李靜,董艷,張晶潔,潘鴻
·中醫(yī)·中西醫(yī)結(jié)合·
小兒肺熱咳喘口服液對(duì)小兒毛細(xì)支氣管炎Th1/Th2細(xì)胞的影響研究
李靜,董艷,張晶潔,潘鴻
目的探討小兒肺熱咳喘口服液對(duì)小兒毛細(xì)支氣管炎Th1/Th2細(xì)胞的影響。方法選擇2013年9月—2014年12月北京市昌平區(qū)中西醫(yī)結(jié)合醫(yī)院兒科收治的毛細(xì)支氣管炎住院患兒80例,按隨機(jī)數(shù)字表法分為試驗(yàn)組和對(duì)照組,各40例。根據(jù)臨床用藥指南,兩組患兒均給予抗感染和對(duì)癥治療,對(duì)照組患兒靜脈滴注頭孢曲松鈉治療,治療組患兒在對(duì)照組基礎(chǔ)上給予小兒肺熱咳喘口服液治療,療程均為7 d。比較兩組患兒臨床療效,治療前后干擾素γ (IFN-γ)、白介素4(IL-4)水平及Th1細(xì)胞分?jǐn)?shù)、Th2細(xì)胞分?jǐn)?shù)、Th1/Th2細(xì)胞百分比變化,并觀察治療期間兩組患兒不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生情況。結(jié)果試驗(yàn)組患兒臨床療效優(yōu)于對(duì)照組(P<0.05)。治療前兩組患兒血清IFN-γ、IL-4水平及Th1細(xì)胞分?jǐn)?shù)、Th2細(xì)胞分?jǐn)?shù)、Th1/Th2細(xì)胞百分比比較,差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05);治療后試驗(yàn)組患兒血清IFN-γ、IL-4水平及Th1細(xì)胞分?jǐn)?shù)、Th2細(xì)胞分?jǐn)?shù)、Th1/Th2細(xì)胞百分比低于對(duì)照組(P<0.05)。結(jié)論小兒肺熱咳喘口服液治療毛細(xì)支氣管炎患兒臨床療效良好,可通過調(diào)節(jié)Th1/Th2細(xì)胞而增加患兒免疫功能。
毛細(xì)支氣管炎;小兒肺熱咳喘口服液;Th1-Th2平衡
李靜,董艷,張晶潔,等.小兒肺熱咳喘口服液對(duì)小兒毛細(xì)支氣管炎Th1/Th2細(xì)胞的影響研究[J].實(shí)用心腦肺血管病雜志,2015,23(4):114-117.[www.syxnf.net]
Li J,Dong Y,Zhang JJ,et al.Impact of xiaoer-feire-kechuan oral solution on Th1/Th2 cells of infants with bronchiolitis[J].Practical Journal of Cardiac Cerebral Pneumal and Vascular Disease,2015,23(4):114-117.
毛細(xì)支氣管炎是兒科常見疾病,多發(fā)于1歲尤其是6個(gè)月以下嬰幼兒,春季為其高發(fā)季節(jié)[1]。毛細(xì)支氣管炎是由呼吸道合胞病毒引起下呼吸道急性炎癥所致的氣道阻塞性疾病[2],近年來(lái),該病在嬰幼兒肺部病毒感染疾病中居首位[3]。其主要臨床表現(xiàn)為呼吸困難、喘息且易反復(fù)發(fā)作,與一般炎癥不同,患兒常為家族遺傳性過敏體質(zhì)[4]。臨床研究顯示,毛細(xì)
支氣管炎的發(fā)病機(jī)制與哮喘極相似,且該病病后哮喘發(fā)生率高達(dá)25%~50%[5]。臨床上治療毛細(xì)支氣管炎以抗感染及對(duì)癥治療為主,但患兒極易出現(xiàn)胃部不適等不良反應(yīng)[6]。毛細(xì)支氣管炎隸屬中醫(yī)“咳嗽”范疇,且臨床多見痰熱壅肺型[7]。小兒肺熱咳喘口服液為中藥合劑,由多種中草藥提煉而成,其中包含了麻杏石甘湯及白虎湯兩劑古方,加之現(xiàn)代經(jīng)典方劑,具有解毒清熱化痰、宣肺止咳平喘的功效[8-9]。有研究證實(shí),小兒肺熱咳喘口服液具有廣譜抗菌、抗病毒的作用[10]。本研究探討了小兒肺熱咳喘口服液對(duì)小兒毛細(xì)支氣管炎Th1/Th2細(xì)胞的影響,旨在為臨床應(yīng)用小兒肺熱咳喘口服液治療小兒毛細(xì)支氣管炎提供參考。
1.1 納入和排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn)納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):(1)符合全國(guó)小兒呼吸疾病會(huì)議制定的相關(guān)診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn),以憋悶、喘息為主要臨床表現(xiàn),或伴有發(fā)熱,雙肺可聞及喘鳴音或濕啰音;(2)年齡<2歲; (3)首次發(fā)病,且無(wú)其他急、慢性疾病;(4)病程2~7 d; (5)經(jīng)患兒家長(zhǎng)同意并簽署知情同意書。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):(1)近2周有其他呼吸道炎癥或感染者;(2)合并其他急、慢性疾病者;(3)過敏體質(zhì)及有免疫系統(tǒng)疾病者;(4)有先天性疾病和其他遺傳疾病者;(5)患兒家長(zhǎng)拒絕接受治療者。
1.2 一般資料選擇2013年9月—2014年12月北京市昌平區(qū)中西醫(yī)結(jié)合醫(yī)院兒科收治的毛細(xì)支氣管炎住院患兒80例,按隨機(jī)數(shù)字表法分為試驗(yàn)組和對(duì)照組,各40例。兩組患兒性別、月齡、白細(xì)胞計(jì)數(shù)(WBC)及病程比較,差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05,見表1),具有可比性。
表1 兩組患兒一般資料比較(±s)Table 1 Comparison of general information between the two groups
表1 兩組患兒一般資料比較(±s)Table 1 Comparison of general information between the two groups
注:WBC=白細(xì)胞計(jì)數(shù),*為χ2值
組別例數(shù)性別(男/女)月齡(月) WBC (×109/L)病程(d) 40 22/18 15.4±2.7 12.64±2.14 4.6±1.6試驗(yàn)組40 20/20 17.6±2.3 13.52±1.89 3.8±1.0 t(χ2)值對(duì)照組0.680 0.890 0.608 1.610 0.610 0.682 0.092 P值12.06*
1.3 治療方法根據(jù)臨床用藥指南,兩組患兒均給予抗感染和對(duì)癥治療,對(duì)照組患兒靜脈滴注頭孢曲松鈉50~80 mg/kg,1次/d。治療組患兒在對(duì)照組基礎(chǔ)上給予小兒肺熱咳喘口服液,具體用法:1歲以下患兒5 ml/次,2次/d;1~3歲患兒10 ml/次,3次/d。療程均為7 d,且治療期間注意患兒飲食及觀察患兒臨床癥狀、體征變化。
1.4 觀察指標(biāo)治療后判定兩組患兒臨床療效,比較兩組患兒治療前后干擾素γ(IFN-γ)、白介素4(IL-4)水平及Th1細(xì)胞分?jǐn)?shù)、Th2細(xì)胞分?jǐn)?shù)、Th1/Th2細(xì)胞百分比變化,并觀察治療期間兩組患兒不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生情況。
1.4.1 血清IFN-γ、IL-4水平檢測(cè)清晨空腹采集靜脈血3 ml,1 200 r/min離心,離心半徑為3 cm,分離血清,待檢。采用雙抗體夾心酶聯(lián)免疫吸附試驗(yàn)(ELISA)法測(cè)定血清IFN -γ和IL-4水平,操作步驟嚴(yán)格按照試劑盒說明書進(jìn)行操作。
1.4.2 Th1/和Th2細(xì)胞檢測(cè)取患者外周靜脈血3 m l,采用FACSCalibur流式細(xì)胞儀檢測(cè)Th1細(xì)胞分?jǐn)?shù)、Th2細(xì)胞分?jǐn)?shù),計(jì)算Th1/Th2細(xì)胞百分比。
1.5 臨床療效判定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)顯效:咳嗽、喘息及肺部啰音等臨床癥狀顯著改善;有效:咳嗽、喘息及肺部啰音等臨床癥狀好轉(zhuǎn),體溫恢復(fù)正常;無(wú)效:咳嗽、喘息及肺部啰音等臨床癥狀未見好轉(zhuǎn)或出現(xiàn)加重,其他臨床癥狀未見改善。
1.6 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法采用SPSS 19.0統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)軟件進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)處理,計(jì)量資料以(±s)表示,采用兩獨(dú)立樣本t檢驗(yàn);計(jì)數(shù)資料采用χ2檢驗(yàn);等級(jí)資料采用秩和檢驗(yàn)。以P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2.1 兩組患兒臨床療效比較試驗(yàn)組患兒臨床療效優(yōu)于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(u=1.816,P<0.05,見表2)。
表2 兩組患兒臨床療效比較〔n(%)〕Table 2 Comparison of clinical effect between the two groups
2.2 兩組患兒血清IFN-γ和IL-4水平比較治療前兩組患兒血清IFN-γ、IL-4水平比較,差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05);治療后試驗(yàn)組患兒血清IFN-γ、IL-4水平低于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05,見表3)。
表3 兩組患兒治療前后血清IFN-γ、IL-4水平比較(±s,μg/L)Table 3 Comparison of serum levels of IFN-γ,IL-4 between the two groups before and after treatment
表3 兩組患兒治療前后血清IFN-γ、IL-4水平比較(±s,μg/L)Table 3 Comparison of serum levels of IFN-γ,IL-4 between the two groups before and after treatment
注:IFN-γ=干擾素γ,IL-4=白介素4
組別例數(shù)IFN-γ治療前治療后對(duì)照組治療后IL-4治療前40 4.53±1.44 4.19±1.22 3.19±1.19 1.95±0.71試驗(yàn)組40 4.72±1.18 4.16±1.04 3.28±1.07 1.18±0.37 t 1.021 2.971 0.681 3.551 P值值0.605 0.005 0.523 0.001
2.3 兩組患兒Th1、Th2細(xì)胞分?jǐn)?shù)及Th1/Th2細(xì)胞百分比比較
治療前兩組患兒Th1、Th2細(xì)胞分?jǐn)?shù)及Th1/Th2細(xì)胞百分比比較,差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05);治療后試驗(yàn)組患兒Th1、Th2細(xì)胞分?jǐn)?shù)及Th1/Th2細(xì)胞百分比低于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05,見表4、圖1~2)。
表4 兩組患兒治療前后Th1細(xì)胞分?jǐn)?shù)、Th2細(xì)胞分?jǐn)?shù)及Th1/Th2細(xì)胞百分比比較(±s,%)Table 4 Comparison of Th1,Th2 cell counts and Th1/Th2 cell percentage between the two groups before and after treatment
表4 兩組患兒治療前后Th1細(xì)胞分?jǐn)?shù)、Th2細(xì)胞分?jǐn)?shù)及Th1/Th2細(xì)胞百分比比較(±s,%)Table 4 Comparison of Th1,Th2 cell counts and Th1/Th2 cell percentage between the two groups before and after treatment
組別例數(shù)Th1細(xì)胞分?jǐn)?shù)治療前治療后對(duì)照組40 11.17±2.19 8.29±2.51 3.53±1.32 2.15±0.98治療后Th2細(xì)胞分?jǐn)?shù)治療前治療后Th1/Th2細(xì)胞百分比治療前5.32±1.29 3.36±1.39試驗(yàn)組40 12.46±3.74 6.13±2.02 3.45±1.12 1.88±0.35 5.12±1.76 2.78±1.14 t 0.983 4.240 0.681 3.252 1.560 3.450 P值值0.312 0.000 0.602 0.032 0.104 0.002
圖1 兩組患兒Th1流式細(xì)胞圖Figure 1 Flow cytometry of Th1 between the two groups
圖2 兩組患兒Th2流式細(xì)胞圖Figure 2 Flow cytometry of Th2 between the two groups
毛細(xì)支氣管炎又稱“喘息性肺炎”,是嬰幼兒特有的呼吸道感染性疾病,其主要臨床表現(xiàn)為呼吸急促、發(fā)熱咳嗽、喘息憋悶及吸氣性胸部凹陷等[11]。目前,毛細(xì)支氣管炎的發(fā)病機(jī)制尚未明確,多數(shù)學(xué)者認(rèn)為其是由病毒直接作用所致,如流感病毒、鼻病毒、副流感病毒、人類偏肺病毒等,且50%以上是由吸道合胞病毒引起;還有學(xué)者認(rèn)同神經(jīng)致病機(jī)制及免疫病理機(jī)制等[12-13]。由于小兒為純陽(yáng)之體而易感邪化熱,因此,治療應(yīng)以清肅肺熱、解毒平喘為主[14]。小兒肺熱咳喘口服液方中所含麻杏石甘湯主宣肺止咳,白虎湯清熱生津,配以金銀花、魚腥草清理肺熱,知母、麥冬滋陰解郁除煩,組方合理精辟[15]。本研究結(jié)果顯示,小兒肺熱咳喘口服液可以降低毛細(xì)支氣管炎患兒Th1和Th2細(xì)胞水平,從而提高患兒免疫功能。
Smith等[16]研究顯示,毛細(xì)支氣管炎患兒因Th2源性細(xì)胞因子作用而易轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)橄?,臨床已證實(shí)支氣管哮喘發(fā)病機(jī)制是Th1/Th2細(xì)胞和功能失衡所致,且免疫學(xué)研究也顯示,毛細(xì)支氣管炎與哮喘的發(fā)病機(jī)制相似,均存在Th1/Th2細(xì)胞失調(diào)[17-18]。Th1細(xì)胞主要分泌IFN-γ,其能促使機(jī)體產(chǎn)生白介素12(IL-12),并形成正反饋調(diào)節(jié)。毛細(xì)支氣管炎急性期因抑制Th1細(xì)胞功能而不能誘導(dǎo)產(chǎn)生IFN-γ,而經(jīng)藥物治療后IFN-γ水平升高,提示IFN-γ早期就參與毛細(xì)支氣管炎的炎癥免疫過程[19]。毛細(xì)支氣管炎是由多種炎性細(xì)胞、炎性遞質(zhì)和細(xì)胞因子參與形成的慢性氣道炎癥,具有氣道高反應(yīng)性、可逆性氣道阻塞和氣道變應(yīng)性炎癥等臨床特征,其發(fā)病過程與Th活化并分泌多種細(xì)胞因子密切相關(guān)[17-18]。近年有研究顯示,Th1與Th2的失衡與哮喘發(fā)生關(guān)系密切[19]。正常情況下Th1產(chǎn)生IL-2、IFN-γ及腫瘤壞死因子α、β等多種細(xì)胞炎性因子,激活巨噬細(xì)胞而發(fā)生遲發(fā)超敏反應(yīng);Th2細(xì)胞產(chǎn)生IL -4、IL-5、IL-6、IL-10、IL-13等多種細(xì)胞炎性因子,誘導(dǎo)嗜酸粒細(xì)胞產(chǎn)生和募集及免疫球蛋白亞型轉(zhuǎn)化,從而產(chǎn)生IgE。這兩類細(xì)胞炎性因子表達(dá)的正常調(diào)節(jié)由Th1/Th2細(xì)胞功能的平衡決定。在上述諸多細(xì)胞炎性因子中,IL-4與IFN-γ互為拮抗作用,常用來(lái)反映Th1/Th2細(xì)胞的平衡[20]。Th2細(xì)胞主要分泌IL-4,其作用是誘導(dǎo)Th2細(xì)胞的生長(zhǎng)和分化,并能抑制Th1細(xì)胞產(chǎn)生IFN-γ,其在變應(yīng)性炎癥的發(fā)生發(fā)展中具有重要作用[20]。本研究結(jié)果顯示,治療后試驗(yàn)組患兒血清IFN-γ和IL-4水平低于對(duì)照組,且Th1細(xì)胞分?jǐn)?shù)、Th2細(xì)胞分?jǐn)?shù)及Th1/Th2細(xì)胞百分比低于對(duì)照組,提示小兒肺熱咳喘口服液可以降低毛細(xì)支氣管炎患兒Th1/Th2細(xì)胞水平。
綜上所述,小兒肺熱咳喘口服液治療小兒毛細(xì)支氣管炎臨床療效良好,可通過調(diào)節(jié)Th1/Th2細(xì)胞而增加患兒免疫功能,值得臨床推廣應(yīng)用。
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Im pact of Xiaoer-feire-kechuan O ral Solution on Th1/Th2 Cells of Infants w ith Bronchiolitis
LI Jing,DONG Yan,ZHANG Jing-jie,et al.
Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital of Changping District,Beijing 102208,China
Objective To explore the impact of xiaoer-feire-kechuan oral solution on Th1/Th2 cells of infants with bronchiolitis.M ethods A total of 80 infants with bronchiolitis that hospitalized in Department of Pediatrics,Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital of Changping District were selected from September 2013 to December 2014,and they were divided into experiment group and control group according to random number table,each of 40 cases.Infants of both groups were given anti-infectious therapy and symptomatic treatment according to clinical medication guides,and infants of control group were given extra intravenous drip of ceftriaxone sodium,while infants of experiment group were given extra xiaoer-feirekechuan oral solution based on the treatment of control group,both groups treated for 7 days.Clinical effect,serum levels of IFN -γ and IL-4,Th1 cell counts,Th2 cell counts and Th1/Th2 cell percentage before and after treatment were compared between the two groups,and incidence of adverse reactions were observed.Results The clinical effect of experiment group was statistically significantly better than that of control group(P<0.05).No statistically significant differences of serum levels of IFN-γ and IL-4,Th1 cell counts,Th2 cell counts or Th1/Th2 cell percentage were found between the two groups before treatment(P>0.05);while serum levels of IFN-γ and IL-4,Th1 cell counts,Th2 cell counts and Th1/Th2 cell percentage of experiment group were lower than those of control group after treatment(P<0.05).Conclusion Xiaoer-feire-kechuan oral solution can has a certainly good clinical effect on bronchiolitis in infants,it may adjust Th1/Th2 cells to improve the immune function.
Bronchiolitis;Feirekechuan oral liquid;Th1-Th2 balance
R 562.21
B
10.3969/j.issn.1008-5971.2015.04.038
2015-02-13;
2015-04-15)
(本文編輯:謝武英)
102208北京市昌平區(qū)中西醫(yī)結(jié)合醫(yī)院