朱 吉, 呂 川, 趙 輝, 王宇翀, 孫夢妍, 武 鎧, 邢 新, 薛春雨
作者單位:200433 上海,上海長海醫(yī)院 整形外科
巴氏腺膿腫造瘺術式的臨床觀察
朱 吉, 呂 川, 趙 輝, 王宇翀, 孫夢妍, 武 鎧, 邢 新, 薛春雨
作者單位:200433 上海,上海長海醫(yī)院 整形外科
目的 尋找一種治療巴氏腺膿腫的簡單有效方法。方法 自2011年1月至2012年6月,我們對12例會陰部巴氏腺膿腫患者采用造瘺術進行治療。局部麻醉下,于巴氏腺開口及其上方分別設計2個切口,排除腔內(nèi)膿液,橡膠半管貫穿兩切口留置腔內(nèi),端端縫合成環(huán)狀。術后每天換藥至無膿性分泌物。結(jié)果 12例患者置管期間均無不適主訴。4周后無困難取出環(huán)狀導管,巴氏腺膿腫愈合,產(chǎn)生2個上皮化的竇道。隨訪2年以上,膿腫無復發(fā)。結(jié)論 造瘺術是治療巴氏腺膿腫的一種簡單、安全、有效的方法,可作為巴氏腺膿腫的治療方法之一。
巴氏腺膿腫; 造瘺術; 會陰部
前庭大腺,又名巴氏腺,位于陰道口兩側(cè)。前庭大腺分腺體和導管兩部分,導管是1條長約2.0 cm的細長管道,專門輸送前庭大腺分泌的黏液,開口于小陰唇和處女膜之間的溝內(nèi),前庭大腺所分泌的黏液性物質(zhì)經(jīng)該管道輸送到陰道口起潤滑作用。巴氏腺平時不可觸及。如果前庭大腺管阻塞,分泌物積聚而成前庭大腺囊腫。一旦感染即形成膿腫。目前常規(guī)方法是切開引流或造口術[1-3],但引流管易脫落,膿腫易復發(fā)[4], 造口術則易造成愈合緩慢、血腫和感染[5]。自2011年1月至2012年6月,我們對會陰部巴氏腺膿腫的患者采用造瘺術進行治療,取得了滿意的效果。現(xiàn)報道如下。
本組患者共12例。均為女性;年齡28~38歲,平均31歲。病程4~10 d,膿腫長軸為3.0~5.0 cm,均有會陰部疼痛、紅腫,伴行走不適?;颊呔鶡o會陰部手術史,無性傳播疾病及婦科疾病。
患者取截石位,常規(guī)消毒鋪巾,2%利多卡因局部麻醉,于巴氏腺開口處作長約0.5 cm切口,于該切口上方2.0~3.0 cm處另設計一長約0.5 cm切口,切開皮膚后,以血管鉗鈍性分離至巴氏腺膿腔內(nèi),排除膿液,以雙氧水和洗必泰反復沖洗。將常規(guī)直徑約6.0 mm醫(yī)用橡膠管沿縱軸剪開,得到約6.0 cm 長半管,一端自一個切口置入,經(jīng)過殘腔由另一切口穿出,端端縫合成環(huán)狀。術后每天予雙氧水和洗必泰腔內(nèi)沖洗,直至無膿性分泌物,之后每周至門診復診換藥1次,要求患者在家中每次如廁之后以洗必泰清洗。
12例患者置管期間均無不適主訴,無留置管脫落。4周后無困難取出環(huán)狀導管,巴氏腺膿腫愈合,產(chǎn)生2個上皮化的竇道(圖1)。隨訪2年以上,均無復發(fā)。
約有2%的女性會發(fā)生巴氏腺囊腫,35~50歲的女性相對高發(fā),膿腫的發(fā)生率則是囊腫的3倍[6-7], 有癥狀的巴氏腺導管囊腫和巴氏腺膿腫均需要治療[8]。目前巴氏腺膿腫的治療方法主要有切開引流術和造口術[4,9-10],國外常采用Word導管留置造口[11-12],以上方法存在一些缺點,如局部炎性腫脹致引流不暢,引流管易滑脫,切口易粘連閉合,術后易復發(fā)[13-14]。其他治療方法包括腔內(nèi)注射高滲乙醇、碘酊、硝酸銀棒、激光和微波破壞囊壁,這些方法則易造成前庭大腺功能破壞。
我們在前人的基礎上加以改進[15],具有以下優(yōu)勢:⑴使用材料為醫(yī)用橡膠管,有彈性,質(zhì)較軟,長期留置患者無明顯不適,不影響患者的日常生活;⑵環(huán)狀縫合,留置半管不易滑脫; ⑶較長的留置時間足夠形成的管道上皮化,不易再次閉塞,降低復發(fā)率;⑷形成的2個管道將管道閉塞造成巴氏腺囊腫或膿腫的復發(fā)概率下降了50%;⑸保留腺體功能。為達到充分的效果,術中需要注意以下方面:⑴留置半管的大小約為醫(yī)用橡膠導管(管徑約6.0 mm)1/3周徑;本組中有1例曾留置頭皮針管,22個月后復發(fā),我們分析是管道太細不利于竇道上皮化,竇道閉塞,膿腫復發(fā);⑵2個切口必須明確與巴氏腺膿腔相通,避免2個切口在皮下形成無效通道。本術式取材方便,操作簡單易行,值得推廣。
圖1 左側(cè)巴氏腺膿腫行造瘺術治療前后對比 a.術前 b.術后即刻,膿腔內(nèi)放置環(huán)狀引流 c.術后4周拔除引流管后即刻,可見2個竇道口
Fig 1 Comparison between preview and postview of left bartholin gland abscess treated with fistulation. a. preview b. postview at once with a loop of tubing placed in the cavity. c. postview with two sinus tracts after drainage removal at 4 weeks.
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Clinical observation of fistulation for Bartholin gland abscess
ZHUJi,LYUChuan,ZHAOHui,etal.
(DepartmentofPlasticSurgery,ChanghaiHospital,SecondMilitaryMedicalUniversity,Shanghai200433,China)
Objective To explore a simple and effective method of treatment of a Bartholin gland abscess. Methods Between January 2011 and June 2012, 12 patients with Bartholin gland abscess were treated with fistulation in our department. Their clinical materials and follow-up results were retrospectively analyzed. Under local anesthetic, two incisions were made respectively in the area of the duct orifice and a loop of tubing was placed, allowing for drainage of the abscess. The abscess cavity was sterilized every day until there was no purulent secretion produced. Results The 12 patients with were with no complaints during the tube replacement. The Bartholin gland abscess healed with two epithelialized sinus tracts after the device was removed smoothly at 4 weeks postoperatively. There were no recurrences of Bartholin gland abscess after over 2 years following up. Conclusion Fistulation is a simple and effective method to treat Bartholin gland abscess.
Bartholin gland abscess; Fistulation; Perineum
朱 吉(1979-),女,江蘇人,主治醫(yī)師,博士.
薛春雨,200433,上海長海醫(yī)院 整形外科,電子信箱:xcyfun@sina.com
10.3969/j.issn.1673-7040.2015.07.010
R711.3
A
1673-7040(2015)07-0412-03
2015-04-10)