The Breeding of Hybrid Rape Variety Youyan 924 with Strong Heterosis and High Oil

Guozuo HOU,Yan HOU,Huiping HE,Jian HOU,Xianping WANG

GuiZhouSheng Rapeseed Institute,Guiyang 550008,China

Ahybrid rape variety with low erucic acid and low glucosinolate,good quality,high yield and high oil percentage is of great significance to improve the economic benefit of rape planting and processing,adapt to the competition of international agricultural product market after entering into WTO,and promote scientific and technological progress of rape planting.Youyan 924 is a hybrid rape combination with low erucic acid,low glucosinolate and high oil,which was bred by crossing between sterile line 802 A with yellow seed and double-low characteristics which was transferred from recessive genic male sterility and restorer line J 24 with double-low characteristics.During 2011-2013,the combination was grown in the regional trial and production testing of new rape varieties in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River,and its yield and quality both reached the standard of variety approval,moreover,it was authorized by National Crop Variety Examination and Approving Committee in 2013(No:Guo Shen You 2013009).

The Sources of the Combination and the Process of Its Parents Breeding

Names and sources of parents

Youyan 924 (Regional trial code:H 29 J 24,the same as follows)is a new hybrid rape combination bred by crossing between 802 A and J 24.802 A is a sterile line which was transferred from 237 A×10118,in which 237 A is a double recessive genetic sterile line with yellow seed bred byGuiZ-houShengRapeseedInstitute,and 10118 is a self-fertile strain with low erucic acid,low glucosinolate and high oil;J 24 line was bred by crossing between double-low restorer line F 33 and F 85 both with high oil content which were also bred byGuiZ-houSheng Rapeseed Institute.

Breeding family tree

The breeding of sterile lineIn the spring of 2011,the trans-breeding was carried out taking sterile line 237 A with double recessive and yellow seed as well as double-low characteristics as female parent and conventional double-low strain 10118 as male parent,the oil percentage of the parents was both between 45%and 49%.The breeding process was as follows:

The breeding of restorer lineF33and F85were conventional strain materials with yellow seed and doublelow characteristics bred by GuiZ-houSheng Rapeseed Institute,the oil percentage of the parents was both between 46%and 48%.The breeding process of J 24 was as follows:

Characteristics of the parents

Characteristics ofsterile lineThe characteristics of sterile line are:Brassica napus, semi-winterness,early-middle maturity type,reniform cotyledon,deeper leaf color,heavier sumatriptan,strong growth vigor during the seedling stage,the plant height is 170-180 cm,the first branch number is 7-9,pods per plant and seeds per pod are 350-400 and 17-19,respectively,the seed is uneven faint yellow,1 000-seed weight is 3.4-3.8 g,erucic acid content is less than 0.5%,glucosinolate content is less than 30 μmol/g,and oil percentage is among 45%-48%.

Characteristics of restorer lineThe characteristics of restorer line are:Brassica napus,semi-winterness,latemiddle maturity type,reniform cotyledon,deeper leaf color,medium growth vigor,the plant height is 170-190 cm,the first branch number is 8-10,pods per plant and seeds per pod are 380-450 and 20-21,respectively,pod length is 5-6 cm,1 000-seed weight is 3.5-4 g,erucic acid content is less than 0.5%,glucosinolate content is less than 30 μmol/g,and oil percentage is among 45%-47%.

The Measurement and Matching of Combinations and Combination Performance

Based on the basical completion of parents selection,the measurement and matching of combinations was carried out in the spring of 2008;in the autumn of 2008,the combinations were observed;then the variety comparative test of the two years was carried out during 2009-2010;finally,the combinations were used in the regional trial of new rape varieties in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River in 2011.

Variety characteristics

Plant characters and growth periodYouyan 924 is a bilinear hybrid of Brassica napus and semi-winter genic male sterility. The cotyledon of seedlings is reniform,and the interior leafis a little purple;during the seedling stage,it is suberect,the top cleft leaf is large,the leaf colour is green,and it has sumatriptan,the blade length is medium,the number of cleft leaves is 2-4 pairs,the vein is obvious,the leaf margin has sinuate denticles.The petal is yellow and lateral-pile,and its length is moderate.The color of seed is uneven faint yellow.In the regional trial,the growthvigor at seedling stage and bolting stage is strong and the consistency is good.Under the density of 34.5×104-40.5×104plants/hm2,the mean of the two-year regional trial(in Table 1)was as follows:plant height and branch height were 179.73 and 89.11 cm,respectively,available primary branches were 6.71 per plant,which was more than Zhongyouza 2 (CK)by 0.4 per plant,the main inflorescence lenth was 52.85 cm,the pod density was 1.23 pods/cm,the average effective pods per plant were 217.24 per plant,which was more than Zhongyouza 2(CK)by 6.45 per plant,seeds per pod were 19.86,1 000-seed weight was 3.76 g,the rapeseed yield per plant was 12.07 g.The abnormal plant(sterile plant)rates of the two years were respectively 0.48%and 1.2%,and the mean value was 0.84%.

Table 1 The plant characters and economic characters of Youyan 924 in the two-year regional trial in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River

Youyan 924 was directly sown from late September to early October(the sowing dates of the two years were respectively on September 29 and October 5),the average growth period was 220.3 d,which was more than CK Zhongyouza 2 by 1.6 d;in the production testing,the average growth period of Youyan 924 was 215.2 d,which was more than CK Zhongyouza 2 by 0.2 d.

Variety resistanceFrom the average value of the two-year regional trial in Table 2,it was drawn that the sclerotiniose incidence and index of Youyan 924 were 5.24%and 3.28,respectively,which were respectively lower than Zhongyouza 2 by 1.96%and 0.87%;in the production testing,the sclerotiniose incidence and index were 5.13%and 2.02,respectively,which were respectively lower than Zhongyouza 2 by 1.18%and 1.43,indicating that the resistance of the variety to sclerotiniose was superior to that of Zhongyouza 2(CK).From Table 2,it also can be seen that the viral disease incidence and disease index of Youyan 924 were respectively lower than Zhongyouza 2 by 2.47%and 1.34,and in the production testing,they were also respectively lower than Zhongyouza 2 by 0.41%and 0.31,thus its resistance to viral disease was stronger than Zhongyouza 2.

In the inoculation identification of disease resistance genetics group,the indexes of sclerotiniose of Youyan 924 in the two years were respectively 17.14 and 6.54 (in Table 3),and RRI values were respectively 0.49 and-0.45,the identification results of the two years were divided into low sensitivity and low resistance,showing that the resistance of Youyan 924 to sclerotiniose was comparable to that of Zhouyou 821.

In the two years,Youyan 924 showed strong drought,waterlogging and lodging resistances (in Table 4),which were comparable to those of Zhongyouza 2;the average rate of freeze injury of Youyan 924 in the two years was 9.63%,which was lower than that of Zhongyouza 2 by 0.63%;and the average index of freeze injury of Youyan 924 in the two years was 2.86,which was higher than that of Zhongyouza 2 by 0.12.

Yield performance

The combination was observedduring 2008-2009,and it was concluded that the average yield was 2973.45kg/hm2,which was 21.56%higher than that of Youyan 10;in the comparative test of combinations during 2009-2010,the average yield of the combination was 2 768.4 kg/hm2,which was 18.57%higher than that of Youyan 10;in the comparative test of combinations during 2010-2011,the average yield of the combination was 3 586.2 kg/hm2,which was 18.34%higher than that of Youyan 50.

Table 2 The identification of disease resistance of Youyan 924 in the two-year regional trial in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River

Table 3 The artificial inoculation identification of the resistance to sclerotiniose of Youyan 924 in the two-year regional trial in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River

Table 4 The identification of the resistances to drought,waterlogging,lodging and cold of Youyan 924 in the two-year regional trial in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River

Yield performance in the regional trialYouyan 924 was grown in the regional trial in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River in the autumn of 2011.In the two-year regional trial of the middle reaches of the Yangtze River,its average rapeseed yield and oil yield were respectively 2 695.95 and 1 264.35 kg/hm2,which were respectively high than those of the other varieties in the same group (CK1)by 5.22%and 13.4% (in Table 5),thus the yield-increasing effect was extremely significant,thereby reaching the standard of hybrid rape cultivar with strong heterosis;thereinto,the highest average rapeseed yield and the highest average oil yield respectively reached 3 066.15 and 1 489.05 kg/hm2.In the 18 sites of the regional trial in the two years,the yield of Youyan 924 in 13 sites increased compared with the average yield of the other varieties in the same group(CK1),which accounted for 72%of total sites,and that in 5 sites decreased;the oil yield of Youyan 924 in 17 sites increased compared with the average yield of the other varieties in the same group(CK1),which accounted for 94%of total sites,and that in one site decreased;compared with Zhongyouza 2(CK2),rapeseed yield and oil yield respectively increased by 10.06%and 23.68%,and the yield-increasing sites of the two reached 15 and 17 sites,respectively,thus reaching the standard of hybrid rape cultivar with strong heterosis.

Yield performance in the production testingYouyan 924 was planted in 5 production testing sites in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River in 2013,in which 4 sites showed a yield-increasing effect (in Table 6),which accounted for 80% of total sites,the average rapeseed yield of Youyan 924 reached 2 739.75 kg/hm2,which increased by 6.73%compared with that of Zhongyouza 2 (CK),in which the highestrapeseed yield reached 3 364.65 kg/hm2;the oil yield of the 5 sites all showed a yieldincreasing effect,which accounted for 100%,the average oil yield reached 1 348.2 kg/hm2,which increased by 20.08% compared with that of Zhongyouza 2(CK),in which the highest oil yield reached 1 655.7 kg/hm2.

Table 5 The yield performance of Youyan 924 in the two-year regional trial in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River

Table 6 The yield performance of Youyan 924 in the production testing in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River

Table 7 The quality performance of Youyan 924 in the two-year regional trial in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River

Quality performance

In the two-year regional trial of the middle reaches of the Yangtze River,the oil rates of Youyan 924 were respectively 44.68%and 48.58%according to the sample analysis by National Regional Trial Group,and the average rate was 46.63%(in Table 7),which ranked the first in all varieties in the same group,and was higher than the average oil content of all the other varieties in the same group by 3.44 percent points,as well as was higher than that of Zhongyouza 2 in the same group by 5.14 percent points;in the production testing,the oilrate of Youyan 924 reached 49.21%;glucosinolate contents in the two years were respectively 18.33 and 22.21 μmol/g,thus the average glucosinolate content was 20.27 μmol/g;erucic acid contents in the seed in the two years were respectively 0.2%and 0.3%,thus the average content was 0.25%.

Key Points of Cultivation Techniques

Planting date

The seedlings were grown in the middle of September and transplanted in mid-to-late October;the direct seeding was carried out during late September and early October.

The transplanting density

The transplanting densitywas among 9×104-12×104plants/hm2;ifdirect seeding,15×104-18 ×104plants/hm2seedlings can be leaved;high-density cultivation technique with mechanical sowing and mechanical harvesting can also be used,and the planting density can reach more than 37.5×104plants/hm2.

Rational application of fertilizer

Thefertilizingamountshouldbe2 250-3 000 kg/hm2,and the pure nitrogen that should be applied was more than 225 kg/hm2,N ∶P2O5∶K2O should be 1 ∶0.5∶0.9.It should be noticed that organic fertilizer was applied as base fertilizer,seedling weight,stem light and seedling root should be viewed as the reference for top dressing,the method of top dressing was urea-manure water mixture.

Stressing on boron fertilizer application

7.5-12 kg/hm2borax was applied as base fertilizer with the way of furrow dressing or it was mixed with water as topdressing,or foliage top-dressing of 0.3%borax solution was carried out at the seedling stage and bolting stage,the application of foliage top-dressing in the soil lacking boron and having a poor setting rate should be more emphasized.

Preventing diseases,insect pests and weeds,and enhancing cultivation and management

During the seedling stage,it should prevent aphid and cabbage caterpillar,etc.,moreover,the work of drought resistance and waterlogging drainage should be done timely.At the end of December,150 mg/L paclobutrazol solution was sprayed to improve the cold-resistant and lodging-resistant ability.During the flowering phase,combined with boron fertilizer application,40%dimethachlon was sprayed to prevent sclerotiniose.

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