KL,et al.Prevention of obesity and insulin resistance in mice lacking plasminogen activator inhibitor 1[J].Diabetes,2004,53(2):336-346.
[16] Cerd erberg A,Gronning LM,Ahren B,et al.FOXC2 is a winged helix gene that counteracts obesity, hypertrig lyceridemia, and diet induced insulin resistance[J].Cell,2001,106(5):563-573.
(收稿日期:2014-05-30)endprint