一、疑問句中表示“請求許可、提出建議、征詢意見”的情態(tài)動詞
(1) can/could/may/might表示“請求許可”,could 和might語氣更委婉,但回答時不可用could 和might。如:
-Can/Could/May/Might I use your dictionary tomorrow morning?
-Yes, you can/may. (否定:No, Im afraid not.)
(2) will/would表示“提出建議”,主語必須為第二人稱,would語氣更委婉,但回答時不可用would。如:
Would you do me a favor to move away the bench on the road?
你能否幫我搬走路上的那條板凳?
(3) shall表示“征詢意見”,主語必須為第一人稱或第三人稱。如:
-Thanks for inviting me to your party. ________ my classmate Jane come?
-Of course. She is always welcome. (2014年江蘇蘇北四市一模)
A. Shall B. Should C. Will D. Must
分析:答案為A。此句shall用于疑問句中,且主語為第三人稱,表示征詢對方意見。
二、表具體事情實際發(fā)生的可能性的情態(tài)動詞
(1)must用于肯定句,表示“一定,準是”。
(2)may表示“或許,也許”,might可能性弱。
(3)can用于否定句、疑問句或感嘆句,表示“疑惑、驚訝、不相信”。
(4)could用于肯定句,也可用于否定句、疑問句,可能性比can弱。
三、情態(tài)動詞+have done的用法
情態(tài)動詞+完成式 意義 例句
must have
done “想必/一定/準是做了某事”,用于肯定句。否定形式為cant/couldnt have done, 意為“不可能做過某事” It must have rained last night,for the ground is wet
Mr. Smith canhave gone to Beijing, for I saw him in the library just now
can/could have done 本來能夠……
過去可能會…… He could have passed the exam, but he was too careless.
There is no light in the room. Can they have gone out?
may/might have done “也許/或許已經……”,might與 may意思相同,但可能性較小 —What has happened to George?
—I dont know. He may have got lost
should/ought to have done 本應該做某事,而實際沒做 Tom, you are too lazy. The work should have been finished yesterday
neednt have done “本來不需要做某事而做了”。注意,didnt need to do意為“過去沒必要做某事而實際上也沒做” I neednt have bought so
much wine,only five people
came
—Did you work very late
last night?
—No, I didnt. I didnt
need to work very late
would have done 常用于虛擬語氣中,表示對過去事情的假設,意為“本來會做” I would have told you all
about the boys story, but you
didnt ask me
四、其他
(1)cannot but do sth. 意為“不得不/只好做某事”。如:
I cannot but complain about the food.
我不得不抱怨這食物。
(2)cannot/never ...too/enough 意為“再……也不為過”。如:
One can never be careful enough while crossing the street.
過馬路時越小心越好。
I ________ thank you too much for all your help to my son while we were away from home. (2012年陜西高考)
A. wont B. cant C. can D. will
分析:答案為B。此句使用了cannot ...too的結構。
(3)may 放在句首,表示愿望或祝愿。如:
May you return in safety. 愿你平安歸來。