□鞠洪玲
揭開(kāi)狀語(yǔ)從句的神秘面紗
□鞠洪玲
用來(lái)修飾主句中的動(dòng)詞、形容詞或副詞等而充當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)的從句叫做狀語(yǔ)從句。狀語(yǔ)從句常用從屬連詞來(lái)引導(dǎo),與主句連接起來(lái)。若置于句末,則前面不加逗號(hào)。根據(jù)意義和作用,狀語(yǔ)從句可分為時(shí)間、原因、條件等幾種。下面我們就來(lái)分析一下這幾種狀語(yǔ)從句。
時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句常用從屬連詞when,after,until以及as soon as等來(lái)引導(dǎo)。
當(dāng)主句是祈使句或謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是一般將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí),其時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)表示將來(lái)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。這就是我們常說(shuō)的“主將從現(xiàn)”。如:
Please call me when you get there.當(dāng)你到那兒時(shí),請(qǐng)給我打個(gè)電話。
I will write to you as soon as I arrive in Beijing.我一到北京就給你寫(xiě)信。
溫馨提示:since引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句表示“自從……以來(lái)”,從句中的動(dòng)詞一般表示動(dòng)作的起點(diǎn),用過(guò)去時(shí);而主句的動(dòng)作延續(xù)的情況則用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。常用的句型為:
It has been/is+一段時(shí)間+since+過(guò)去時(shí)。
如:It has been/is three years since we met last time.自從我們上次見(jiàn)面,已經(jīng)三年了。
引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞或詞組有:if(如果),unless(除非),as longas(只要)等。如果主句是將來(lái)時(shí),條件狀語(yǔ)從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)來(lái)表示。如:
I will stay at home if it rains tomorrow.如果明天下雨,我就待在家。
You can’t learn English well unless you work hard.除非你努力學(xué)習(xí),否則是學(xué)不好英語(yǔ)的。
溫馨提示:由if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句,若從句所表達(dá)的與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反,則常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣,即用過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)表示(如果涉及到be動(dòng)詞,須使用were)。此時(shí),主句用過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)。
如:If I had enough money,I would buy it for you.如果我有足夠的錢(qián),我將把它買(mǎi)給你。
I wouldn’t do it if I were you.如果我是你,我是不會(huì)做的。
because,since,as,for都可用來(lái)引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句,那么它們又有哪些區(qū)別呢?
(1)because用來(lái)表示“造成某種結(jié)果的直接原因”,語(yǔ)氣較直接,常用來(lái)回答why提出的問(wèn)句。如:
—Why are you late?你為什么遲到?
—Because my bike is broken.因?yàn)槲业淖孕熊?chē)壞了。
(2)as和since用來(lái)表示“能直接看到或是不說(shuō)也知道的原因”,since也可譯作“既然”。如:
Since his shoes are worn out,let’s buy him a new pair.既然他的鞋壞了,那我們就給他買(mǎi)雙新的吧。
(3)for引導(dǎo)的原因狀語(yǔ)從句不置于句首,常用來(lái)表示“順便提及的理由”,只是稍帶說(shuō)明原因,并非強(qiáng)調(diào)。如:
I must stay here,for it’s raining so hard.我必須得待在這兒,因?yàn)橛晗碌暮艽蟆?/p>
當(dāng)然,除了以上提到的幾種狀語(yǔ)從句之外,我們還學(xué)過(guò)由than引導(dǎo)的比較狀語(yǔ)從句,由so...that引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句等。在具體答題時(shí),只要保持清醒的頭腦,仔細(xì)審題,冷靜分析,相信大家一定能取得好成績(jī)!怎么樣,來(lái)幾道練習(xí)題挑戰(zhàn)一下吧!
【大顯身手】
Ⅰ.單項(xiàng)選擇
1.I knew nothing about the new_________sLily told me yesterday.
A.becauseB.sinceC.untilD.after
2.I will tell him if I_________him.
A.sawB.will seeC.seeingD.see
3.I am sleepy_________I didn’t sleep well last night.
A.whenB.thatC.becauseD.so
4.They won’t be back until the work_________.
A.doB.doesC.is doneD.will do
5.—When will you call me?
—I will call you as soon as you_________in Shanghai.
A.arriveB.arrivesC.arrivingD.will arrive
6.I’ll go to cinema this Sunday_________.
A.if it will be sunnyB.if I’m free
C.when I have no timeD.because I’m busy.
7.Don’t worry.I’ll tell Mrs.White_________she comes back.
A.whenB.howC.whyD.where
8._________he studies hard,_________he doesn’t pass the exam.
A.Though,butB.Though,/
C.But,ThoughD.But,/
Ⅱ.完成下列句子。
1.I will show him the new watch_________.(他一到這兒來(lái))
2.What will she do_________?(當(dāng)她長(zhǎng)大時(shí))
3.We will go out to play_________tomorrow.(如果不下雪)
4._________,someone knocked at the door.(當(dāng)我媽媽做飯)
5.Turn off the lights_________.(在你離開(kāi)教室前)
參考答案:
Ⅰ.1.C2.D3.C4.C5.A6.B7.A8.B
Ⅱ.1.as soon as he comes here2.when she grows up3.if it doesn’t snow4.While my mother was cooking5.before you leave the classroom