主謂一致考點歸納

龍國濤

在英語句子中，謂語動詞的形式應(yīng)與主語的人稱和數(shù)保持一致。近幾年來，高考關(guān)于該內(nèi)容的考查主要集中在意義一致、形式一致、承前一致以及就近一致幾個方面。

[意義一致原則]

只要句子的主語是單數(shù)意義，則謂語用單數(shù)；句子的主語是復(fù)數(shù)意義，則謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。

規(guī)則1 不可數(shù)名詞作主語，一律視為單數(shù)。以s結(jié)尾的國名、地名、機構(gòu)名、書名，如：the United States， the United Nations等作主語，視為單數(shù)；有些不可數(shù)名詞如：news、 maths、 physics等雖然以s結(jié)尾，但不是復(fù)數(shù)。

規(guī)則2 表示單一概念的動名詞、不定式或從句作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)?！皁ne/either/neither/each of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞或代詞”作主語時，謂語用單數(shù)。如：

When and where to go for the on salary holiday has not been decided yet.

何時何地度帶薪假還未決定。

Either of the stories is very ridiculous.

要么兩個故事中有一個是極其荒謬的。

規(guī)則3 something，nothing，somebody，nobody，no one等不定代詞作主語，謂語通常用單數(shù)。如：

Nothing is impossible to a willing heart.

事上無難事，只怕有心人。

規(guī)則4 表示時間、金錢、距離、重量等的復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語，通常看作一個整體，謂語動詞常用單數(shù)。如：

Twenty pounds was missing from the wallet.

錢包里掉了20鎊。

規(guī)則5 a series of， a kind of， a piece of， a pair of 等修飾名詞，通常以量詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式來決定謂語的單復(fù)數(shù)。如：

Two series of new books have been ordered.

兩個系列的新書已被預(yù)訂。

規(guī)則6 “a number of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”意為“許多……”，是復(fù)數(shù)意義；“the number of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”意為“……的數(shù)目”，是單數(shù)意義。the population of...意為“……的人口數(shù)量”，作主語時，謂語用單數(shù)形式；但如果是“分數(shù)/百分數(shù)/half of/the rest of+the population”作主語時，謂語則用復(fù)數(shù)形式，因為具體指其中的多少人，是復(fù)數(shù)意義。如：

The number of the students in our school is quite large and a number of teachers work hard.

我校學(xué)生數(shù)目眾多而且許多老師工作很努力。

規(guī)則7 “the+adj.”結(jié)構(gòu)指人時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；如果表示抽象的概念，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。如：

Even the wise are not always free from mistakes.

即使智者也難免犯錯。

規(guī)則8 分數(shù)、百分數(shù)及all，some，the rest，half of， most of，part of等作主語時，謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)根據(jù)其指代的含義確定。如：

The rest of the workers are still very tired.

其余的工人仍舊很疲憊。

All he said is wrong.

他說的都是錯的。

點撥 all he said為一個整體概念，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。

規(guī)則9 主語為集體名詞時，如果表示一個整體，謂語動詞用單數(shù)；如果指其中的個體，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。常見的有：army，audience，cattle，class，club，committee， crowd，family，government，group，majority，minority， people，police，public，staff，team等，其中cattle，people，police一般看成復(fù)數(shù)形式。

規(guī)則10 當and連接的兩個并列主語在意義上指同一人、同一物、同一事或者同一概念時，應(yīng)看作單數(shù)，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。另外，當and連接兩個形容詞修飾一個單數(shù)形式的主語時，其實是指兩種不同的事物，主語則應(yīng)該看作是復(fù)數(shù)。如：

War and peace is a constant theme in history.

戰(zhàn)爭與和平是歷史永恒的主題。

Chinese and Japanese silk are of good quality.

中日兩國絲綢都是高品質(zhì)的。

規(guī)則11 what引導(dǎo)的主語從句作主語時，謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于作表語的名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：

What surprised me most was his attitude towards his study.

讓我吃驚的是他的學(xué)習態(tài)度。

規(guī)則12 such作主語時，謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式要根據(jù)其意義而定。如：

Such is Stephen Hawking， who has suffered a great deal but achieved so much.

這就是史蒂文·霍金，身患重疾而又成就非凡。

規(guī)則13 “quantities of+名詞”作主語時，不論名詞是復(fù)數(shù)還是不可數(shù)，謂語一律用復(fù)數(shù)。如：

Every day quantities of water are wasted.

每天都有大量的水被浪費。

Large quantities of food were carried to the city.

大量的水被運往該市。

[形式一致原則]

主語和謂語在語法形式上取得一致：主語是單數(shù)形式，謂語也采取單數(shù)形式；主語是復(fù)數(shù)形式，謂語亦采取復(fù)數(shù)形式。

規(guī)則1 every/each/no修飾單數(shù)名詞，以及and連接的兩個有every/each/no修飾的單數(shù)名詞作主語時，謂語用單數(shù)形式。如：

Every boy and every girl is practicing yoga.

每個男生和女生都在練瑜伽。

規(guī)則2 “more than one/many a+單數(shù)名詞”作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。如：

More than one student has failed the exam.

不止一個學(xué)生考試不及格。

[就近一致原則]

規(guī)則 當連詞or，not ... but ...，either ... or ...， neither ... nor ...，not only ... but （also） ...等連接兩個名詞或代詞作主語時，謂語動詞的形式一般與最靠近的詞語保持一致。如：

Either I or they are responsible for the result of the matter.

要么我要么他們?yōu)榇耸碌暮蠊撠煛?/p>

Not only you but also Luca is to blame for the accident.

你和盧卡都要為這次事故擔責。

One or perhaps more pages are missing.

一頁，或者不止一頁書不見了。

[承前一致原則]

規(guī)則 主語后接介詞with，together with，along with，except，besides，as well as，in，of等連接的詞語時，謂語動詞的數(shù)要和這些短語前面的名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)保持一致。如：

Mr. Smith together with his children goes to the park every Sunday.

史密斯先生和孩子們每周日都去公園。

The famous musician， as well as his students， was invited to the opening ceremony.

著名音樂家和弟子們都受邀出席開幕式。

The teacher， as well as his students， is going to see the film this afternoon.

老師和學(xué)生今天下午都會去看這部電影。

[高考鏈接]

例1 （2014·安徽卷）The pilot， as well as two of the passengers escaped death in the air crash.

A. have B. has

C. is D. are

解析 B?？疾閯釉~時態(tài)和主謂一致。主語the pilot是單數(shù)，根據(jù)escaped可以推斷出題干時態(tài)是現(xiàn)在完成時。

例2 （2015·天津卷）English is a language shared by several diverse cultures， each of which it differently.

A.have used B.use

C.used D.uses

解析 D?？疾闀r態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：英語是一種被好幾種不同文化共同使用的語言，每一種文化對字的使用它都是不同的。首先從主句使用一般現(xiàn)在時可推斷，定語從句中也應(yīng)用此時態(tài)，所以先排除A項和C項，又從句中的主語是each of which指幾種文化中的每一種，是單數(shù)概念。

例3 （2013·陜西卷）As often the case with the children， Amy was better by the time the doctor arrived.

A. is B. are

C. was D. were

解析 A?？疾橹髦^一致。as在此句中引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，同時在句中作主語，指代的是一個單數(shù)概念。

[練習]

1.The family as well as their dog in the ruins by the earthquake.

A.was trapped B.trapped

C.were trapped D.trapping

2.Britain many other industrialized countries， major changes over the last 100 years.

A.together with/have experienced

B.as well as/have experienced

C.in common with/has experienced

D.instead of/has experienced

3.As a result of destroying the forests， a large of desert covered the land.

A.number/has B.quantity/has

C.number/have D.quantity/have

4.Is it he or you in charge of the job and supposed to complete it punctually？

A.who is B.that is

C.who are D.whom are

5.An average of about 100 emails a week

received. Such the case with Martin at present.

A.are/are B.is/is

C.is/are D.are/is

6.Professor James will give us a lecture on the Western culture， but when and where yet.

A.hasnt been decided

B.havent decided

C.isnt being decided

D.arent decided

7. The style and the color of the sofa （都很完美） for what we want. （perfect）

8. Every teacher and every student （習慣了） the new classroom during the earthquake. （use）

9. Now many a scientist （想成為牛頓第二）. （want）

10. A library with five thousand books （送給） the nation as a gift last year. （offer）

11. When and where to build the new factory （還未決定）. （decide）

12. In the house nothing but the books and the pictures on the wall （屬于我）. （belong）

[參考答案]

1～6.CCBCDA

7. are perfect for

8. is/was used to

9. wants to be like Newton

10. was offered

11. has not been decided yet

12. belongs to me