建筑設(shè)計(jì)：拜耳與施特羅貝爾建筑師事務(wù)所Architects： Bayer & Strobel Architekten

英格海姆墓葬教堂，英格海姆，德國(guó)

建筑設(shè)計(jì)：拜耳與施特羅貝爾建筑師事務(wù)所
Architects： Bayer & Strobel Architekten

1 主庭院與唐棣樹(shù)/Main courtyard with juneberrys

新墓地

英格海姆市中的每個(gè)社區(qū)都擁有各自的小型墓園，而基于對(duì)未來(lái)的預(yù)期，對(duì)墓地進(jìn)行擴(kuò)展的意義重大。這座計(jì)劃新建的城市主墓園選址于萊茵河畔的弗雷-魏因海姆區(qū)，通過(guò)2008年的設(shè)計(jì)競(jìng)賽確定由拜耳與施特羅貝爾建筑師事務(wù)所與jbbug景觀建筑師事務(wù)所合作進(jìn)行新墓地與墓葬教堂的設(shè)計(jì)。

寧與靜

作為墓地再設(shè)計(jì)的基本構(gòu)成元素，使用當(dāng)?shù)氐湫偷狞S灰色石材建造的大塊毛石墻，將墓地與街道隔離，圍合出一個(gè)安寧、沉靜的墓葬場(chǎng)所，同時(shí)也具有擋土墻的功能性作用，形成對(duì)入口區(qū)域和地形相對(duì)抬升的墓葬區(qū)域之間的分隔。

作為墓園的核心，墓葬教堂在立面與內(nèi)部均使用了毛石材料，自然而然地融為入口區(qū)域的一部分。由此，復(fù)雜的室內(nèi)外空間序列和精心調(diào)配的空間過(guò)渡得到實(shí)現(xiàn)，墓地與教堂融為不可分割的整體，帶來(lái)和諧的感知體驗(yàn)。

告別

墓葬教堂在這里不僅是悼念活動(dòng)的空間載體，更是孕育希望的場(chǎng)所。因此，通過(guò)朝向圍合庭院的大比例開(kāi)窗，葬禮大廳自身滲透出明亮友好的空間氛圍。教堂獨(dú)特的三角形屋頂截面，一方面突出了它在墓園建筑群組中的重要地位，另一方面也為教堂室內(nèi)營(yíng)造了既簡(jiǎn)單明了又莊重肅穆的空間感受。□（陳茜 譯）

項(xiàng)目信息/Credits and Data

主持建筑師/Principal Architects： Gunther Bayer， Peter Strobel

客戶/Client： Stadt Ingelheim am Rhein

景觀建筑師/Landscape Architects： jbbug Johannes B?ttger Büro Urbane Gestalt Landschaftsarchitekten

結(jié)構(gòu)工程師/Structural Engineers： Ingenieur-Gesellschaft TRAGWERK Angnes + Rohde mbH

暖通工程師/HVAC Engineering： Planungsbüro Stoffel Ingenieurbüro für Haustechnik

承建方/Construction： Karl Gemünden GmbH & Co. KG，Ingelheim

建筑面積/Floor Area： 1042.75m2

造價(jià)/Cost： 1，600，000 EUR

設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)間/Design Period： 2008.10

建造時(shí)間/Construction Period： 2011.01-2012.05

攝影/Photos： Christian K?hler（fig. 1，2）， Peter Strobel（fig. 4-6）

The new cemetery

Each neighborhood of the city of Ingelheim has its own small cemetery. However， a significant extension to one of the cemeteries was deemed necessary. The intended new main cemetery of Ingelheim will be in Frei-Weinheim， a district adjacent to the river Rhine. The design of the new cemetery and funeral chapel was decided in a 2008 competition， won by Bayer & Strobel Architects together with jbbug Landschaftsarchitektur.

Peace and quiet

As an essential element in the redesign of the funeral chapel， massive yellow-gray locally quarried stone walls were erected. These walls block off the cemetery and its chapel from the street；the enclosure thereby acts as a place of peace and contemplation. The stone also serves as a retaining wall that separates the entrance area from the more elevated parts of the cemetery used for burials.

Serving as the heart of the cemetery， the funeral chapel is made into a natural part of the entrance area through the use of stone for its fa?ade as well as in its interior. The result is a sophisticated series of interior and exterior spaces， with finely modulated transitions. With the commonality of materials， the cemetery and the funeral chapel are perceived as a harmonious unit， inseparable from each other.

Farewell

Being not only a space of mourning， but also a place of hope， the chapel's central hall exudes a bright and friendly atmosphere， thanks to large picture windows that have open views into patiolike courtyards. To mark the chapel's hierarchical significance within the cemetery complex， it is clearly marked with a large gabled roof. This creates an interior that feels dignified and solemn， as well as simple and appropriate to its purpose.□

2 北立面/North elevation

3 平面/Plan

1- 葬禮堂/Funeral chapel

2- 觀視堂/Viewing chamber

3- 走廊/Corridor

4- 儲(chǔ)藏室/Storage

5- 神父室/Priest office

6- 殯葬服務(wù)人員辦公室/Mortician office

7- 員工衛(wèi)生間/Staff lavatory

8- 員工辦公室/Staff office

9- 主管辦公室/Director office

10- 小門(mén)廳/Small foyer

11- 骨灰存放室/Urns storage

12- 冷藏室/Refrigeration room

13- 側(cè)門(mén)/Side entrance

14- 公共衛(wèi)生間/Toliet facilities

15- 主庭院/Main courtyard

16- 正門(mén)/Main gate

17- 天井/Patio

18- 小庭院/Small courtyard

評(píng)論

胡越：德國(guó)建筑，一貫的那么精致、簡(jiǎn)潔，細(xì)節(jié)一絲不茍，看了讓人感覺(jué)非常舒服。當(dāng)?shù)氐臏\黃色毛石墻清水混凝土、玻璃以及木材的熟練運(yùn)用，讓這座建筑在靜謐的氛圍中充滿光線。讓我想起歌德在感到死亡將近時(shí)說(shuō)的那句話：“我不會(huì)因此而感到不安，太陽(yáng)看起來(lái)好像是沉下去了，實(shí)際不是沉下去而是不斷地輝耀著?！?/p>

丁垚：墓葬教堂需要營(yíng)造節(jié)制、淡然的氛圍，因此這類建筑往往有著簡(jiǎn)潔的形式語(yǔ)言和空間表現(xiàn)。英格海姆墓葬教堂外墻的水平線條突出了一個(gè)抽象的尖頂，除去一個(gè)門(mén)洞，入口立面再無(wú)其他開(kāi)口。尖頂內(nèi)部是教堂的空間，頂部打開(kāi)，灑下的天光塑造出教堂的儀式感，也昭示著尖頂在外部形態(tài)上的符號(hào)性。坡頂外廓近年來(lái)成了流行的做法，而不再出于屋頂構(gòu)法的必須。配合功能組織和氛圍需求，圍繞教堂空間布置著3個(gè)院落，天光的力量被教堂向院落開(kāi)放的水平界面以及木材的色溫削弱，給人和緩的感覺(jué)。屋頂厚板與墻壁材質(zhì)的分割塑造的流動(dòng)感、散置的院落、連續(xù)的豎向線條隔斷、高聳的教堂空間、配合院落景致的水平開(kāi)窗和坡頂外廓，這也許是一首現(xiàn)代語(yǔ)言的折衷歌。

4 小庭院/Small courtyard

5 天井/Patio

Comments

HU Yue: Refined， concise and meticulous as ever， this German building looks very comfortable in its setting. Its intelligent use of materials， such as the local yellow stone rubble wall， bare concrete， and glass， and the surrounding woods instills the building with sunlight，even during a solemn occasion. This building reminds me of what Goethe said about his death： "I will not feel unease for this. The sun looks like it had set， but it did not. It continues to shine."

DING Yao: Funeral chapels are intended to create an abstemious and serene atmosphere； these sorts of buildings usually utilize a concise language and spatial expression. The horizontal line found on the exterior wall of the Ingelheim Funeral Chapel highlights an abstract spire. There are no other openings on the entrance facade besides a doorway. Under this spire is the chapel itself. The sunlight streaming through the open spire creates a sense of ritual in the chapel，and represents the spire's external form. No longer a necessary part of the roof structure， highlighting this external contour has been a popular practice in recent years. To meet the requirements of function，organization， and atmosphere， three courtyards are distributed around the chapel. The sunlight is hence compromised by the chapel's horizontal interface to these courtyards， and together with the ambience of the woods， it creates a feeling of serenity and sluggishness. The fluidity shaped by the segregation of thick roof timbers and wall materials， complicit with scattered courtyards， consecutive vertical partitions，the high-rise chapel space， and the yard landscape （horizontal windows and sloppy external contousr）， all together compose a musical composition in a modern design language.

Funeral Chapel Ingelheim， Ingelheim， Germany， 2012

6 帶有天光的葬禮堂/Interior of funeral chapel with zenithal light