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      新型2-取代芐基硫代嘧啶衍生物的合成及其細(xì)胞毒性*

      2016-01-17 08:59:49顧一飛王超杰曹欽坡張孝松陳鵬舉蔣騰飛邵坤鵬張秋榮劉宏民鄭州大學(xué)藥學(xué)院新藥創(chuàng)制與藥物安全新評(píng)價(jià)河南省協(xié)同創(chuàng)新中心河南鄭州450001
      合成化學(xué) 2015年6期
      關(guān)鍵詞:合成嘧啶

      顧一飛,王超杰,曹欽坡,張孝松,陳鵬舉,蔣騰飛,邵坤鵬,李 博,可 鈺,張秋榮,劉宏民(鄭州大學(xué)藥學(xué)院新藥創(chuàng)制與藥物安全新評(píng)價(jià)河南省協(xié)同創(chuàng)新中心,河南鄭州 450001)

      ?

      新型2-取代芐基硫代嘧啶衍生物的合成及其細(xì)胞毒性*

      顧一飛,王超杰,曹欽坡,張孝松,陳鵬舉,
      蔣騰飛,邵坤鵬,李博,可鈺,張秋榮,劉宏民
      (鄭州大學(xué)藥學(xué)院新藥創(chuàng)制與藥物安全新評(píng)價(jià)河南省協(xié)同創(chuàng)新中心,河南鄭州450001)

      摘要:以乙酰乙酸乙酯和硫脲為起始原料,經(jīng)環(huán)合、取代、氯代和親核取代反應(yīng)合成了16個(gè)新型的2-取代芐基硫代嘧啶衍生物(7a~7p),其結(jié)構(gòu)經(jīng)1H NMR,13C NMR和HR-MS表征。細(xì)胞毒性測(cè)試結(jié)果表明:6-甲基-4-對(duì)氯苯胺-2-芐基硫代嘧啶(7b)和6-甲基-4-對(duì)溴苯胺-2-芐基硫代嘧啶(7c)對(duì)MGC-803(人胃癌細(xì)胞)具有較好的抑制活性,其IC50分別為3.126 μg·mL-1和2.197 μg·mL-1,優(yōu)于5-氟尿嘧啶(IC503.208 μg·mL-1)。

      關(guān)鍵詞:嘧啶;硫脲嘧啶衍生物;合成;細(xì)胞毒性

      E-mail:liuhm@ zzu.edu.cn

      嘧啶類(lèi)化合物具有抗微生物[1-3]、抗病毒[4]及抗腫瘤[5-10]等。對(duì)該類(lèi)化合物的分子設(shè)計(jì)、合成及生物活性的研究是當(dāng)前新藥研究的熱點(diǎn)之一[11]。5-氟脲嘧啶(5-FU),氟特嗪和硫鳥(niǎo)嘌呤[12]等作為嘧啶類(lèi)似物,主要用于治療腫瘤。通過(guò)結(jié)構(gòu)分析發(fā)現(xiàn),硫脲嘧啶是一類(lèi)非常重要的脲嘧啶核蛋白堿基改性的化學(xué)修飾的類(lèi)似物[13-17]。然而,近年來(lái)對(duì)甲基硫脲嘧啶衍生物的抗腫瘤活性的研究報(bào)告甚少。因此制備一系列新型硫脲嘧啶衍生物并進(jìn)行其抗癌活性的研究具有重要意義。

      Scheme 1

      本文在文獻(xiàn)[18]方法的基礎(chǔ)上,以乙酰乙酸乙酯(1)和硫脲為起始原料,經(jīng)環(huán)合反應(yīng)制得4-羥基-6-甲基-硫脲嘧啶(2); 2分別與取代芐基溴(3a,3k)經(jīng)取代反應(yīng)制得2-芐基-4-羥基-6-甲基硫脲嘧啶(4a)和2-(4-硝基苯甲基)-4-羥基-6-甲基硫脲嘧啶(4k); 4與POCl3經(jīng)氯代反應(yīng)制得2-芐基-4-氯-6-甲基硫脲嘧啶(5a)和2-(4-硝基苯甲基)-4-氯-6-甲基硫脲嘧啶(5k); 5與胺類(lèi)化合物(6a~6j,6o和6p)經(jīng)親核取代反應(yīng)合成了16個(gè)新型的2-取代芐基硫代嘧啶衍生物(7a~7p,Scheme 1),其結(jié)構(gòu)經(jīng)1H NMR,13C NMR和HRMS表征。測(cè)定了7a~7p對(duì)4種癌細(xì)胞系[MGC-803(人胃癌細(xì)胞),EC-9706(人食管癌細(xì)胞),PC-3(人前列腺癌細(xì)胞),EC-109(人食管癌細(xì)胞)]的體外細(xì)胞毒性,并對(duì)其構(gòu)效關(guān)系進(jìn)行了研究。

      1 實(shí)驗(yàn)部分

      1.1儀器與試劑

      Bruker DPX 400 MHz型核磁共振儀; Waters Micromass Q-T型質(zhì)譜儀。

      所用試劑均為分析純。

      1.2合成

      (1)2的合成

      在反應(yīng)瓶中加入1 5.1 mL(40 mmol),硫脲3.044 g(40 mmol)和KOH 2.693 g,攪拌下于80℃反應(yīng)1 h。冷卻,過(guò)濾,濾餅干燥得2 5.443 g,產(chǎn)率95.7%。

      (2)4的合成(以4a為例)

      在反應(yīng)瓶中加入2 2.8 g(20 mmol),芐基溴(3a)2.4 mL(20 mmol),水15 mL和二噁烷10 mL,攪拌下于50℃反應(yīng)10 min。用二氯甲烷萃取,合并有機(jī)相,減壓蒸餾除溶得4a 4.5 g,產(chǎn)率97.6%。

      用類(lèi)似方法制得4k。

      (3)5的合成(以5a為例)

      在反應(yīng)瓶中加入4a 1.2 g(5 mmol)和POCl310 mL(110 mmol),攪拌下于80℃反應(yīng)3 h。靜置冷卻,逐滴加入冰水中,攪拌下調(diào)節(jié)pH至中性。過(guò)濾,濾餅干燥得5a 1.2 g,產(chǎn)率92.3%。

      用類(lèi)似方法制得5k。

      (4)7的合成(以7a為例)

      在反應(yīng)瓶中加入5a 0.3 g(1.2 mmol)和異丙醇7 mL,攪拌使其溶解;加入4-氟苯胺(6a)0.1 mL(1.3 mmol),回流反應(yīng)2 h(TLC監(jiān)測(cè))。析出白色固體,抽濾,濾餅用異丙醇洗兩次,真空干燥得白色固體7a。

      用類(lèi)似方法合成白色固體7b~7p。

      7a:收率79.5%;1H NMR δ:11.01(s,1H,NH),7.61(dd,J=8.6 Hz,4.9 Hz,2H,ArH),7.38~7.17(m,7H,ArH),6.56(s,1H,CH),4.42(s,2H,CH2),2.34(s,3H,CH3);13C NMRδ:165.72,160.33,137.21,134.46,129.32,128.91,127.78,125.68,124.56,116.99,116.06,102.68~100.49,34.43,20.22; HR-MS m/z:Calcd for C18H16N3FS{[M +H]+}326.112 7,found 326.112 9。

      7b:收率92.7%;1H NMR δ:11.40(s,1H,NH),7.64(d,J=8.5 Hz,2H,ArH),7.42(d,J=8.6 Hz,2H,ArH),7.35~7.24(m,5H,ArH),6.67(s,1H,CH),4.47(s,2H,CH2),2.37(s,3H,CH3);13C NMR δ:166.47,160.19,158.56,136.98,136.81,129.30,129.27,128.95,127.88,124.91,124.16,102.18,34.57,20.21; HR-MS m/z:Calcd for C18H16N3ClS{[M + H]+} 342.083 2,found 342.082 6。

      7c:收率93.5%;1H NMR δ:11.29(s,1H,NH),7.56(dd,J=18.7 Hz,8.8 Hz,4H,ArH),7.44~7.17(m,5H,ArH),6.66(s,1H,CH),4.46(s,2H,CH2),2.37(s,3H,CH3);13C NMR δ:166.96,164.36,159.02,139.88,136.80,132.00,128.99,128.66,127.57,123.10,115.68,100.25,34.74,24.75; MS m/z:Calcd for C18H16N3BrS{[M +H]+}387.041 3,found 387.041 2。

      7d:收率79.5%;1H NMR δ:11.19(s,1H,NH),7.46(d,J=7.8 Hz,2H,Ar),7.24(dd,J=9.9 Hz,4.1 Hz,5H,ArH),7.20(d,J=8.2 Hz,2H,ArH),6.60(s,1H,NH),4.46(s,2H,CH2),2.36(s,3H,CH3),2.29(s,3H,CH3);13C NMR δ:166.39,160.30,158.62,137.93,137.06,130.16,129.41,129.32,128.93,127.82,125.48,123.60,122.71,101.85,34.44,20.21; HR-MS m/z:Calcd for C19H19N3S{[M + H]+} 322.137 8,found 322.138 2。

      7e:收率77.5%;1H NMR δ:11.32(s,1H,NH),7.49(d,J=7.2 Hz,2H,ArH),7.28(s,5H,ArH),6.97(d,J=8.6 Hz,2H,ArH),6.59(s,1H,CH2),4.44(s,2H,CH2),3.75(s,3H,OCH3),2.35(s,3H,CH3);13C NMR δ:166.96,164.36,159.02,156.26,136.80,134.82,128.99,128.66,127.57,121.53,115.59,100.25,56.04,34.74,24.75; HR-MS m/z:Calcd for C19H19N3OS{[M +H]+}337.132 7,found 337.132 4。

      7f:收率87.8%;1H NMR δ:11.40(s,1H, NH),7.90(s,1H,ArH),7.56(d,J=8.3 Hz,1H,ArH),7.43~7.18(m,7H,ArH),6.69(s,1H,CH),4.49(s,2H,CH2),2.38(s,3H,CH3);13C NMR δ:166.68,160.23,159.10,139.69,136.78,133.58,131.00,129.33,128.99,127.93,124.80,121.91,120.73,102.41,34.62,20.33; HR-MS m/z:Calcd for C19H19ClN3S{[M + H]+}342.083 2,found 342.082 8。

      7g:收率74.4%;1H NMR δ:7.91(t,J=5.9 Hz,1H,ArH),7.35~7.19(m,9H,ArH),6.11(s,1H,CH),4.54(s,2H,CH2),4.26(s,2H,CH2),2.18(s,3H,CH3);13C NMR δ:167.91,161.56,139.33,129.25,128.81,128.73,127.60,127.26,127.20,99.88,42.89,34.19,23.68; HR-MS m/z:Calcd for C19H19N3S{[M +H]+}322.137 8,found 322.137 9。

      7h:收率69.2%;1H NMR δ:7.45(d,J=7.3 Hz,2H,ArH),7.32~7.27(m,2H,ArH),7.23(dd,J=8.5 Hz,1H,ArH),6.06(d,J=6.2 Hz,1H,CH),4.39(s,2H,CH2),2.30(s,3H,CH3),1.85(d,J=13.0 Hz,1H,CH),1.60(ddd,J=15.2 Hz,11.3 Hz,5.7 Hz,2H,CH2),0.93(dd,J=6.7 Hz,3.6 Hz,6H,CH3),0.82(dd,J=24.7 Hz,11.9 Hz,1H,CH);13C NMR δ:169.81,165.40,161.24,138.70,128.82,128.30,126.78,97.20,51.26,42.56,35.07,30.90,24.11,19.15; HR-MS m/z:Calcd for C19H25N3S{[M +H]+}328.184 7,found 328.184 7。

      7i:收率63.2%;1H NMR(CDCl3)δ:7.43(d,J=7.3 Hz,2H,ArH),7.32~7.26(m,2H,ArH),7.22(t,J=7.3 Hz,1H,ArH),5.84(s,1H,CH),4.74(s,1H,NH),4.38(d,J=11.2 Hz,2H,CH2),3.07(s,1H,CH),2.29(d,J=9.7 Hz,3H,CH3),2.03~1.93(m,2H,CH2),1.70(ddd,J=42.6 Hz,9.3 Hz,3.7 Hz,3H,CH2),1.44~1.30(m,2H,CH2),1.28~1.13(m,3H,CH3);13C NMR δ:165.92,165.26,157.84,136.80,128.99,128.66,127.57,98.12,52.57,34.74,33.32,25.92,24.75,24.72; HRMS m/z:Calcd for C18H23N3S{[M +H]+}314.169 1,found 314.169 2。

      7j:收率67.6%;1H NMR(CDCl3)δ:7.43(d,J=7.3 Hz,2H,ArH),7.29(t,J=7.3 Hz,2H,ArH),7.21(t,J=7.3 Hz,1H,ArH),5.94(s,1H,CH),4.39(s,2H,CH2),3.46(d,J=5.9 Hz,4H,NCH2),2.29(s,3H,CH3),1.15(t,J=7.1 Hz,6H,2CH3);13C NMR δ:168.23,165.79,165.14,148.08,145.04,129.56,122.95,97.45,44.03,34.74,24.75,13.01; HR-MS m/z:Calcd for C16H21N3S{[M + H]+} 288.153 4,found 288.153 0。

      7k:收率75.7%;1H NMR δ:11.15(s,1H),8.10(d,J=8.6 Hz,2H),7.52(ddd,J=34.4 Hz,8.9 Hz,5.0 Hz,4H),7.29(dt,J=47.3 Hz,8.8 Hz,2H),6.58(s,1H),4.53(s,2H),2.35(s,3H);13C NMR δ:166.96,164.36,159.02,158.51,148.08,145.04,137.48,129.56,122.95,121.68,116.89,100.25,34.74,24.75; HR-MS m/z:Calcd for C18H15FN4O2S{[M +H]+}371.097 8,found 371.098 0。

      7l:收率82.6%;1H NMR δ:11.33(s,1H),8.14~8.08(m,2H),7.58(dd,J=8.7 Hz,3.0 Hz,4H),7.44~7.38(m,2H),6.65(s,1H),4.57(s,2H),2.37(s,3H);13C NMR δ:166.02,160.28,158.91,147.05,145.56,136.93,130.47,129.30,124.29,123.88,102.23,33.70,20.29; HR-MS m/z:Calcd for C18H15ClN4O2S{[M + H]+} 387.068 2,found 387.068 4。

      7m:收率82.6%;1H NMR δ:11.22(s,1H),8.11(d,J=8.7 Hz,2H),7.63~7.46(m,6H),6.64(s,1H),4.57(s,2H),2.34(d,J=12.7 Hz,3H);13C NMR δ:166.13,160.25,159.40,147.03,145.60,137.43,132.20,130.47,124.51,123.87,117.24,102.24,33.73,20.44; HR-MS m/z:Calcd for C18H15N4O2BrS{[M +H]+}431.017 7,found 431.017 4。

      7n:收率72.7%;1H NMR δ:11.16(s,1H),8.09(d,J=8.6 Hz,2H),7.55(s,2H),7.40(d,J=8.0 Hz,2H),7.20(d,J=8.1 Hz,2H),6.59(s,1H),4.55(s,2H),2.35(s,3H),2.29(s,3H);13C NMR δ:166.96,164.36,159.02,148.08,145.04,138.82,132.51,129.56,129.08,122.95,119.60,100.25,34.74,24.75,21.13; HR-MS m/z:Calcd for C19H18N4O2S{[M + H]+} 367.122 9,found 367.122 6。

      7o:收率65.9%;1H NMR δ:11.21(s, 1H),8.09(d,J=8.7 Hz,2H),7.54(d,J=7.8 Hz,2H),7.43~7.24(m,3H),7.03(d,J=7.3 Hz,1H),6.63(s,1H),4.57(s,2H),2.36(s,3H),2.25(s,3H);13C NMR δ:165.60,160.35,158.34,147.06,145.67,138.86,137.61,130.57,129.32,126.51,123.87,123.58,120.26,101.76,33.49,21.37,19.96; HR-MS m/z:Calcd for C19H18N4O2S{[M + H]+} 367.122 9,found 367.122 4。

      7p:收率47.7%;1H NMR δ:10.67(s,1H),10.22(s,1H),7.46~7.07(m,8H),6.86(t,J=7.5 Hz,1H),6.50(s,1H),4.34(s,2H),2.34(s,3H);13C NMR δ:167.16,164.26,158.10,148.08,147.96,145.04,131.33,129.56,123.93,122.95,122.00,121.94,115.03,101.00,34.74,24.75; HR-MS m/z:Calcd for C18H16N4O3S{[M + H]+}369.102 1,found 369.101 8。

      1.3細(xì)胞毒性測(cè)定

      按文獻(xiàn)[19]方法測(cè)定7a~7p對(duì)4種癌細(xì)胞系[MGC-803(人胃癌細(xì)胞); EC-9706(人食管癌細(xì)胞); PC-3(人前列腺癌細(xì)胞); EC-109(人食管癌細(xì)胞)]的體外細(xì)胞毒性。

      2 結(jié)果與討論

      2.1合成

      合成2時(shí),必須待硫脲在氫氧化鉀溶液中完全溶解后,才可加入乙酰乙酸乙酯。

      2.2細(xì)胞毒活性

      采用MTT[19]分析法,選用抗癌藥物5-FU作為陽(yáng)性對(duì)照藥物,評(píng)價(jià)了7a~7p對(duì)4種人癌細(xì)胞的細(xì)胞毒性。其IC50值見(jiàn)表1。由表1可見(jiàn),7a~7p對(duì)四種人癌細(xì)胞顯示出較好的的細(xì)胞毒性。與5-FU相比,7b(IC503.126 μg·mL-1)和7c(IC502.197 μg·mL-1)對(duì)MGC-803的細(xì)胞毒性更佳。

      由表1還可看出,相對(duì)7k~7p來(lái)講,7a~7j的細(xì)胞毒性更好。通過(guò)結(jié)構(gòu)-活性關(guān)系分析可看出:在硫脲嘧啶結(jié)構(gòu)中,R1為H時(shí)對(duì)提高細(xì)胞毒性有促進(jìn)作用。此外,通過(guò)在嘧啶的4-位引入芳香胺可以增強(qiáng)活性,而含對(duì)位取代基的芳香胺更有效,其中又以含有Br的取代基效果更加明顯。

      表1 7a~7p對(duì)4種人癌細(xì)胞的細(xì)胞毒性*Table 1 The cytotoxicities of 7a~7pagainst four human cancer cell lines

      3 結(jié)論

      設(shè)計(jì)并合成了16個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)新穎的2,4-二取代基-6-甲基硫脲嘧啶衍生物。抗腫瘤活性結(jié)果表明:大多數(shù)化合物對(duì)MGC-803表現(xiàn)出良好的細(xì)胞毒性,其中7b和7c的活性最好,IC50分別為3.126 μg·mL-1和2.197 μg·mL-1,優(yōu)于對(duì)照藥5-FU。

      結(jié)構(gòu)-活性關(guān)系分析表明:硫脲嘧啶結(jié)構(gòu)中R1為H時(shí)對(duì)提高細(xì)胞毒性有促進(jìn)作用,R2為對(duì)位含有Br的取代基的芳香胺可以增強(qiáng)活性。這對(duì)抗癌藥物的開(kāi)發(fā)具有重要意義。

      參考文獻(xiàn)

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      ·研究論文·

      ·研究論文·

      Synthesis and Cytotoxicity of Novel
      2-Substituted Benzyl Sulfo-pyrimidine Derivatives

      GU Yi-fei,WANG Chao-jie,CAO Qin-po,ZHANG Xiao-song,CHEN Peng-ju,JIANG Teng-fei,SHAO Kun-peng,LI Bo,KE Yu,ZHANG Qiu-rong,LIU Hong-min
      (School of Pharmaceutical Sciences,Collaborative Innovation Center of
      New Drug Research and Saftry Evaluation,Zhengzhou University,Zhengzhou 450001,China)

      Abstract:Sixteen novel 2-substituted benzyl sulfo-pyrimidine derivatives(7a~7p)were synthesized by a four-step reactions of cyclization,substitution,chlorination and nucleophilic substitution,using ethyl acetoacetate and thiourea as raw materials.The structures were characterized by1H NMR,13C NMR and HR-MS.Cytotoxicity in vitro tests indicated that 6-methyl-4-parachloroaniline-2-benzyl sulfo-pyrimidine(7b)and 6-methyl-4-parabromoaniline-2-benzyl sulfo-pyrimidine(7c)exhibited the best activities against MGC-803(human gastric cancer cell line)with 3.126 μg·mL-1and 2.197 μg·mL-1of IC50,respectively,which were better than 5-FU(IC503.208 μg·mL-1)

      Keywords:pyrimidine; thiouracil derivative; synthesis; cytotoxicity

      作者簡(jiǎn)介:顧一飛(1989-),男,漢族,江蘇南通人,碩士研究生,主要從事有機(jī)合成的研究。

      基金項(xiàng)目:國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金資助項(xiàng)目(81172937)

      *收稿日期:2014-12-11;

      修訂日期:2015-05-08

      DOI:10.15952/j.cnki.cjsc.1005-1511.2015.06.0461

      文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼:A

      中圖分類(lèi)號(hào):O626.41; O625.52

      通信聯(lián)系人:可鈺,碩士生導(dǎo)師,E-mail:ky@ zzu.edu;張秋榮,碩士生導(dǎo)師,E-mail:zqr406@ sina.com;劉宏民,博士生導(dǎo)師,

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