By Hossam Hussein 譯/陳杰

中國(guó)與南南合作經(jīng)驗(yàn)談

China and South - South Cooperation Experiences

By Hossam Hussein 譯/陳杰

研修班學(xué)員參觀杭州產(chǎn)業(yè)園區(qū)

2015年5月12日到6月1日，我第二次來到中國(guó)，參加由中國(guó)商務(wù)部主辦、中國(guó)國(guó)家外國(guó)專家局承辦的“發(fā)展中國(guó)家智力引進(jìn)和國(guó)際化人才培養(yǎng)管理官員研修班”。我第一次來中國(guó)是參加發(fā)展中國(guó)家優(yōu)惠貸款培訓(xùn)，學(xué)習(xí)如何向中國(guó)申請(qǐng)優(yōu)惠貸款，以及中國(guó)如何應(yīng)對(duì)2008年金融危機(jī)的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。

For the second time, I was nominated by my Country “Egypt” to participate in a “Seminar for Introducing Foreign Expertise and Global Professionals” organized by the State Administration for Foreign Expertise Affairs(SAFEA) and sponsored by the Chinese Ministry of Commerce on the period from May 12- June 1, 2015 in Beijing and Hangzhou. This is my second experience in China as in the first one it was for a Seminar on Chinese Concessional loans to Developing Countries that we discussed at the time the mechanisms for any Country to apply for this loans besides how China faced the financial crisis that took place in 2008.

在這次活動(dòng)中，我和其他發(fā)展中國(guó)家學(xué)員一起參觀了北京和杭州的眾多企業(yè)、機(jī)構(gòu)，例如吉利汽車、智慧E谷、中國(guó)計(jì)量科學(xué)院和萬向集團(tuán)等。我對(duì)所參觀的中國(guó)企業(yè)充滿興趣，這些企業(yè)取得了很大成就，尤其是在可持續(xù)發(fā)展領(lǐng)域，我希望這些企業(yè)能來我們國(guó)家投資。此外，在研修中我們也了解了中國(guó)始終堅(jiān)持對(duì)外開放的政策，學(xué)習(xí)了中國(guó)如何借鑒其他國(guó)家的發(fā)展經(jīng)驗(yàn)，如何吸引海外人才等方面的措施。

In this Seminar I and my fellow participants from developing countries have got the opportunity to visit different Chinese companies like BOE, Geely, E-intelligence valley, Inventronics, Zhejiang Jingu Wheel Group, China National Institute for Metrology, Alice Rose Technology and Sino-Yacht Eagle. I was so interested about the Chinese companies we visited through this seminar to come and investin our countries due to their massive achievements especially with regard to sustainable development. Besides lectures enriched with good practices of how China benefit from other experiences and attracting overseas foreign experiences in the light of Chinese continuous open-up policy to the outside world.

善于學(xué)習(xí) 廣泛借鑒

Learning from foreign experiences

結(jié)合自己和其他學(xué)者的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，我認(rèn)為中國(guó)善于從自身及其他國(guó)家的發(fā)展經(jīng)驗(yàn)中學(xué)習(xí)，而且這種學(xué)習(xí)已經(jīng)制度化，形成了慣例，這一點(diǎn)從中國(guó)國(guó)家主席習(xí)近平的政策就可以看出：廣泛借鑒其他國(guó)家的發(fā)展經(jīng)驗(yàn)。

According to my experience beside other scholars in development experience, we found that China has institutionalized a learning process to capture lessons from its own experience and that of others; that was reflected in the policy of the Chinese new leader Xi Jinping no matter from where comes development through learning from foreign experiences. This led to Chinese leaders to call Chinese overseas to return back to China, the role of an overseas Chinese in the development of the mainland’s economy has repeatedly been emphasized as a key factor for China’s overall ascension into the global competitive arena.

在這樣的背景下，中國(guó)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人鼓勵(lì)海外華人回國(guó)發(fā)展。海外華人在中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展中所發(fā)揮的巨大作用，不斷地被認(rèn)為是中國(guó)在全球競(jìng)爭(zhēng)中保持強(qiáng)大競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的關(guān)鍵因素。

A few years ago, Beijing officials publicly encouraged foreign-living Chinese to return to the motherland and contribute to China’s imminent prosperity. From the perspective of the government officials, the motivation to promote their return is clear. Overseas Chinese bring with them a wealth of trade contacts, new ideas and capital, all of which will inevitably add value and more stability to an economy that is bursting at the seams.

幾年前，北京政府就開始鼓勵(lì)居住在海外的華人回國(guó)，為中國(guó)的美好明天努力奮斗。政府鼓勵(lì)海外人才回國(guó)的態(tài)度很明確，海外華人帶回了一批貿(mào)易合同、資金和新的觀念，保證了中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)的持續(xù)穩(wěn)定發(fā)展。當(dāng)今，這些“回流者”很自然地在本地勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)占有獨(dú)特優(yōu)勢(shì)，隨后，他們會(huì)在中國(guó)品牌向海外進(jìn)軍中占據(jù)重要的地位。

The so-called “returnees” have naturally a distinct advantage today over the local Chinese, and subsequently, they hold many desirable positions in multinational companies in China.

但我認(rèn)為，中國(guó)除了建立相關(guān)法律和法規(guī)來吸引管理海外人才來華工作、長(zhǎng)期定居之外，應(yīng)使用競(jìng)爭(zhēng)性人才系統(tǒng)以提高執(zhí)政能力建設(shè)和人力資源升級(jí)，以吸引人才和海外專家來中國(guó)工作。

However China needs a competitive intelligence system in capacity building and human resources upgrading to attract talents and foreign experts to work in China besides issuing laws and regulations to organize the attraction of foreign talents to come, work and even living in China.

我也很喜歡此次承辦單位國(guó)家外國(guó)專家局培訓(xùn)中心介紹的項(xiàng)目管理職業(yè)認(rèn)證（PMP），國(guó)際公共管理協(xié)會(huì)職業(yè)認(rèn)證（IPMA-CP）以及管理會(huì)計(jì)認(rèn)證（CMA）等證書，我認(rèn)為這些證書對(duì)于國(guó)際貿(mào)易，對(duì)于不同行業(yè)的管理者都非常重要，是人力資源開發(fā)和企業(yè)實(shí)施戰(zhàn)略和促進(jìn)發(fā)展的重要工具。這些職業(yè)資格認(rèn)證在華為、中石化的發(fā)展中，在組織北京奧運(yùn)會(huì)、上海世博會(huì)等項(xiàng)目中都得到了應(yīng)用。

Also, I like the knowledge introduced by Training Center of SAFEA that hosts the Seminar are providing Project Management Professional (PMP) International Public Management Association- Certified Professional(IPMA-CP) and Certified Management Accountant (CMA) which is so important to international business, different professionals in managerial positions; most important is Human Resources Development and method to implement strategy and promote enterprises development.

我在此次培訓(xùn)期間還觀察到：中國(guó)通過開發(fā)歷史古跡和景觀吸引世界各國(guó)的旅游者，發(fā)展旅游業(yè)。北京的長(zhǎng)城、故宮、天壇、國(guó)家博物館、杭州的龍井村以及令人驚嘆的西湖，我不僅通過游覽，在有關(guān)“西湖重建和西溪濕地國(guó)家公園保護(hù)項(xiàng)目”授課中更體驗(yàn)到了這一點(diǎn)。

Such Certifications was reflected in the development and growth of Shenzhen Huawei Technology Co., Ltd, Shanghai World Expo and the organization & management in the Olympic Games 2008 and in China Petroleum & Chemical Corp (Sinopec).

Tourism was another sector that developed a lot in China nowadays by exploiting Chinese History and Historical sites in attracting tourists to visit China and Personally, I noticed that not even in my visit to the Great Wall, the Forbidden City, Kong Fu Theatre Show, and Temple ofHeaven, the National Museum, old Beijing besides Hangzhou which we visited the Green Tea and the amazing West Lake but also in the reformation process in “West Lake renovation andXixi Wetland National Park Renovationprojects”.

One of the most important challenges that China faces is in developing eco-tourism to fulfill sustainable development of tourismand combating pollution which I found it will be easy due to the Will not only of the Government of China, but also the Chinese People themselves.

開發(fā)旅游經(jīng)濟(jì)滿足旅游業(yè)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展及其環(huán)保需要，中國(guó)在這方面面臨嚴(yán)峻挑戰(zhàn)，這不僅需要中國(guó)政府努力，更需要中國(guó)民眾自身的努力。

關(guān)于此次培訓(xùn)的收獲，我想指出其中非常重要的一點(diǎn)：中國(guó)每個(gè)省份都有自己獨(dú)特的發(fā)展經(jīng)驗(yàn)，如果未來中國(guó)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人可以將各個(gè)省份的發(fā)展結(jié)合起來制定未來的經(jīng)濟(jì)政策，我認(rèn)為這會(huì)促進(jìn)中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展，并進(jìn)一步消除貧困。

中國(guó)國(guó)際扶貧中心:南南合作范例

IPRCC :the SSC tool as a vivid example

以一個(gè)高級(jí)經(jīng)濟(jì)研究員的經(jīng)驗(yàn)而言，我認(rèn)為此次研修班就是中國(guó)就南南合作向我們提供的一個(gè)優(yōu)秀范例：它體現(xiàn)出雙贏的本質(zhì)，在雙贏的基礎(chǔ)上向其他發(fā)展中國(guó)家提供支持，從而創(chuàng)造出更平衡的世界經(jīng)濟(jì)。

With regards to my experience as a Senior Economic Researcher, I found in this seminar how China exploited the SSC tool as a vivid example of the mutually beneficial nature of SSC through its successful experience in a win-win situation to supplement developing countries which can create a more balanced world economy.

在發(fā)展中國(guó)家建立溝通橋梁和交流發(fā)展經(jīng)驗(yàn)的過程中，中國(guó)發(fā)揮了關(guān)鍵作用。中國(guó)目前是非洲的第一大貿(mào)易伙伴，為非洲的發(fā)展進(jìn)程助力，在能源、農(nóng)業(yè)、健康和基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)等領(lǐng)域中建立了商貿(mào)關(guān)系。拉丁美洲是非洲的第三大進(jìn)口和第四大出口地區(qū)，此外，中國(guó)在東盟和上海合作組織中發(fā)揮的作用，已經(jīng)產(chǎn)生了重要的經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)效益，同時(shí)增強(qiáng)和加深了與發(fā)展中國(guó)家的政治紐帶及友誼。

China had a pivotal-role in building bridges of development experiences and best practices exchange between Southern Countries, China is currently Africa first trade partner with offering helping hand to the African development agenda resulted in business partnerships in sectors of energy, agriculture, health and infrastructure, and Latin America third largest importer and fourth largest exporter, besides its role with the ASEAN States and Shanghai Cooperation Organization has yielded significant political, social and economic benefits with friendship and strong political ties with many developing countries.

我有一個(gè)很好的中國(guó)促進(jìn)南南合作的例子：中國(guó)國(guó)際扶貧中心，該中心2005年在聯(lián)合國(guó)開發(fā)計(jì)劃署、世界銀行、亞洲發(fā)展銀行和英國(guó)國(guó)際發(fā)展部的支持下由中國(guó)政府成立，是南南國(guó)家間學(xué)習(xí)交流及能力建設(shè)平臺(tái)。

We have a good example of south-south cooperation Chinese experience which is the International Poverty Reduction Center in China (IPRCC) that is supported by the UNDP, World Bank, Asian Development Bank and UK department for international development to serve as a platform for South-South learning and capacity development established in 2005 by the Government of China.

中國(guó)國(guó)際扶貧中心代表中國(guó)參與了包括有關(guān)南南合作工作組及其他高層次國(guó)際活動(dòng)，例如在哥倫比亞首都波哥大，該中心作為一個(gè)公共機(jī)構(gòu)的范例，回答了其他發(fā)展中國(guó)家官員的疑問：為何中國(guó)有能力維持和不斷加強(qiáng)自身能力建設(shè)，而我們國(guó)家卻被人才流失的問題困擾。

IPRCC has represented China in several international form including the Task Team on South-South Cooperation and the associated High Level event on South-South Cooperation, in Bogota, Colombia offering a useful institutional model that is relevant to other countries and answering the questions of African officials “How come China is able to develop and retain its implementation capacity, whereas our countries suffer from brain-drain?”

在參加國(guó)家外專局組織的培訓(xùn)期間，我了解了中國(guó)如何深入?yún)⑴c亞洲地區(qū)的發(fā)展與共享，中國(guó)聯(lián)合日本和韓國(guó)，成為東南亞國(guó)家聯(lián)盟+3的模式，促進(jìn)地區(qū)和經(jīng)濟(jì)的合作融合；此外，中國(guó)還是金磚國(guó)家組織的成員國(guó)，金磚五國(guó)占有30%以上的世界生產(chǎn)總值，對(duì)世界經(jīng)濟(jì)的影響力也越來越大。

During SAFEA’s seminar, I realized that how China participate in Asia’s deepening regionalism to bring shared prosperity especially in joining with Japan and The Republic of Korea the process of ASEAN Economic Community creating ASEAN+3 with progress on regional and financial cooperation and integration; Also China participation in BRICS (Brazil-Russia-India-South Africa and China) accounting more than 30% of global domestic product and gaining greater influence in world economy.

就我個(gè)人而言，我仍然認(rèn)為南南合作在國(guó)際發(fā)展合作中具有重要意義，是南北合作的有益補(bǔ)充，例如在有關(guān)艾滋病防治的2008年阿克拉行動(dòng)議程第三次高層論壇上，我充分理解了中國(guó)如何在國(guó)際活動(dòng)中發(fā)揮作用。

For me, it’s important to reaffirm that SSC plays an important role in international development cooperation and is a valuable complement to North-South Cooperation according to what agreed in Accra Agenda for Action Third High Level Forum on AID Effectiveness, 2008, which was my observation on how China ensured that role.

國(guó)家外國(guó)專家局是另一個(gè)促進(jìn)南南合作的公共機(jī)構(gòu)的代表，外專局通過制定適當(dāng)?shù)囊泼裾吆屯鈬?guó)人來華工作的法律法規(guī)，來促進(jìn)知識(shí)共享以及吸引外國(guó)人才來華工作。

SAFEA in China is another institution model for SSC through knowledge share and attracting foreign talents to work in China by setting laws and regulations to be suitable for immigration and foreign experts working in China.

培訓(xùn)期間，主講人與我們討論了中國(guó)的新戰(zhàn)略“一帶一路”，實(shí)施該戰(zhàn)略會(huì)加強(qiáng)中國(guó)與外部世界的國(guó)際關(guān)系，具有巨大的合作潛力?，F(xiàn)韓國(guó)和日本實(shí)施的“海外工程師計(jì)劃”和“一村一品”，也可以成為南南合作很好的合作平臺(tái)。

The lecturers discussed with the participants in this seminar the Chinese new policy “One Belt and One Road” initiatives, to enhance international relations with the outside world is a great potential; also “overseas engineers plan” and “One Village-One Product” that is now implemented with the Republic of Korea and Japan, can be also great platform for SSC.

由此，我建議將來研修班可以命名為“引進(jìn)國(guó)外智力：開發(fā)南南合作潛力”，因?yàn)槲蚁嘈拍夏虾献骺梢源龠M(jìn)各國(guó)快速學(xué)習(xí)其他國(guó)家破解發(fā)展難題的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，并為發(fā)展中國(guó)家這個(gè)集體提供新思路。

From that, I suggested that the future Seminar should be titled“Introducing Foreign Experts; South-South Cooperation Potentials”, as I always believed that SSC enables countries to quickly learn about how others have tackled pressing development challenges and providing inspiration for the development community.

多極化的世界呈現(xiàn)多種發(fā)展方向，在將來的研修班中，中國(guó)和其他發(fā)展中國(guó)家應(yīng)該共同克服挑戰(zhàn)，聯(lián)系協(xié)調(diào)各國(guó)，致力于研究能夠應(yīng)用于實(shí)踐的知識(shí)和經(jīng)驗(yàn)，總結(jié)正反兩方面的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，形成新的發(fā)展模式。該研修班可以將地區(qū)及當(dāng)?shù)氐陌l(fā)展經(jīng)驗(yàn)傳播出去，形成最適當(dāng)?shù)陌l(fā)展方案，促進(jìn)南南合作的多元化發(fā)展，形成多邊合作新范例，總結(jié)最好的實(shí)踐發(fā)展經(jīng)驗(yàn)。（作者Hossam Hussein為埃及國(guó)際合作部官員）

In this future Seminar China and other Developing Countries will overcome challenges that the world faces in connecting, coordinating and capturing the useable knowledge and experiences that will help shape and take new development models to scale with more lessons learned about what works and what doesn’t, as in a multipolar world development has become multidirectional. So, in this Seminar SSC can unleash the power of regional and local knowledge and forge best-fit development solutions; addressing Diversity of SSC and Triangular new models and best practices.

位于巴基斯坦的恰?，敽穗娬居芍袊?guó)設(shè)計(jì)建造，被譽(yù)為南南合作的典范