Characteristics and High-yielding Cultivation Technology of HuaimaiNo.29

Min TONG

Anhui Wanken Seed Corp,Hefei 230061,China

Characteristics and High-yielding Cultivation Technology of HuaimaiNo.29

Min TONG*

Anhui Wanken Seed Corp,Hefei 230061,China

[Objective]The aim was to explore application and popularization of Huaimai No.29.[Method]The characteristics,yields,quality,application range and use of Huaimai No.29 were introduced and the cultivation technology was concluded.[Result]Huaimai No.29 is cultivated with Huaimai No.20 as a female parent and Mianyang No.04254 as a male parent.It is a semi-winter variety,and matures later, with yield of 7.5-9.0 t/hm2.The variety is suitable to be grown in Henan Province, northern areas of Anhui Province and Jiangsu Province,the central Shaanxi plain, and Heze,Shandong Province.The ears are spindle-shaped and seeds grow quite well.The thousand-seed weight is in the range of 40-42 g,and it is suitable to be sown in early or middle October in Huaibei and late October in the area along Huaihe River.The basic seedlings maintain in the range of 1.80-2.70 million per hm2.[Conclusion]Huaimai No.29 is of high yield and high tolerance against coldness.The comprehensive characters performed good.The variety was approved by our country in 2009 and numbered as nation-approved wheat No.2009010.It has been proved that the variety can be planted in Huaibei areas or the areas along Huai River.

Huaimai No.29;Characteristics;Cultivation technology

H uaimai No.29 is bred with Huaimai No.20 as a female parent and Mianyang No. 04254 as a male parent,provided by Jiangsu Area Huaiyin Institute of Agricultural Science.The variety was approved by our country in 2009 and numbered as nation-approved wheat No.2009010.Anhui Wanken Seed Corp.has bought out exclusive production management in Anhuiand the planting are in autumn 2013 reached as extensive as 150 000 hm2in the procurementnotice of Good Seed Extension,Subsidy and Purchasing Project in Dominant Wheat-producing Areas in 2013 in Anhui Province.The research mainly introduced the characteristics,yield,quality,application range and prospect of Huaimai No.29, as wellas the cultivation technology in order to further exploit the potentialof yield increasing.

Characteristics of Huaimai No.29

Botanicalcharacteristics

The variety is semi-wintered and matures later.For example,the maturing stage is 1 d later compared with Xinmai No.18.The young seedlings creep in growth and the tillering capacity is strong,with low earing rate.The plant height is about 90 cm,and the plant grows semi-loosely;flag-leaf grows upward and the plant has waxiness;the transmission of light is quite good,but stem elasticity performs poor.The ear layers are thick and the ears grow more and evenly,but small. The ears are spindle-shaped and seeds grow quite well.During two years,the number ofear in the testregions averages 6.27 million ear/hm2, including the number of seed per ear at 32.9 and thousand-seed weight at 41.7 g.

Resistance

Huaimai No.29 is tolerant to coldness in winter and resistant to cold spell in later spring as well.It can be concluded that the resistance should be moderate or weak.In later period, some began to decline and the drought-tolerance proved poor.According to disease tolerance and inoculation identification from national wheat-producing region,it can be concluded that the variety is prone to being diseased by stripe rust,powdery mildew and banded sclerotial blight and highly prone to being diseased by brown leafrust and gibberellic disease (Table 1).The research showed that some were seriously diseased by stripe rust.

Quality

In accordance with test quality analysis in national wheat-producing region,related items were measured in 2007 and 2008,including volumeweights of kernel at 800 and 808 g/L, hardness index at 64.0 in 2008,the contents of proteins at 14.91%and 14.08%,wet glutens of powder at 33.3%and 31.0%,sedimentation values at 35.0 and 30.2 ml,water absorptions at 59.3%and 57.0%,stabilization times at 6.8 and 6.9 min,the maximal resistances at 346 and 324 E.U,extension capacities at 13.4 and 13.2 cm,and extension areas at 64 and 59 cm2.

Yield Characteristics

During 2006-2007,the testproved average yield per unit area reached 8 226 kg/hm2,which increased by 5.6%compared with Xinmai No.18 in control group;during successive cropping in 2007-2008,average yield per unit area achieved 8 605.5 kg/hm2, which increased by 5.2%compared with XinmaiNo.18;during 2008-2009, average yield perunitarea was 7 525.5 kg,which improved by 5.2%.

Suitable Region

The variety is suitable to be grown in Henan Province,northern areas of Anhui Province and Jiangsu Province, the central Shaanxi plain,and Heze, Shandong Province.After years’tests,itcan be concluded that Huaimai No.29 can be grown in dry lands with wheat stubble in Huaibei City,as well as wheat-producing region with rice stubble along HuaiRiver.

High-yielding Cultivation Technology

Soil preparation in a scientific way to improve sowing quality

Soil preparation lays foundation for sown wheat quality,which requires large or moderate tractors with horsepower over 50.What’s more,after soil preparation,lands should be well leveled,soils were ground and soil moisture be maintained.As for rotary cultivation,machines with a compacting machine should be used with depth over 15 cm,but sowing term should be controlled not too long.For the lands long term cultivated by rotary method,deep plowing should be conducted once every 2-3 years,with depth of 23-25 cm.It is recommended to prepare ridge-bordered plots with width of 4 m,which is convenient for irrigation and field management.It is notable that soilmoisture should be wellpreserved.

Scientific sowing to improve sowing quality Seed treatment

The seeds at 0.2% were mixed with Shishile,a seed coating agent,at 2.5%or 0.15%seeds mixed with 20%triadimefon.For the lands seriously damaged by underground insects,40%isofenphosmethyl missible oil can be used and mixed with 1.2%seeds.In the lands damaged by both of diseases and insect,insecticide and bactericide can be mixed with seeds and the drug should be applied as per individual dosages.In addition,sowing amount should be increased by 10%-15%.

Sowing in appropriate term

The suitable sowing term refers to the pe-riod when average temperature reduces to 15-18℃in autumn.Huaimai No.29 belongs to a semi-winter variety and it is recommended to determine the suitable sowing term in early or middle October in Huaibei and middle or later October.

Table 1Identification results ofHuaimaiNo.29 tolerance in southern Huanghuai

Table 2 Regionaltestin southern Huanghuaiand yield characteristics of HuaimaiNo.29

Appropriate sowing amountWith suitable sowing term,the basic seedlings should be controlled of 1.80-2.70 million per hm2.Huaimai No.29 is a multi-spike cultivar whose tillering and earing rates are high. Hence,it is necessary to strengthen coordination between sowing term and sowing amount.For example,when wheat is sown in early or middle October,the sowing amount should be of 135-150 kg/hm2in farmlands with maize or soybean as preceding crops and 165-225 kg/hm2in farmlands with rice as preceding crop.If wheat is sown in later October,the sowing amount can be increased properly.In general,the sowing amount should increase by 7.5 kg/hm2as sowing term postpones 3 d.

Precision seedingIt will be much easier to control sowing amount and guarantee sowing depth with a semiprecision sowing machine,which will reduce seedling death.It is notable thatthe suitable depth ofwheatsowing should be of 3-5 cm,and shallower about 2 cm in the farmlands irrigated after sowing in order to guarantee all seeds are sown.

Pressing after sowingIt is one of important measures to press soils after sowing.With soil moisture maintained the same,pressing can be conducted followed by sowing with a seeder after rotary cultivation.If soil moisture is poor,a compacting machine should be used to press soils after sowing to increase compacting degree of soils,which is conductive to germination.It is notable that the press wheel is forbidden to be dismantled at rotary cultivation.

Scientific fertilization to improve use ratio of fertilizers

Because the amount of growth is smalland fewer fertilizers are required in seedling stage,more nitrogen would be evaporated,resulting in waste of chemical fertilizers and increase of cost,deteriorated by long winter.In order to improve fertilizer use rate,organic fertilizer should integrate with inorganic fertilizer under the principle of integration of N,P and K fertilizers,integration of secondary elements and trace elements,as well as integration of base fertilizer and additionalfertilizer.Balance fertilization should be always considered.For example,abundant fertilizers should be applied in early stage and N fertilizers applied later.Furthermore,50%N fertilizers should be applied in moderate or poor fertility farmlands,organic fertilizer,P, K and Zn fertilizers should be applied as base fertilizer,and more 50%N fertilizers be applied in jointing stage in spring of the following year.In highyielding farmlands,allorganic fertilizer, P fertilizer and Zn fertilizer should be applied,added with 30%-50%N fertilizer and 50%K fertilizer as base fertilizers and 50%-70%N fertilizers and 50%K fertilizers can be applied in jointing stage in spring of the following year.In terms of newly fertilizers,N fertilizer can be applied with controlled release urea coated by resin film and urea proportion at7:3,which would replace fertilization of urea in different times to make fulluse of Nfertilizer.

Scientific management and intensifying field management Rational watering

After seedlings grow,if soil moisture is appropriate, watering should be avoided to restrain the growth of seedlings.Before winter, watering is allowed only when relative water contentofsoils is below 60%to guarantee growth of wheat.Before winter,watering becomes much important,which matters in reducing dramatic changes of ground temperature, in case offrozen damages ofwheatin winter.After wheat turn green,watering time should be postponed ifthe soil moisture is suitable.In high-yielding farmlands,watering can be conducted in jointing stage or 3-5 d after jointing stage.Booting stage is a criticalperiod of water demand for wheat,when wheat should be wellirrigated.However,if soil moisture is satisfied,the irrigation period can be postponed to anthesis.As for grain-filling stage,large amount of water is required and specific volume of water can be determined by precipitation and soil moisture.It is notable that irrigation is not suitable atnoon at high temperature or on the day with gale.

Timely prevention against diseases,insects or grass damages Prevention against diseases and insects

Wheatis generally damaged in different phases.For instance, wheat are mainly damged by banded sclerotial blight,full rot,root rot and gree wheat mite in jointing stage, which can be controlled by 0.9% abamectin(×3 000),added with 20% triadimefon missible oilof 50-75 ml.It is notable that heading period is a key phase forming wheat yield,as well as a term when wheat aphid,powdery mildew,rust disease,and leaf blight occur.In flowering stage,Fusarium Head Blight,Sitodiplosis mosellana, and aphids would cause damages on wheat,as well as rust disease,powdery mildew,leaf blight,and armyworm,which can be controlled with 50%pirimicarb at 120-150 g/hm2or 10%imidacloprid at 150-225 g/hm2, added with 20%triadimefon or 50% carbendazim of 1 050-1 200 ml,and water of 40-50 kg.Recently,because of northward movement of rainfall zone,Fusarium Head Blight has become a major climatic disease affecting wheat,which can be controlled by 50%thiophanate methylwettable powder(×700-1 000)or 70%thiophanate methylwettable powder(×800-1 200).

Chemical weedingIt is important to prepare chemical weeding timely before winter.Specifically,at first,drug dose,application time and water quantity should be well considered for most herbicides are high in activity,so thatthe drug might have side effects in a high dose.Secondly,the drugs can be sprayed in middle or late November or in the period from late February to early March,when the 3rd-5thleaves of wheat grow,with daily mean temperature over 8℃in order to improve drug effect.After jointing stage,wheat becomes sensitive to drugs,and chemicalherbicides are forbidden to apply. In addition,for wheat field dominated by bedstraw,shepherd’s purse,Silene conoidea,Fagopyrum esculentum,and Buglossoides arvense,75% Juxing dry suspending agentat15.0-22.5 g/hm2or 20%Maisheng wettable powder at 300 g/hm2.In the wheat field with monocotyledon and dicotyledon,3.6%Kuoshima water dis-persible granule of 300-375 g/hm2or 6.9%Biaoma emulsifiable concentrate added with 75%Juxing dry suspending agent at 1 g can be used to control.

Application of foliage fertilizerIn middle of grain maturing stage,foliage fertilizer can be sprayed,which would extend leaf aging.Specifically, monopotassium phosphate can be applied at 1.5 kg/hm2added with urea at 0.5 kg and water at 50 kg,which would improve grain weight or protein content.In order to simplify the operation,foliage fertilizer can be applied simultaneously with control of disease or insect damages.For example,carbendazim emulsion(40%)of 750-1 200 ml/hm2,phoxim(50%)of 750-1 125 ml/hm2,monopotassium phosphate at 0.1 kg,urea at 0.5 kg and water at 50 kg can be well mixed for spraying.

Harvesting at Proper Time

Wheat is usually harvested in the end of ripening stage when thousandseed weight reaches the peak and qualities of grain nutrition and grains both perform the best.During the period,wheat stems all turn yellow and leaves wither and yellow.Moisture content of seed maintains 22%and seed color is close to the type.Therefore,combine-harvester is recommended to be applied and wheatstubble be returned to fields.

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Responsible editor:Xiaoxue WANG

Responsible proofreader:Xiaoyan WU

淮麥29的特征特性及高產(chǎn)栽培技術(shù)

童 敏*（安徽皖墾種業(yè)股份有限公司，安徽合肥230061）

［目的］探討國(guó)審小麥新品種淮麥29的推廣㈦應(yīng)⒚前景。［方法］介紹淮麥29的特征特性、產(chǎn)量表現(xiàn)、品質(zhì)、適應(yīng)范圍和利⒚前景，概述了其主要栽培技術(shù)。［結(jié)果］淮麥29是江蘇徐淮地區(qū)淮陰農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)研究所以淮麥20為母本、綿陽(yáng)04254為父本通過(guò)有性雜交系譜法選育而成。該品種半冬性，中晚熟，一般單產(chǎn)7.5～9.0 t/hm2，適宜在黃淮冬麥區(qū)南片的河南（信陽(yáng)、南陽(yáng)除外）、安徽北部、江蘇北部、陜西關(guān)中灌區(qū)、山東菏澤地區(qū)高中水肥地塊早中茬種植;株高90 cm，穗紡錘形，長(zhǎng)芒，白殼，白粒，籽粒角質(zhì)、均勻飽滿。千粒重40~42 g，其適宜播期淮北地區(qū)在10月上中旬，沿淮地區(qū)在10月中下旬，基本苗可掌握在180萬(wàn)～270萬(wàn)/hm2。［結(jié)論］淮麥29產(chǎn)量高、抗寒性強(qiáng)，綜合性狀好，該品種于2009年通過(guò)國(guó)家審定，審定編號(hào)為國(guó)審麥2009010。經(jīng)多年試驗(yàn)，在安徽淮北旱茬麥和沿淮地區(qū)的稻茬麥區(qū)均可種植。

淮麥29；特征特性；栽培技術(shù)

童敏(1980－)，女，安徽宿松人，高級(jí)農(nóng)藝師，從事商業(yè)化育種及農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)推廣工作，E-mail：tongmin2008@163.net。*通訊作者。

2014-11-03

*Corresponding author.E-mail:tongmin2008@163.com

Received:November3,2014 Accepted:December 14,2014

修回日期2014-12-14